\ YAMA FF Cornell Aniversity Library THE GIFT OF ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY | Ci QL 536.H8 v3 ih i ‘oes of North and Central Amer Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002846032 THE MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES BY LELAND O. HOWARD, HARRISON G. DYAR, AND FREDERICK KNAB VOLUME THREE SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION (IN TWO PARTS) PART I WASHINGTON, D. C. PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON 1915 EN: CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON Pustioation No. 159, Vor. 3 Copies of this Book were first issued OCT1 1915 The Lord Baltimore Press BALTIMORE, MD., U. 8. A, SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION PART I INTRODUCTION. According to the conclusions here adopted, the mosquitoes comprise a sub- family of the order Diptera, and are divisible into two tribes. In our region, covering the North American continent from the southern edge of Canada to the Isthmus of Panama, and including the Antilles and Trinidad, we treat in this work 382 species, included in 25 genera: 8 genera with 85 species in the tribe Sabethini and 17 genera with 297 species in the tribe Culicini. To this should be added 7 species recently described but not included here, namely, Wyeomyia rolonca, Wyeomyia intonca, Aédes thibaulti (Dyar & Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xi, 173-174, 1910), Aédes toliota (Dyar & Knab, Ins. Insc. Menstr., i, 77%, 1913), Lesticocampa espini, Culex prasinopleurus and Culex chalcocorystes (Martini, Ins. Insc. Menstr., ii, 65-76, 1914). Only a few parts of our region have been at all adequately explored, many large areas not at all, so that many more species doubtless await discovery. Fortunately, an unusually large proportion of the material before us consists of bred specimens with larve associated, so that we have been able to base our conclusions upon comprehensive studies of the larvee as well as upon the adults. The two of the present authors, Messrs. Dyar and Knab, who have made the detailed studies for the taxonomic part of the present work, in fact began their studies with the larve alone, thus arriving at an independent view. Further research has abundantly justified these conclusions, although a more extensive study has naturally led to some modifications in details. We have had prepared mounts of the male genitalia of a large majority of the species and present herewith figures of them; they enable us to draw gen- eral conclusions from much more abundant material than has been before gotten together. We find the characters of the male genitalia of the greatest value and supporting the conclusions obtained with the larva. Some confusion in systematic work has been brought about by the employ- ment of certain terms and the worker must be cautioned against them as a source of error in using the original descriptions. It has been repeatedly pointed out by eminent dipterists that the structure commonly called metano- tum belongs to the mesothorax; yet the error is being constantly perpetuated. In our descriptions we call the part postnotum. The use of the term meta- tarsus for the first tarsal joint is not only incorrect but has led to considerable confusion. In such descriptions the second tarsal joint is called the first and so on. In descriptions where neither a metatarsus nor a fifth joint is men- tioned it is impossible to decide which joints are indicated. Concerning species previously described from our region, we have been able to recognize a majority of them in the material before us. Some are still unrecog- nized and probably unrecognizable, owing to the descriptions having been based upon imperfect material. In a few cases we have adopted arbitrary designations v VI MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA of certain species the descriptions of which covered a number of species and of which the types were not recognizable. All species from our region, whether recognized or not, are treated in the following text. The two of the present authors who have undertaken the preparation of the systematic portion of the work have not had the opportunity to personally examine the types in European collections, but have been obliged to rely upon descriptions and examinations made by others. For this reason, and from lack of adequate South American collections, we have not been able to recognize cer- tain species described by Theobald from the Guianas and elsewhere, some of which may prove to be the same as species subsequently described by us from Trinidad or Panama. In the paper above referred to, by two of the present authors, a number of species were described from the larve only.’ With a few exceptions we have now described the adults of these and placed them in our tables in their proper places. Nearly all of them prove to be valid species, distinct from those previously founded upon adults alone. In questions of priority and synonymy we have followed the code of the Inter- national Zoological Congress as elaborated by Dr. C. W. Stiles. While some of the changes in names have been adopted by us with reluctance, it has seemed necessary to treat the subject consistently and to follow the latest authority. In questions of classification we have adopted the system suggested by our- selves and have not followed the arbitrary systems based on the relative length of the palpi in the two sexes and the scale characters proposed by Mr. F. V. Theobald, nor the subdivisions into numerous subfamilies. A number of European species have been credited to the American fauna from time to time, but all such cases that we have been able to investigate have proven to be fallacious, the fact being that closely allied and representative species inhabiting the separate continents have been mistaken for each other. We have therefore excluded all European references except in the case of Culex pipiens, which we have reason to believe has been actually introduced. The drawings contained in Volume II of this work, which illustrate the present systematic portion, were prepared by the following artists: Plate 1 by Miss Mary Carmody, after Circular 72, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Plates 2-40 by Miss Carmody from microscopic slides, except the enlarged details on plates 17, 18 and 19, which are by Mr. Frederick Knab from Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xi, plates i-iii, 1909. Plate 41 from photographs by Mr. H. 8. Barber. Plates 42-85 by Mr. Knab from living larve. Plates 86-131 by Mr. Knab, partly inked in by Miss Carmody. Plates 132-144 by Miss Carmody. Plate 145 by Mr. Knab. Plates 146-147 by Miss E. G. Mitchell. Plates 148-150 by Miss Mitchell, except figures 699 and 713, which are by Mr. Knab. 1The larve of Culicide classified as independent isms. 169-230, pls 4-46, 1906. pe organisms. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, MOSQUITOES, THEIR DEFINITION AND POSITION IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. Mosquitoes are small two-winged flies belonging to the order Diptera. For a general view of this order the student is referred to Prof. 8. W. Williston’s Manual of North American Diptera, of which the third edition was published in 1908. The following paragraphs, extracted from this work, define the family Culicide, and separate it from all other flies: Flies of a softer texture, not ectoparasites upon warm-blooded animals. Mesonotum never with a complete V-shaped suture, rarely with any distinct suture. For the most part small flies. No ocelli. Antenne not composed of three joints and an arista or terminal style... . Wings with more than a few longitudinal veins and with apparent cross-veins .... No discal cell. The marginal vein encompasses the wing; second and fourth longitudinal veins furcate; many veined. Anterior cross-vein near middle of wing, distinct; second basal cell large and dis- tinct; wings not folded roof-like when at rest. Wings tomentose; fringed on the hind margin; antenne of male usually bushy plumose; the second and third veins separate at an acute angle. For the most part blood-sucking flies; mosquitoes...........-.ceeeeeees CULICIDZ The wing venation of the Culicide is remarkably homogeneous throughout the family. It consists of a well-developed auxiliary or mediastinal vein, six longitudinal veins, of which the second, fourth and fifth are furcate, and humeral anterior and basal cross-veins. The details of structure and their modifications will be found discussed in the chapter on the anatomy of mos- quitoes in the first volume of this work. The Culicide, according to Williston, are divided into two subfamilies, sepa- rated as follows: Proboscis short, not adapted for piercing....-.....-.eeseeeeeeeeeeeee CoRETHRIN = Proboscis much longer than the head, firm, adapted for piercing......... CuLICINZ The genus Diza, which Williston and others treat as a distinct family, under the name Dixide, should, in our opinion, be considered as a third subfamily of the Culicide, the Dixine. The larve of the Culicide are characterized by the presence of a complete, well- chitinized and completely exposed head with well-developed mouth-parts. In nearly all the forms the respiratory system is well-developed and there are two main tracheal trunks extending from the anterior part of the thorax to the eighth abdominal segment. Here the system opens outwardly, either through two spir- acles directly upon the dorsum, or, more frequently, through a chitinous tube. The larve are therefore metapneustic, all the other spiracles being closed. In further adaptation to the aquatic life the tracheal openings are protected by a variously developed closing mechanism. Pseudopods are absent, except on some 1 2 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA of the abdominal segments of Diza. In some of the Corethrine the respiratory system is represented by two pairs of air-bladders or “ floats.” The shape of the thorax, being composed of 3 segments closely consolidated, is a good diag- nostic character, except in the Dixinz. Imms says (Parasitology, i, 122, 1908) : In the Chironomide “the first three post-cephalic segments become greatly swollen towards the end of larval life, in consequence of the developing imag- inal organs contained within them. However, there is no fusion into a compact thorax, though the limits between the second and third segments may become partially obliterated.” The presence of long sete, particularly laterally on the thorax and abdomen, is also characteristic and fails only in a few Corethrine. The separation of the Culicide into its subfamilies on larval characters de- pends upon the presence of the mouth-brushes in the Culicine and Dixina, which are not developed in the Corethrine, besides which in general appearance the larve are quite unlike, and an experienced collector will never mistake them. The Corethrine are a small group, but possess remarkable diversity of form. All the species known are predaceous, usually upon the larve of the true mosquitoes. In general, all the larve that seize their prey with the antenne instead of the mandibles or maxille belong to the Corethrine. This character is least developed in the genus Hucorethra (=Pelorempis), but its position may be recognized by the absence of the mouth-brushes. This form, Fucorethra underwoodi Underwood, leaving aside its predaceous habit, is near to the gener- alized ancestor of the Culicine, and it is interesting to note its general resem- blance to the culicine genus Anopheles, which we here place the lowest of the true Culicine. The larve of the Dixinw are easily distinguished by having the three thoracic segments not widened and unconsolidated. The subfamily Culicine, or true mosquitoes, are the subject of the present work. They may be divided into two tribes, as follows: TaBLE OF TRIBES OF THE SUBFAMILY CULICINZE These tribes are also well characterized as larve and pupa: TABLE OF TRIBES OF THE LARVE OF CULICINE. 1, Anal segment without ventral brush, the hair tufts all paired........ SABETHINI Anal segment with unpaired ventral median brush.................... CULICINI TABLE OF TRIBES OF THE PuP& oF CULICINE. 1. Abdominal segments 7 and 8 with ample hair tufts at angles; paddles small SABETHINI Abdominal segments 7 and 8 with hairs or small tufts; paddles large and broad CULICINI STATEMENT OF SOME OF THE CHARACTERS USED IN THE TABLES. The Sabethini and Culicini may be separated at once by the presence of a small group of sete on the posterior portion of the postnotum and of a pair of very coarse bristles projecting forward between the eyes in the former, which combination of characters is absent in the latter. Most Culicini may be recog- nized by the longitudinal rows of coarse sete across the disk of the mesonotum, but these fail in a few genera. In the Culicini, the postnotum is usually with- out sete, but two exceptions occur. In Dinomimetes one or two coarse bristles are present on the postnotum, but its position in the Culicini is at once apparent by the coarse bristles on the disk of the mesonotum. Many specimens of Hemagogus have from one to three minute hairs well back on the postnotum, but the position in the Culicini is indicated by the absence of the two coarse sete of the vertex. The small sete on the postnotum are sometimes difficult to see, so that a compound microscope is necessary for certainty, though in the larger forms they are generally recognizable with a hand-lens. In the Sabethini we separate the genera by the character of the prothoracic lobes, whether large and closely approximated dorsally or well separated; by the proboscis, whether long and slender or short and swollen at the tip; by the eyes, whether large and closely touching on the vertex of the face or smaller and separated by a narrow area of integument, and on the shape of this area, whether wedge-shaped or parallel-sided; on the claws of the hind tarsi, which in one genus have but a single claw, all others having two claws, though occasionally one is reduced in size ; by the presence or absence of sete on the clypeus. In separating the species of Sabethini, we rely upon the coloring of the scales on different parts. The coloration of the prothoracic lobes is an important character, followed by the distribution of white scaling on the occiput. There is generally a border of white scales behind the eyes, but these may be partly or wholly replaced by dark scales, giving various specific modifications. Next in importance comes the scaling of the wings, whether the scales (particularly on the forks of the second vein) are narrow or broad. Finally, we have the mark- ings on the legs, which are more diversified, but must be used with caution, as they are frequently subject to sexual dimorphism. Care must therefore be used with these characters to be sure of the sex of the specimen under observation, which is not always obvious with the smaller sabethids, as they often have practically identical antennz in the two sexes. The abdomen is generally colored dark above, silvery below, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; but in some species this separation is in an irregular or undulating line, afford- ing a useful character. A few of the species have curious, paddle-shaped masses of vestiture on the legs, the distribution and coloration of which afford specific separations. 3 4 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA These characters are, we think, easily appreciable by anyone familiar with the names of the parts of the mosquito, and no especial difficulty should be met with in determining specimens of Sabethini that are in good condition, for the specific characters of this group seem well fixed and not subject to much individual variation. In separating the genera of the Culicini, we have been obliged to resort to special characters for nearly every genus, as they do not divide into large groups of genera on single characters. The Culicini are in a plastic condition, the several forms constituting a more or less continuous series from the lowest to the highest. This is especially shown in the members of the highest genera, particularly the large genus Culex, where the species are very closely allied and subject to considerable individual variation. We use, in generic definition, the scutellum, whether distinctly trilobed or not; the mesothorax, whether specially elongated or roundedly elliptical ; certain differences in venation ; the elongation of the second antennal joint; the approximation of the enlarged prothoracic lobes in one genus; the peculiar shortening of the fourth joint of the fore tarsus in another; finally we come to a group of five genera which we have divided on the modification of the hind tibial scraper. This structure is visible only when the legs have been prepared and mounted in balsam, but we find it a good char- acter of last resort. : The five genera in question are Psorophora, Aédes, Mansonia, Culex and Carrollia. Psorophora and Aédes, in the female, can be distinguished at a glance from the others by the shape of the abdomen, which is pointed, with prominent cerci, and in nearly all cases this will suffice, as specimens are gen- erally of the female sex. The small genus Carrollia can be distinguished from Culex by the compressed abdomen. The Mansonia are generally recognizable by their specific characters, but in cases of doubt recourse should be had to the tibial scraper, which can be seen by mounting one hind leg for the microscope. Lutza is closely allied to Culex, but we separate it by the unusually large empodia between the tarsal claws. This is no doubt an adaptive character of no fundamental importance, but serves to separate these large species. To separate Psorophora, Aédes and Mansonia, we have been obliged to use different char- acters for the two sexes, which is the only case in which we have been forced to this undesirable course. It has seemed impossible to unite the last two genera on account of the peculiar larval structures of Mansonia, as well as the structure of the female adult, correlated with its habit of depositing the eggs in boat-like masses. We have separated the species of Deinocerites by the structure of the cerci of the female, which can only be well seen in balsam mounts. The antennex of the male serve in part to separate specimens of that sex, but in doubtful cases, with only males at hand, the geographical distribution will have to be considered in arriving at a determination. In Culex we have used the coloration and markings of all the parts. The genus contains two distinct groups, Culex proper and the peculiar group inhabit- ing the water in the leaves of bromeliaceous plants, Microculea Theobald. These CHARACTERS IN THE TABLES 3) species always possess two peculiar dark bars on the pleure, but as some of the members of Culex proper have irregularly marked or spotted pleure, we have thought it safer not to separate the group on this character, but have included the species with the others. The species of Culex are the most closely allied and the most variable of any of the mosquitoes. We have been obliged to use the ordinary characters of markings and coloration, because other characters do not exist ; but there are none of them that are not subject to variation. For example, the white ring on the proboscis.of the female may, in occasional specimens of the same species, be absent; the white rings of the tarsi may, exceptionally, dis- appear ; the markings of the thorax, more especially if pronounced and obvious, may be replaced by a uniform coloration; the white bands at the bases of the abdominal segments may be absent. We have tried to offset this condition by including some of the more variable species in two or more different places in the table; but, in using it, this matter must not be lost sight of, nor the conclusion hastily reached that a specimen represents a “ new” species simply because it can not be determined by the table. The larval table will be found to be more reliable, as the larval characters are less variable than those of the adults ; indeed a knowledge of the larva is essential to a proper comprehension of a species of Culex. Before leaving this subject reference should be made to the character of the shape of the proboscis, which we use under dichotomy 45. While often obvious, the difference in certain species is slight, so that it is sometimes difficult to decide whether the proboscis is swollen or not. In such cases we advise the trial of the table under each heading separately. In short, the species of Culex in their colorational characters are illy defined, intergradient, and variable, and if our table is found to be vague and the characters inconstant and unsatisfactory, the fault must be laid at the door of the insects themselves. The variability of the specific characters does not imply that the species are not distinct. Their dis- tinctness is proved by the well-marked differences in the male genitalia, which we find to be reliable, and the same can be said of the larvee. The species of Uranotenia are few in number and beautifully ornamented, lending themselves to specific separation on the usual characters of markings and coloration. The species seem constant and we do not anticipate that there will be any difficulty in recognizing specimens in good condition. Unfortunately the same is not the case with the larve which present few tangible characters for separation. Mitchell published a table separating species on detailed char- acters of the structures of the antennz, which was followed by Dyar and Knab; but we now find that these characters are not only beyond the limit of specific fixity, but also beyond the limit of accuracy of observation, so that we have had to discard them entirely. The species of Culiseta are well defined and will cause no trouble, once the genus is ascertained. This is in some cases more uncertain than the specific determination, owing to variability in the venation, which affects some of the species more than others. The larve are more difficult to separate than the adults, although very readily determinable generically. Indeed, we feel some 6 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA doubt whether the characters used to separate the larve specifically are actually teliable, but we give them for what they are worth. The species of Mansonia are, for the most part, easily separable on characters of coloration. Of the larve, we know only two species as fully grown larve, so that we have been unable to make a full synoptic table of them. The species of Psorophora divide on the presence or absence of smooth nude areas on the mesonotum, on the presence or absence of a tooth on the tarsal claws of the female, on the characters of the vestiture of the legs and the colora- tion of the legs and body. In Aédes we use as the primary character the presence or absence of a tooth on the tarsal claws in the female, followed by characters of coloration that require no special explanation. The species of Aédes, as a whole, are less subject to variation than those of Culer. There are, however, certain species which vary extremely in the scale-ornamentation of the mesonotum and abdomen. In “ several cases the adults are practically identical and no certainty of separation can be had without a knowledge of the male genitalia or early stages. Such species we have separated by geographical distribution, where possible. Specific variation is most marked in the ornamentation of the mesonotum, but even here is scarcely great enough to cause confusion. We anticipate that our table will be available for material in good condition. The species of Hamagogus, though few in number, separate into two groups differing in venation, armature of the claws of the female, and length of the palpi of the male. Generic names have been proposed for these divisions, but seem unnecessary. The species further separate on the amount of silvery mark- ing on the abdomen, which is somewhat variable and more abundant in the males than in the females, so that a little care must be exercised in considering this point. In the species with short male palpi minute bristles occur pos- teriorly on the postnotum ; but these are often absent, so that they can not be used even for specific diagnosis. The species of Megarhinus are separable by the presence or absence of red anal tufts and the coloration of the mesonotum and legs. The latter is subject to sexual dimorphism, so that a separate table for the determination of the two sexes has been found useful. The species are well fixed and the larve nearly allied, but separable on good characters. The Anopheles separate on the coloration of the wings, legs, and palpi. Some of the species are closely allied to each other and the markings on the wings present some variation, but not so as to call for special comment. The larve have proved for the most part practically inseparable, except on minute char- acters; the dentition of the lateral comb has proved to be variable. Besides the tables for adults, we also give tables by the male genitalia and by larvae. The male genitalia do not separate the tribes Sabethini and Culicini. In the Sabethini, the genera separate broadly on the modification of the clasp filament, which is simple in the more generalized forms, but the characters do not define the genera separately. In Wyeomyia (including Limatus, Sabethes, and Sabe- CHARACTERS IN THE TABLES fi thinus) the species separate on the shape of the side-pieces and the form of the clasp filaments; next the degree of reduction of the filament, which in some forms becomes functionally replaced by the produced outer angle of the side- piece ; then the details of the structure of the modified and lobed clasp-filament, and in some cases by the shape of the harpes. In Lesticocampa and Joblotia, the basal appendages express the first dichotomy, followed by modifications of the side-pieces and harpes. The structures which we call harpagones in the descriptions of the genitalia are not homologous with what we call harpagones in the Culicini, being here more like a second pair of unci. But they occupy a similar position, and it appears to us more likely to cause confusion if a separate term were employed. In the Culicini, the genitalia show a wider range of structure and are largely available for generic definition. Harpes and harpagones are absent in the lowest A. Side-piece. E. Harpago. B. Clasp-filament. ¥F. Unci. C. Lobes of side-piece. G. Basal appendage. D. Harpe. forms, the harpes appearing first. The presence of lateral appendages to the side-pieces separates the genera allied to Deinocerites and Culex, except for a few aberrant forms ; Mansonia is characterized by a rod or tooth set in the end of the harpagone; Psorophora by another modification of the harpagone, and Hema- gogus by a fringe of large scales on the side-pieces. A few aberrant forms come out separately in the table. In the Deinocerites group, the species separate by small details. In Culex, after separating the aberrant dyart and melanurus, the species separate broadly on the modifications of the lateral prominence of the side-piece, the shape of the harpes, and lastly the fine divisions of the harpa- gones. These serve for minute specific characters, but have not been carried out to the final details in the tables, largely for want of time for the minute com- parative study. They are indicated, however, in our figures, to which reference 8 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA is made in parts of the table. In Culiseta, the presence or absence of a row of spines on the segment preceding the last gives a good prime character. After- wards the modifications of the unci are used. In Psorophora, the dilation of the clasp-filament and the modifications of the appendages of the harpagones are the principal characters. In Aédes, the harpagones are undeveloped in the lowest forms; the other characters used are like those already mentioned. In the succeeding genera, the characters for use become more and more restricted, until in Megarhinus the species only separate into groups. In Anopheles, the harpagones and harpes are both absent, and recourse is had to certain spines and lobes, which are without fundamental importance, but serve for the most part for a specific separation. The larvee, as elsewhere stated, separate into the tribes Sabethini and Culicini on the absence or presence of the ventral brush on the last segment. The ventral brush of the Culicini consists of a series of branched hairs inserted along the mid-ventral line, each hair or tuft upon a transverse chitinous strip. These chitinous strips form the so-called “ barred area”; in a few cases this is sup- planted by a chitinous plate with a longitudinal series of perforations in which the members of the brush are inserted. The ventral brush is rudimentary in the first-stage larve and becomes more complete at each successive stage. In the Sabethini the ventral brush is absent in all stages and is represented by a single opposed pair of hairs or hair-tufts. In addition to this character, a num- ber of others, structural and biological, differentiate the two tribes. These have been set forth in their respective places in the discussion of the tribes. In the Sabethini, the genera separate well, except Wyeomyia and Limatus, which are in fact not truly separate genera. There is no lateral patch of scales or comb on the eighth abdominal segment in Joblotia. The predaceous Sabethinus and Lesticocampa have heavily armed maxille and separate on this character from Wyeomyia and Limatus, which feed on organic matter and microdrgan- isms. In most of the sabethine genera we possess too few larve to form extensive tables. In Wyeomyia, however, we have a number. They separate on the struc- ture of the air tube, the lateral comb and other structures requiring no especial explanation. In the Culicini, the genera separate on the absence of the air-tube in Anoph- eles ; afterward by the presence or absence of pecten on the air-tube, the structure of the mouth-brushes, the shape of the head, mandibles, and the completeness or incompleteness of the chitinous ring on the anal segment. The specific char- acters of the larve will be easily understood from the wording of our tables, and require no especial explanation. OUTLINE OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA COVERED. The region included in the present monograph extends over North and Central America, from southern Canada to the Isthmus of Panama, including the West India Islands and the island of Trinidad. The Arctic portion of North America, Labrador, the Hudson Bay region, northern Saskatchewan, northern British Columbia, and Alaska are excluded, owing to the fact that no sufficient material was obtainable from this region with the time and means at our disposal. We regret this necessary omission, as the Arctic is known to be well inhabited by mosquitoes, and should undoubtedly yield a number of inter- esting species. Our collections cover southern Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific more or less completely, the United States, parts of Mexico, small collec- tions from several points in the Central American states, and fairly complete collections from the Panama Canal Zone. The mosquitoes of Jamaica have been made known through the efforts of Dr. M. Grabham, and we have less represen- tative material from Cuba, Santo Domingo, and some of the smaller islands. The island of Trinidad has been included, although it does not properly belong to the same faunal region with the other West Indies, having a continental fauna. Its species are more nearly allied to those of continental origin occurring in Panama, many being identical. These two regions lead insensibly into the South American fauna, which should properly be included in a work of this character, but we have not had the opportunity to acquire sufficient material from the southern continent. Many portions of our territory are very inadequately covered by the collec- tions before us. Mexico presents many still unexplored regions, while the Central American states are most imperfectly known to us. This is partly compensated by our comparatively good collections from the Panama Canal Zone, as many of these species undoubtedly range further to the north; still there must be many undiscovered species in this territory, and we expect to see the list of species considerably extended by further research. Unfortunately we have no material from the island of Santa Lucia, whence Mr. Theobald received considerable collections, nor from St. Vincent, whence Professor Willis- ton described several species. Consequently we have been unable to recognize several of these species in the material before us; since many of the West Indian species are peculiar to certain islands it would be unsafe to identify from one island a species described from another without authentic material for com- parison and a knowledge of the larva, even in cases of apparent agreement with the description. This is more particularly true of members of the genus Culez, many of which are closely allied to one another, and appear to be recently evolved or plastic forms, which lend themselves to geographical diversity, shown, per- haps, only in the larval stages and in the structure of the male genitalia. 9 10 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA We have referred above to faunal regions, or large areas occupied by a com- plex of species which, in general, do not extend beyond these areas. Such areas exist for all classes of plants and animals and, in a broad way, coincide for all. They have been mapped for North America in some detail by Dr. C. Hart Merriam (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Biol. Surv., Bull. 10, 1898). These areas differ somewhat for different classes of animals. In many they are conditioned by the distribution of food-plants or other hosts, but, in mosquitoes, these re- strictions operate to only a slight degree, and, in consequence, the faunal areas of mosquitoes are large. They are determined by climate, or rather by the effect of climate upon the breeding-places. As we show elsewhere in this work, there are classes of species adapted to breed in temporary puddles, in permanent water, and in water held by living or dead plants. The former are of two kinds, those occurring in pools the temporary nature of which is determined by a cold climate, where the melting snows form pools in early spring, and those oc- curring in pools formed by infrequent rains in an arid region. The species inhabiting permanent water are especially adapted to a moist climate where frequent rains maintain suitable collections of water. The last class are domi- nant in the tropics, where many species of plants retain water in leaf-axils or flower-bracts. A few species are associates of man, their larve inhabiting water in artificial receptacles, and these are largely independent of faunal regions, being limited only by extremes of cold and the absence of man. The area covered in this work does not correspond to any one or more entire faunal regions, its boundaries being arbitrary. The species of the arctic region are treated in small part only, in so far as we find them in Canada and the northern parts of the United States. The faunal regions comprising the United States east and west of the Rocky Mountains are included in full, as is also that of the semi-arid west, although our collections from the south-western United States and the Mexican plateau are very scanty and, consequently, that part of this area is imperfectly treated. The great tropical faunal region is touched by our inclusion of Central America and of Trinidad, while the insular faunas of the Greater and Lesser Antilles, which form two distinct regions, are covered entirely, although necessarily incompletely. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF MOSQUITOES. Linnezus in 1758 founded the genus Culex, containing several species, some of which are not now considered to belong to the Culicide. The first species contained in Linnezus’s genus is Culex pipiens Linneus, now generally recog- nized as the type of the genus and the family. From time to time new species and genera were added by various authors. Meigen proposed the genera Ano- pheles and Aédes in 1818. Culex was restricted to the forms with long palpi in the male and short palpi in the female; Anopheles was separated from Culex by the long palpi of the female, Aédes by the short palpi of the male. He was followed in 1827 by Robineau-Desvoidy, who adopted the genera of Meigen and established three new ones, Sabethes, Megarhinus, and Psorophora, without reference to the characters used by Meigen. Megarhinus was founded on the curved proboscis and narrow wings; Sabethes on the ciliate tibie and tarsi of the middle legs; Psorophora was founded, not as is generally supposed on the ciliation of the legs, but upon the structure of the prothorax, which, however, offers nothing peculiar or tangible, and the supposed presence of ocelli. These genera were for the most part rejected by subsequent workers as insufficiently founded. In 1881 Lynch Arribaélzaga recognized all the previously established genera and in addition proposed the genera Ochlerotatus, Teniorhynchus, Janthino- soma, Heteronycha, and Uranotenia. He separated his genera principally on the number of joints in the palpi and the armature of the claws in the two sexes, in addition to the previously used characters. Owing apparently to some mis- identifications of species or other error, his definitions of Culex and Aédes are wrong, and there are several errors in his table, so that many of the genera are not tangibly defined. In 1896, Williston proposed the single genus Hamagogus, the palpi short in both sexes and said to be five-jointed. The discovery of the réle of mosquitoes in the transmission of disease at once produced great activity in the study of these insects. It was early found that not all species of mosquitoes transmit disease and it was only natural that there should have been a desire to express in classification the differences which were so significant from a pathological standpoint. These differences were obvious and seemed very significant when only a few forms were studied, but with the widening of the field this preoccupation brought about a highly artificial system of classification. Grassi assisted by Noé, in 1901, in his “ Studi di uno zoologo sulla malaria,” divided the mosquitoes into two subfamilies, the Anopheline and the Culicinz, leaving out of consideration certain genera which were unknown to him. The Anophelinz were defined by the long palpi of the female, the presence of a single 11 12 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA spermatheca, the very long legs, the absence of scales on the abdomen, the adap- tation of the larva to life at the surface of the water, and the character of the eggs. The Culicin were characterized by the short palpi of the female, the presence of three spermathece, the stout legs, the scaled abdomen, the larve provided with respiratory tube and living below the surface of the water, and the eggs placed vertically in a boat-shaped mass. In the same year Theobald, commissioned to study the collections of the British Museum, divided the Culicide into five subfamilies, Anophelina, Megar- hinina, Culicina, Aédeomyina, and Corethrina, thus raising the genera that had been previously established on characters of palpi and proboscis into subfamilies (Journ. Tropical Medicine, v. 4, pp. 229-235). In this paper he proposed the following new genera, without, however, associating any species with them: Cycloleppteron, Toxorhynchites, Stegomyia, Panoplites, Deinocerites, Brachio- soma, Aédeomyia, Wyeomyia, Trichoprosopon. In 1901 appeared the first volume of Theobald’s monograph of the mosquitoes of the world, based upon extensive collections brought together through the agency of the British Museum. In this work Theobald elaborated his classifica- tion; he included the characters previously used, extended the use of venation and scaling introduced by Arribdlzaga; but he also employed the presence or absence and shape of the scales on different parts of the body and wings. A new character, the presence of sete on the postnotum was here first introduced by him. Upon the presence of these sete on the postnotum, and a few scales in addition, be founded the subfamily Trichoprosoponina. He proposed the new genera Mucidus, Eretmapodites, and Armigeres, to which he added, in a second volume, Brachiomyia and Limatus in the same year. Several of Theobald’s names proved to be preoccupied, and substitutes were promptly proposed by R. Blanchard. In 1902, Neveu-Lemaire proposed a classification based on the number of joints in the palpi, similar to that of Arribdlzaga, but with more detail. He proposed the new genus Theobaldia, based on these characters. In this year Theobald published a classification of the “ Anophelina ” in which the genera Grassia, Howardia, Rossia, Cellia, and Stethomyia were created. All but two of these names proved to be preoccupied and Blanchard again proposed substitutes. In 1903 the third volume of Theobald’s monograph appeared. In this the classification on scale characters was further elaborated and the number of genera greatly increased. The old genus Anopheles is here divided into 10 genera, based entirely upon vestiture characters. He added 6 new genera to the Culicina and 12 new genera to the Aédeomyina. He established a new sub- family, Heptaphlebomyina, for a new genus and species from Africa. In 1905 Theobald published a review of the genera in the “ Genera Insectorum ” which is in line with his previous work and brings the classification up to date. He separated his subfamily Megarhinew into two subfamilies on the character of the length of palpi of the female. Theobald’s volume tv (1907) and volume v (1910) of his monograph added many new genera and species, all based on modifications of the characters already adopted by him. HISTORICAL SKETCH 13 _ Lahille proposed in 1904 a classification founded on the same characters formerly used, the proboscis and palpi, also adopting some of Theobald’s scale characters. He introduced in addition a new character, the narrowing of the wing and the consequent shortening of the forked cells, as indicating specializa- tion for rapid flight. He adopted two tribes, based on the presence or absence of a long proboscis, the Corethrinz and Culicine. The latter he divided into three groups, founded on the length of the palpi, the Macropselaphes, Hete- ropselaphes, and Micropselaphes. Each of these groups contained two sub- tribes, characterized by wing differences; these differences he expresses in the terms Protopteres and Teleopteres. Thus the Lynchiellina (Lynchiella pro- posed as a substitute for Megarhinus) are supposed to be derived from the Anophelina, the Toxorhynchitina from the Culicina and the Uranoteniina from the Aédina. In the same year Lutz (in Bourroul) offered a new arrangement in which the order of importance of the old characters was shifted. After removing the Anopheline and Ankylorhynche (Megarhinine) he, for the first time, em- ployed consistently the character of the presence or absence of sete on the post- notum of the mesothorax, formulating two groups, the Metanotopsile and the Metanototriche. In consequence the character of length of palpi is employed secondarily and repeated in the two groups under the names Heteropalpe and Micropalpe. In addition a number of new genera and two new subfamilies, Hemagogine and Dendromyine, are proposed. His general scheme was the nearest approach to a natural classification so far reached, and a great advance. It was adopted by Theobald in the fourth volume of his monograph (1907), without, however, codrdinating his many previously established genera. In 1904 Felt redefined certain genera, largely on the basis of the male geni- talia, and proposed some new generic terms. In 1905, Dyar continued the classi- fication of Felt and proposed some additional names. Early that year Dyar separated the forms with short proboscis as a separate family, Corethride, and included in it the genus Diza, the position of which had, until then, been con- sidered uncertain. Independently Eysell, also in 1905, considered the Culicids and Corethrids to represent separate families and further elevated the Ano- phelines to family rank, as Anophelida. The corethrid forms were already excluded by Blanchard in 1900, and the family Culicide restricted to the forms with piercing mouth-parts; in this he was followed by several authors. It is said that Rondani, already in 1856, established the family Corethride. In 1906 Dyar and Knab published a classification founded upon larval char- acters, the adult not being taken into consideration. A number of new generic and specific names were proposed. The paper marks a departure from the old methods in that the historic adult characters were first definitely abandoned. In the same year Christophers published on the larvee of mosquitoes, however, without a definite classification. He proposed a new genus, Jamesia, for certain predaceous larvee. Mitchell, in a paper on the mouth parts of mosquito larve, gave great importance to the modifications of the larval mandibles and maxille and raised the genera Deinocerites and Psorophora to subfamily rank. 14 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Early in 1906 Coquillett published a paper in which the genus Culex, as gener- ally understood, was divided on a scheme based on characters of scales, of coloration and of the female claws. T'wo new genera are proposed. Later in the same year Coquillett published a classification of the American Culicide which attempted to harmonize the generally accepted ideas of the classification of the imagos with the new facts brought out by others in the study of the larve. The palpi as a primary basis of division are definitely abandoned, the presence or absence of lobes on the scutellum forming the first division, and the subfamily Aedinz is discarded. Coquillett recognized seven subfamilies, Anophelinz, Megarhininz, Psorophorine, Culicine, Deinoceritine, Uranoteniine, and Tri- choprosponinz. He also added several new genera. In 1907 Theobald’s fourth volume appeared. He excludes the corethrine forms but otherwise adopts Lutz’s modification of his classification. Ten sub- families are recognized with 104 genera. The characters of the subfamilies are essentially those given to genera in the first volume; the characters of the genera are now based almost wholly upon modifications of the vestiture, in some cases on peculiarities present only in one sex. The palpi are utilized as a primary character and in consequence, where only one sex was known, the posi- tion of the insect was assumed. An attempt is made to restrict the genus Culex on genitalic characters, but it is not carried out consistently and the genus is left as a recipient for miscellaneous residue. Other inconsistencies appear, which add to the inherent difficulties of Theobald’s classification. Dyar and Knab published in this year a classification based on adult char- acters, excluding all secondary sexual characters and all founded upon the vestiture, recognizing the Corethrine and Culicine as subfamilies and dividing the latter into two tribes, Culicini and Sabethini. In 1908, Williston, in the third edition of his “ Manual of North American Diptera,” adopts this classi- fication. A modification of this classification is employed in the present work. In 1908 a work by Peryasst, on the mosquitoes of Brazil, appeared. It fol- lowed closely the classification of Lutz as elaborated by Theobald. Two new genera and a number of new species appear. The systematic part is followed by chapters on the larve, biology, and kindred subjects. Here the subfamily Stegomyine is created on larval characters and the following genera included in it: Stegomyia, Carrollia, Stegoconops, Gualteria, Hamagogus, and Bancroftia. In addition to the works discussed many genera have been founded by different workers who have very generally accepted the Theobaldian classification, often even exceeding him in the differentiation of scale characters. It is not necessary to enumerate these here. It should, however, be pointed out that the differences in the interpretation of the terminology of scale characters has caused great confusion and much burdensome synonymy. Mention should be made of some works which, while they have not contributed new ideas on classification, are nevertheless important. In 1900 appeared Giles’s “ Handbook of the Gnats or Mosquitoes.” It marks an epoch in that it was the first attempt to bring together the knowledge of the mosquitoes of the world. Of necessity it was largely a compilation, but it contains identification tables HISTORICAL SKETCH 15 and much valuable information. In 1902 Giles published a second edition of his work and in this the classification was adjusted as far as possible in accord- ance with the Theobaldian views. In 1904 he published “A Revision of the Anophelina” which follows closely the scheme laid down in Theobald’s third volume. In 1905 Blanchard published “Les Moustiques,” which brings together in most convenient form our knowledge of mosquitoes up to that time, both from the systematic and the medical and economic sides. It contains a very complete bibliography and on that account is a most invaluable work. The classification followed is that of Theobald, but set forth much more clearly than by its author. There are many emendations and changes in nomenclature in accordance with the laws of priority. In conclusion, some remarks as to the merits of the different systems of classi- fication seem called for. It is generally agreed that the best classification of any group of animals is a natural one; that is, one that agrees with the phylogeny of the group. To determine what characters are natural ones in this sense, considerable experi- ence is required, not only with the group under study, but with characters of insects in general. No single set of characters should be used, but the subject approached from all possible points of view. There are certain general principles that must not be violated. For example, generalized forms must not be derived from specialized ones, and this will apply to special organs and to any stage of the insect. Superficial characters, or those that are readily affected by adaptation or specially useful to the insect, should not be made the basis of fundamental divisions. Characters that appear in one sex only are un- desirable to use. These represent, as Williston says, evolutional instability ; for it often happens that a modification of an old character will appear in one sex first, and be gradually transferred to the other sex. Therefore where characters, not primarily related to reproduction, differ in the sexes, it may be considered that such species have not reached equilibrium, and the use of their characters for groups higher than specific is not warranted. Viewed from this point, it must appear that the classification of the mos- quitoes has pursued a vicious course from the beginning. The first separation of genera by Meigen was based on secondary sexual characters; the second separation, that of Desvoidy, made use of superficial adaptational characters of vestiture, thus violating from the beginning the principles above laid down. Arribalzaga continued in the same course, adding to the undesirable list other more detailed, and therefore more objectionable, characters of a secondary sexual nature. Meigen’s introduction of the relative length of the palpi in the two sexes was particularly unfortunate. It was based upon a very few forms and indicated in the most superficial way, and more than anything else hindered a more exact study of the Culicide. In fact no attempts to understand the palpi of the different forms structurally were made until very recently by Neveu- Lemaire (1902) and Felt (1905). 16 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Theobald’s extensive monograph was based essentially upon the work of his predecessors. He brought forward the excellent character of the presence or absence of sete upon the postnotum, but did not rank it sufficiently high. He studied carefully the shape and distribution of the scales, and came to depend more and more largely upon them as the principal character in the separation of genera. Wiedemann, Loew, and Williston rightly discarded Desvoidy’s genera Psorophora and Sabethes as being founded upon superficial characters of vestiture. The same objection, only with increased force, applies to all the genera founded on scale-characters. We now recognize Psorophora and Sabethes on other characters, but this does not invalidate the principle laid down above that superficial adaptational characters should not be made the basis of generic definition. They are of specific value only. It is true that these characters may in many cases show true affinities, but discrepancies would not become apparent to a student working with only one set of characters. Nevertheless discrepancies are likely to occur at any time whenever the character in question becomes affected by adaptation, so that a natural system will not result. Theobald’s comprehensive work stimulated many students to attack the sub- ject, but for the most part they revolved in the same orbit, and the weeding out of the unreliable characters proceeded very slowly until Dyar and Knab ap- proached the subject from a new standpoint, that of the larva. The subject of the characters shown by the larva was independently taken up by Christophers, who discussed the larve of India. The species there seem to exhibit the same problems as the North American ones, all the principal types being represented, both vegetable-feeding and predaceous, except the sabethine forms, which seem not to have come under his observation. Christophers duly comments on the numerous unlike types which have been heretofore included under the name Culex, but does not separate them out under definite names. His new genus, founded for Culex concolor and C. tigripes, seems undoubtedly valid, for the larve are of a most peculiar type, unlike anything familiar to us, and the adults should be examined for generic characters. At about the same time Felt, and also Dyar, used the modifications of the male genitalia as the basis of generic separation and definition. It is obvious that genera founded upon larve or male genitalia violate none of the principles laid down above, and the only objection to be urged against them is one of con- venience. Not all the specimens received for determination are bred, nor are both sexes always represented. Moreover, the proper association of male and female is not always certain, while the proper examination of the structure of the male genitalia requires the practical destruction of the specimen and consid- erable time. It seems therefore advisable to restrict the characters used in generic definition to those found in both sexes of the adult. Stimulated by this work, Coquillett produced a classification in which the objectionable characters were almost entirely eliminated as far as the sub- families were concerned. They would have been completely so except for the attempt to recognize the subfamilies proposed by Mitchell. In the genera he failed to introduce new and valid characters, for the reason that it was im- BIBLIOGRAPHY 17 possible to do so and retain the genera proposed by Theobald. Nevertheless, this classification is a distinct advance upon anything at that time proposed, although in it, in common with most others, all the groups are disproportionately magnified. The “subfamilies ” are of no greater value than subtribes. In this view we concur with Lahille and Williston, who have criticized this tendency to exaggeration. Following Coquillett’s work, Dyar and Knab produced a paper in which an attempt was made to separate not only the higher groups, but also the genera, on unobjectionable structural characters, and their arrangement was adopted by Williston. We here adopt the same scheme, with sundry minor corrections. In conclusion attention must be called to the very excellent revisional work on Old World Culicide accomplished in the last few years by F. W. Edwards of the British Museum. A great deal of unsuspected synonymy has been estab- lished and the species grouped in natural genera, due cognizance being taken of genitalic and larval characters. While Mr. Edwards draws his genera some- what more closely, he having been unwilling to discard altogether the secondary sexual characters, his results in the main harmonize very well with those herein set forth. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR THE HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION LinnakEus, Cazotus. Systema Nature. Regnum animale, ed. 10 (Culex, p. 602-603), 1758. (Reprint: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xi, 30, 1909.) Mercen, J. W. Systematische Beschreibung der pekannten Europaischen zweifitige- ligen Insekten, part 1. (Culex, Anopheles, Aédes, pp. 1-10.) 1818. RospinEau-DEsvopwy, J. B. Essai sur la tribu des culicides. Mémoires de la Société @histoire naturelle de Paris, m, 390-413, 1827. Lyncn ARRiBhizaGa, Féiix. Dipterologia Argentina. Culicidae. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 1, 347-877; 1, 133-174, pls. 1-5. 1891. WILERDOR, S. W. On the Diptera of St. Vincent. Trans. Entom. Soc. London for 1896, 258-446 (Culicide, p. 270-272, pl. viii, figs. 28, 29, 30; pl. ix, fig. 31). 1896. Gus, G. M. A handbook of the gnats or mosquitoes. xii-+ 374 pp. London, 1900. BiancHarD, R. Instructions @ l’usage des médecins, des naturalistes et des voyag- eurs, rédigées au nom de la commission du paludisme. Bull. de l’Acad. de Médecine, (3), xxiv, 3 juillet, 1900. (p. 31, Corethridae.) Grassi, Battista. Studi di uno zoologo sulla malaria, 2 ed. (Anopheline, Culicine, pp. 95-112). Roma, 1901. THEOBALD, F. V. The classification of mosquitoes. Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 229-235, 1901. ——. A monograph of the Culicide or mosquitoes, 1, xviii + 424 pp.; u, viii + 391 . 1901. Henan RapHakL. Observations sur quelques Moustiques. Comptes Rendus hebdom. Soc. Biol., Paris, tr, 1045-1046. 1901. . Nevevu-Lemare. Sur la classification des Culicides. C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, xv, 1329- 1832. 1902. Classification de la famille des Culicide. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xv, 195- 227, 12 figs. 1902. ; Gitzs, G. M. A handbook of the gnats or mosquitoes. 2 ed., xii + 530 pp., figs., pls. 1902. THEOBALD, F. a The classification of the Anophelina. Jour. Trop. Med., v, 181-183, 1902 BLANCHARD, R. Sur le démembrement des Anopheline. C.R. hebd. Soc. Biol., Paris, Liv, 794-795. 1902. THEOBALD, F. V. A monograph of the Culicide or mosquitoes, m1, xviii + 359 pp. 1903. Lauite, F. Notes sur la classification des moustiques. (Hatrait de Actas y Trabajos del Segundo Congreso Médico Latino-Americano, tomo 11) 23 pp., 4 figs., 1 chart. Buenos Ayres, 1904. 18 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Lutz, A., in: Bourroul, Celestino. Mosquitos do Brasil. Thesis, 78 pp. Bahia, 1904. Fett, E. P. Mosquitoes or Culicide of New York State. N. Y. State Museum Bull. 79, 241-400, pls. 1-57. 1904. Generic revision of Culicide. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 79, appendix, 391a- 3917. 1904. Grzs, G. M. A revision of the Anopheline. 47 pp., figs. London, 1904. Dyar, Harrison G. Our present knowledge of North American corethrid larve. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vir, 13-16, figs. 1905. Remarks on genitalic genera in the Culicide. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vu, 42-49, 1 fig. 1905. Bysett, Apotr. Sind die “ Culiciden” eine Familie? Archiv f. Schiffs- u. Tropen- Hyg., ix, 49-55, 1905; Abh. Ber. Ver. Nat. Kassel, xrrx, 16-24. 1905. Nachtrag zu “ Sind die Culiciden eine Familie?” Arch. Schiffs- u. Tropen- Hyg., rx, 275. 1905. BLANCHARD, RapHAkL, Les Moustiques. xiv + 673 pp., figs., Paris, 1905. Fewt, E. P. Studies in Culicide. N. Y¥. State Mus. Bull. 97, 442-497, pls. 1-19. 1905. THEOBALD, FRED. V. Culicide. Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 26; 50 pp., 2 pls. 1905. Dyar, Hazgison G., and Freperick Knap. The larve of Culicide classified as inde- pendent organisms. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 169-230, pls. iv-xvi. 1906. CueristopHeErs, S. R. On the importance of larval characters in the classification of mosquitoes. Scient. Mem. by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Depart- ments of the Government of India, new series, no. 25, 18 pp., 3 pls. 1906. MitcHett, Evetyn G. Mouth parts of mosquito larve as indicative of habits. Psyche, x11, 11-21, figs. 1906. Coqguittetr, D. W. On breaking-up of the old genus Culex. Science, n. s., xxm, 312-314. 1906. A classification of the mosquitoes of North and Middle America. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., Techn. Ser. no. 11, 31 pp., 1 fig. 1906. THEOBALD, Frep. V. A monograph of the Culicids or mosquitoes, rv, xx + 639 pp., figs., pls. 1907. Dyarz, Hagrgison G., and Freperick Knas. On the classification of the mosquitoes. Canad. Ent., xxxrx, 47-50. 1907. Wruiston, SAMUEL W. Manual of North American Diptera, 3 ed., 405 pp., figs. (Culicide, 96-109). 1908. PERgyasst, ANTONIO GongaLves. Os Culicideos do Brazil. Trabalho do Instituto de Manguinhos. 409 pp., figs., pls. Rio de Janeiro, 1908. THEOBALD, Frep. V. A monograph of the Culicide or mosquitoes, v, xiv + 646 pp., figs., pls. 1910. Epwarps, F. W. The African species of Culex and allied genera. Bull. Ent. Re- search, m1, 241-268. 1911. ———. A synopsis of the species of African Culicidz, other than Anopheles. Bull. Ent. Res., mi, 1-53. 1912. ——. Revised keys to the known larve of African Culicine. Bull. Ent. Res., m1, 373-385. 1912. ACCOUNT OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. Tribe SABETHINI. The proboscis is well developed, sometimes with a central transverse suture in the male. Eyes large, sometimes excessively so, becoming contiguous on the vertex and produced forward to touch the clypeus. Palpi always small in the female, the joints more or less reduced in number; usually also short in the male, though in some forms about as long as the proboscis. Antenne with the joints of the shaft subequal in the female, all but the last two sometimes shortened in the male, although not to an extreme extent, and frequently very similar to the antenne of the female. Vertex with a pair of very large and coarse bristles inserted near ocular angles and projecting forward and downward. Vestiture of scales well-developed, the occiput smoothly scaled, the erect forked scales either absent or condensed into a collar-like row on the posterior margin of the occiput. Mesonotum without sete on the disk, the sete present only along the margin or over the roots of the wings. Postnotum with a group of small sete on its posterior portion. Abdomen subcylindrical or compressed, the tip bluntly rounded, the terminal sete usually abundant. Wings moderate, the veins well- scaled, but without any diversity or pattern of markings. Legs usually long, sometimes distinctly long, in some instances decorated with outstanding scales in the form of fringes or “ paddles”; claws generally simple in both sexes, always so in the female, sometimes with teeth or serrations in the male. Colora- tion generally more or less metallic, often brilliantly blue. The imagos hold their legs in a peculiar and very characteristic manner, both when at rest and during flight. The hind legs are raised above the body and bent forward so that the ends of the tarsi approach the head. The larvee are at once distinguishable from those of all other Culicide by the absence of the median ventral brush of the last abdominal segment. This brush is represented by a pair of hairs or hair-tufts, placed laterally below the dorsal plate of this segment. The larve present a characteristic appearance, both in form and coloration. The latter is always pale yellow throughout, relieved only by a dark margin of the foramen of the head and sometimes a dark margin of the dorsal plate and base of breathing tube. The head is broad and flattened, rounded in front and widest posteriorly. The antennal shaft is small, slender, and smooth. The mouth-brushes are dense but never as long and abundant as in most culicines. The small accessory eye-spots alone are visible until shortly before pupation. The thorax is broad, quadrate. The lateral hairs of the body 19 20 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA are long, the dorsal and ventral ones often developed into several series of stellate tufts. The breathing-tube is always present and presents considerable diversity in shape and vestiture. The pecten is either absent or inconspicuous. The apical orifice of the tube is small and the closing mechanism is not so highly developed as in the culicines. The pupe differ from those of all other Culicide by the presence of ample hair-tufts at the apical angles of the seventh and eighth abdominal segments. The paddles are comparatively small and of irregular outline, never broad and rounded, as in the culicines. The color of the pupa is usually pale yellow, like the larve, although in some forms the dorsum is dark or marked with a dark pattern. : This tribe presents on the whole more specialization than the Culicini, and we therefore place it first. It presents, it is true, many generalized characters, and if one were to dwell upon these the decision might easily be reached to place the group last. It is, however, compact, its members agree in structure and in life-habits; they are separated by a considerable discontinuous interval from the Corethrine, from which the Culicini more naturally lead up. We therefore begin with this group, not desiring to interpolate it between the Culicini and Corethrinz, the only other possible position. The Sabethini are essentially of tropical distribution, only one species, Wye- omyia smith, Coquillett, extending the range of the tribe into temperate lati- tudes. The larve inhabit the water collected in plants, usually between leaves or the bracts of flowers, more rarely that in the hollows of trees; in some cases the amount of fluid is very scant and of a thick or gummy nature, apparently secreted by the plant. The eggs are generally laid upon the young or still dry leaves, and do not hatch until the advent of water. The detailed habits, so far as known, will be described under the separate species. Certain of the larve are predaceous, generally upon members of their own tribe. Members of this tribe were first recognized by F. V. Theobald, who in 1901 defined the first genera in which the presence of sete on the postnotum was used as a diagnostic character. He did not segregate them into a separate group, as he dwelt more particularly on the differences in length of the palpi and other less important or sexual characters; however, in his original table of genera (Mon. Culicid., i, pp. 97-98, 1901) his section A corresponds to the Culicini as here treated, his sections B and C together to the Sabethini, and his section D to the Corethrine. This classification approached the one at present adopted by us. Mr. Theobald, however, never elaborated it upon this basis, but departed from it, and in his fourth volume adopts a distinctly inferior system, in which the character of the sete upon the postnotum is obscured, and the mosquitoes are divided into no less than 10 “ subfamilies,” based upon characters of no more than generic value. Adolpho Lutz was the first to unite the forms of this group (under the name Metanototriche), but in too subordinated a manner. He again subdivided them into two groups on the length of the male palpi, Heteropalpx and Micropalpz. Theobald had already, in 1901, established a subfamily (Trichoprosoponina) for the forms in which scales are present on the post- TRIBE SABETHINI 21 notum in addition to the sete. The character does not even hold for genera. Dyar and Knab, in their paper on the classification of mosquitoes upon larval characters, readily recognized the proper division, which is well marked in the larvee, but made the mistake of retaining the anophelines in a separate “ sub- family,” giving a too great value to the sessile air-tube of these forms, which is simply a character of generalization and does not indicate taxonomic discon- nection. The discovery of new forms brought to light an apparent sabethine among the relatives of Deinocerites, a culicine genus. At least this new form possessed setze upon the postnotum and was christened Dinomimetes, in allusion to the “wonderful mimicry” of Deinocerites, of which a sabethine was capable. Further study of this form showed that it was in fact a near relative of Deinocerites, having practically identical male genitalia and larve, and while the name is still excellently descriptive, we have to do with a Deinocerites that “wonderfully mimics” the structure of a sabethine, instead of the reverse. This discovery, and the recently made one that small bristles sometimes occur on the postnotum of the culicine Hamagogus, vitiates the distinction hitherto drawn between the Culicini and Sabethini, and we have found ourselves obliged to search for supplementary characters. We believe we have found these in the presence of the two coarse bristles on the vertex and the short hind femora, together with the absence of sete from the disk mesonotum as described above. Characters of generalization retained by the Sabethini are the weak develop- ment of sete, the absence of armature on the claws of the feet and the presence of sete upon the postnotum. In the larve the mouth-parts are primitive and largely remain functional, not being replaced in use by the oral cilia as much as in the culicines, the raptorial forms using the maxille as organs of prehen- sion; the mechanism of 5 flaps for closing the air-tube seen in most Culicini is here undeveloped. Characters of specialization are the marked reduction of the palpi and the - decrease in the number of the joints, generally affecting both sexes, and the broadening of the wing-scales and the loss of pattern and diversified coloration. The larve all possess long, well-developed air-tubes, as well as many of the pupe, even producing such a peculiar monstrosity as the pupa of Wyeomyia circum- cincta. The male genitalia are for the most part peculiarly modified, but in the simplest forms resemble those of the megarhinines or of the lowest culicines, and are not so generalized as those of the anophelines. The origin of the Sabethini would seem to be at a point in the genealogical tree in the vicinity of Megarhinus and Orthopodomyia, above Uranotenia and Aédeomyia. No form from which they could be directly derived seems to be now existant. Exclusive of the anophelines, which represent an evolutionary stage too primitive for our present consideration, the ancestral larva would appear to have been an inhabitant of water in hollow trees or the leaves of plants, combining the characters of Orthopodomyia and Megarhinus. It was no doubt a vegetable feeder, consuming considerable solid matter in the larval state. The adult was probably brilliantly colored, with the smooth vestiture of 22 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Megarhinus and the simple male genitalia of Megarhinus and Orthopodomyia. If this view is correct, the absence of the ventral brush in the larve of the Sabe- thini is to be explained as the loss of a character originally present in the ances- tors of the group. This structure functions as a steering organ or rudder during the progression of the larva through the water, and is present in all the other Culicide. In the Culicini the brush is not present in the first larval stage, appearing only at the first ecdysis, so that if the structure were disadvantageous to the Sabethini it may have become entirely suppressed. That it may have been disadvantageous seems reasonable to suppose from the following considera- tion: We will suppose the structure originally present in a larva inhabiting holes in trees where the water, although sometimes scanty, generally has a considerable depth. The structure would then still be useful. However, as the sabethids developed, they became more and more adapted -to inhabit the water between the leaves or flowers of plants, which is generally contained in very small or narrow receptacles. In such situations the ventral brush would be in the way, and its elimination would be an advantage. Again, if this derivation be correct, we must consider the presence of sete upon the postnotum as an acquired character and not one of generalization, representing an originally hairy and functional condition of this structure ; for there are no sete upon the postnotum of the anophelines, nor of any of the other Culicini, except in the specialized Dinomimetes and Hemagogus, which are not related to the Sabethini. We are unaware of the functional importance of this structure, if indeed it has any, and are unable to suggest why it should have arisen. Its sporadic appearance in wholly unrelated genera of Culicini reduces its importance. We observe that sete appear likewise in an apparently sporadic manner upon the postnotum of some Tipulide, so that perhaps this character is of no fundamental value in the Diptera. However, in the case of the Sabethini, the setz of the postnotum are correlated with a number of well-marked char- acters, and, while this character seems insignificant, it nevertheless indicates a natural and distinct group. TABLES OF GENERA OF THE TRIBE SABETHINI* ADULTS. 1. Eyes separated by at least a narrow area; prothoracic lobes collar-like....... 2 Eyes broadly contiguous above; prothoracic lobes sublateral................ 6 2. Prothoracic lobes contiguous or closely approximated dorsally.............. 3 Prothoracic lobes well separated........... ccc cece cence ne en rene enececcees 3. Front femora shorter than the middle ones. ..Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy (p. 23) Front femora as long as the middle oOneS.......... eee e cece cee cee e eee eees 4 4. Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip................0--- Sabethinus Lutz (p. 31) Proboscis long and slender..............ceeeeeee Sabethoides Theobald (p. 87) , 5. Hind tarsi with 2 claws, normal.............eeee0e Wyeomyia Theobald (p. 49) Hind tarsi with but 1 claw........... cece ee eee eee Limatus Theobald (p. 40) 6. Proboscis long and slender throughout.......... cc cece ccc cece cece ween cece 7 Proboscis short, swollen at tip; clypeus scaled....... Prosopolepis Lutz (p. 160) 7. Clypeus with set@........ ccc cee cce enc ececeneens Joblotia Blanchard (p. 175) Clypeus DUC... ce eee cece eect tee e eee eecene Lesticocampa Dyar & Knab (p. 162) 1 See page 185 for remarks on unrecognized genera. SABETHES 23 MALE GENITALIA, 7 s Joblotia Blanchard (p. 175) 1. Clasp-filament simple ...............e000. | Lesticocampa Dyar & Knab (p. 162) Wyeomyia Theobald (p. 49) r F er Limatus Theobald (p. 40) Clasp-filament modified and divided....... Sabethinus Lutz (p. 31) Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy (p. 23) The following genera are not included, as we possess no males: Sabethoides Theobald, Prosopolepis Lutz. LARVA, 1. Lateral comb present on eighth segment............ 0c cece cece cece ceeceeee 2 No lateral comb on eighth segment................ Joblotia Blanchard (p. 175) 2. Air-tube spicular; maxille heavily armed................ cece cccccecececce 3 ‘ : , : Wyeomyia Theobald (p. 49) Air-tube smooth; maxilla without heavy armature. { Limatus Theobald (p. 40) 8. Head normal, the mouth-parts not visible from above... Sabethinus Lutz (p. 31) Head with the mandibles and maxille greatly developed Lesticocampa Dyar & Knab (p. 162) The following genera are not included, the larve being unknown: Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy, Sabethoides Theobald, and Prosopolepis Lutz. Genus SABETHES Robineau-Desvoidy. Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy, Mém. Soc. d’hist. nat. Paris, iii, 411, 1827. Sabettus Scudder, Bull. 19, U. S. Nat. Mus., i, 297, 1882. Sabethes Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. del Mus. de La Plata, i, 373, 1891. Sabethes Giles (in part), Gnats or Mosq., 183, 1900. Sabethes Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 285, 1901. (Without species.) Sabethes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., i, 247, 1901. Sabethes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., ii, 345, 1901. Sabethes Giles, Gnats or Mosgq,, 2 ed., 475, 1902. ‘3 Sabethes Neveu-Lemaire, Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 1331, 1902. Sabethes Neveu-Lemaire, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xv, 225, 1902. Sabethes Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 321, 1903. Sabethes Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 56, 1904. Sabethes Lahille, Class. des moust., 18, 1904. Sabettus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 420, 1905. Sabethes Theobald, Gen. Ins., Culic., 39, 1905. Sabethes Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 28, 1906. Sabethes Dyar & Knab (in part), Can. Ent., xxxix, 49, 1907. Sabethes Theobald, Mon. Culicid., iv, 594, 1907. Sabethes PeryassG, Os Culic. do Brazil, 38, 1908. Sabethes Williston (in part), No. Amer. Dipt., 3 ed., 108, 1908. Sabethes Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 41, 1909. Sabetes Pazos (in part), San. y Ben., ii, 44, 1909. Sabethes Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 574, 1910. The type species are: of Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy, type Sabethes locuples Robineau-Desvoidy; of Sabettus Scudder, type Sabethes locuples Robineau- Desvoidy. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF ADULT: Head moderate; proboscis rather short, swollen at apex; palpi short in both sexes; eyes large, contiguous at vertex; antenne with the joints subequal, similar in the sexes, sparsely plumose, each joint with a whorl of long hairs near base and a small one near apex. Prothoracic lobes large, contiguous dorsally. Vestiture of flat ap- pressed scales, without sete on the disk of the mesonotum. Abdomen of female sub- cylindrical, blunt at tip, laterally compressed. Legs long and slender, the mid femora longer than the front or hind ones, with large projecting, flattened scale-tufts, most developed on the middle legs. Wings rather narrow, the cross-veins tending to lie in line, or the basal one beyond the anterior, but subject to variation. Claws of female small, equal, and simple. Male with claws on the middle legs subequal, one of them expanded and serrated at the broad apex. Male genitalia with the clasp filament greatly modified. The life histories and the larve are entirely unknown. 24 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Forested regions of tropical America. The genus Sabethes was established on the peculiar scaling of the legs, and was discarded by subsequent authors as insufficiently founded. Arribalzaga apparently had no specimens before him, and makes the erroneous supposition that the males have long palpi. Theobald places the genus wrongly in his first volume, having not noted the sete upon the postnotum, but corrects the matter in a footnote. He still uses the leg-tufts to define the genus. We are able to adduce more reliable characters for the genus, which is a good one. The type of Sabethes is obviously Sabethes locuples, as Desvoidy mentions this first, describes it as new, and it was the only species before him. He quotes Fabricius’s description of Culex longipes as possibly belonging to the genus. Blanchard is, therefore, incorrect in citing longipes Fabricius as the type of Sabethes. Nothing is known of the early stages and very little about the life history of the genus. The adults are diurnal, inhabiting forests. Concerning a Brazilian species, for which we propose the name Sabethes goeldii,* Prof. Dr. Goeldi says: “The mosquitoes of the genus Sabethes are frequent in the forests, even in the municipal grove, in Utinga and in Murutuci. They follow persons from the time they enter the woods until they leave them again, but it is seldom that it happens that they actually bite. The specimen which served as the model for our colored figure entered during bright sunlight at midday on the 20th of October, 1903, from the garden, through the window into the residence of the director. It was captured in a large glass tube and died some hours afterwards; it gave ample time to appreciate its exquisite attitude of flight and fix it in a sketch, the absolute fidelity of which we guarantee. ‘The front legs are elevated in the form of an S; the middle pair are lowered and raised in an abrupt curve over the abdomen until the tips almost touch the hind margin of the thorax; while the hind pair is kept raised. This flight has a very elegant appearance, the mosquito, as if it wished to be admired, remains stationary in the air, now here, now there, for some little time, simply vibrating its wings. “That the females accept blood we verified with certainty with a number of individuals; 7 other specimens were fed with honey and water, refusing blood. These remained alive from 1 to 5 days without laying eggs. All attempts to obtain the eggs or larvee were fruitless.” (Os Mosquitos no Para, 1905, p. 128.) The large size of these mosquitoes, and their rareness, leads us to surmise that the larve are predaceous, perhaps inhabiting bromeliads. All the large Culicide, as far as known, have predaceous larve; the large size is without doubt due to the richer larval nourishment and also is necessary to enable the larve to cope * Sabethes goeldti, new species.—Founded on Dr. Goeldi’s figure (Os Mosquitos no Par&, 1905, pL ee 18) and a specimen from Trinidad (F. W. Urich). Type: Cat. No. 19640, U. S. ‘at. Mus. Female: Proboscis short, gradually swollen to the tip; palpi about one-third as long as proboscis. Occiput, mesonotum, and abdomen above metallic green and blue. Legs with paddle- shaped tufts on all three pairs, those on the middle legs the largest; fore legs with narrow paddles involving the tibia and first tarsal joint black, second to fourth tarsal joints white; middle legs with large paddies on the outer two-thirds of tibia and first tarsal joint, continued narrowly on second and third joints, black, second to fourth joints white-scaled, tible white above the ciliation; hind legs very narrowly ciliate on outer half of tibie, rather broadly so on apical half of first tarsal joint, black, fourth and fifth joints white, extreme tip of latter black. The following table will separate the known species of Sabethes: i. Middle legs only with t0ftss «64 2 ccs ngce sd ome ee 649-4 9-6 00 04.5 CANOE EC Rw de eee eeowe Front legs also with small tufts, none on hind legs Front and hind legs also with small tufts........ . Tuft on mid tibia only, not on tarsus.... Tuft on mid tibia and tarsus.......... . No white on the legs...... aivaviai‘a sat ov nyaneverereria a Apical part of fringe on middle legs white...... ace Riga 4 bipartipes Dyar & Knab . Basal cross-vein beyond the anterior crogs-veln...... 0... cece cece cee oe Cross-velns coincident, or the anterior within............0cecee. eredvece Gihtnelous Theobald . Tars! marked with white........... he lbceGe eine re reer eee SPMEEEA ER OE RE Se EER 6 ant Fk Ow Legs without white markings..... fee 46K M ERR Te Cer e rrr lutzit Theobald . Fore tars! white on second to fourth Joints..................goeldu Howard, Dyar & Knab Fore tarsi black, with a white line on apical half of second joint...... schaus¢ Dyar & Knab SABETHES TARSOPUS 25 successfully with their prey. The rarity of predaceous forms is conditioned by their limited food-supply. TABLES OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS SABETHES. ADULTS, STRUCTURE AND COLORATION. 1, Middle legs only with tufts.......... 0... cc cece cece cece eeeeeececceeceees 2 Front legs also with small fringes; none on hind legs tarsopus Dyar & Knab (p. 25) 2. No white OL THE LOS ici. 3 snnais esta we eee ds alewees 2% cyaneus Fabricius (p. 26) Apical part of fringe of middle legs white....... bipartipes Dyar & Knab (p. 30) ADULTS, MALE GENITALIA, 1. Clasp-filament greatly modified and distorted........ cyaneus Fabricius (p. 28) The species tarsopus Dyar & Knab and bipartipes Dyar & Knab are not in- cluded, as we possess no males. No larve are known in this genus. SABETHES TARSOPUS Dyar & Knab. Sabethes longipes Coquillett (not Fabricius), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 28, 1906. Sabethes longipes Busck (not Fabricius), Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 71, 1908. Sabethes tarsopus Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 62, 1908. OricINAL DESCRIPTION OF SABETHES TARSOPUS: Female.—Proboscis moderately long, slender, swollen at the apex, clothed with black scales, with a metallic blue luster; palpi black-scaled, with blue luster; pro- thoracic lobes brilliantly blue-scaled; mesonotum similar, becoming paler in color with a greenish silvery tinge on the scutellum; pleura and coxe silver-scaled; metano- tum with a group of bristles near the apex, its surface clothed with flat silver scales; postscutellum brilliantly light blue-scaled; abdomen with metallic blue scales above and at the sides, beneath silvery white-scaled, the colors separated in a straight line; tip of the abdomen with coarse black bristles; legs mostly metallic blue-scaled, with purple luster; the front and mid legs ciliate, hind pair simple; the front legs are ciliate on the apical half of the tibia and the base of the first tarsal joint, the ciliation following the upper and lower surfaces; the apical portion of the second and all of the following joints silvery white marked beneath; mid-legs with the ciliation on the apical half of the tibie and the first and second tarsal joints, very long along the dorsal margin of the tibia and first tarsal joint; second tarsal joint, including its ciliation, silvery white; third tarsal joint and most of the fourth silver-white, the apex of the fourth above and all of the fifth black-scaled; there is an elongate white spot on the ventral surface of the tibia just above the ciliation; hind legs without ciliation and with the fourth and fifth tarsal joints silver white on the inner side. Length 4.5 mm. Three specimens, Bocas del Toro, Panama, September 28, 1903 (P. Osterhout); Paraiso, Canal Zone, Panama, November 1, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Cérdoba, Mexico, March 16, 1908 (F. Knab). Type.—Cat. No. 11972, U. S. N. M. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF SABETHES TARSOPUS (MALE AND Larva UNKNowN): Female.—Proboscis rather short, slightly enlarged at tip, labelle conically tapered ; vestiture black with a blue reflection; sete fine, short, obliquely out- standing. Palpi moderate, about one-fourth as long as proboscis, uniform, black with a blue reflection. Clypeus elongate, narrow, truncate at tip, convex, strongly white pruinose. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint pale at base; tori subspherical with a cup-shaped apical exca- vation, black with a distinct white pruinosity; hairs of whorls rather long, sparse, black. Eyes very large, contiguous on vertex, partly inclosing the an- tennz and touching the clypeus, brown. Occiput clothed with flat black scales with a metallic blue and green reflection, a row of sete along margin of eyes; cheeks silver-scaled. Prothoracic lobes large, approximate dorsally, similarly colored to the meso- notum, but brighter. Mesonotum blackish brown, clothed with elliptical, flat, 26 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA blue and green scales, a patch of more brilliant ones over root of wing, accom- panied by some bristles. Scutellum trilobate, with broad, flat, brilliant blue and green scales, each lobe with a tuft of bristles. Postnotum elliptical, black, clothed dorsally with flat, appressed silvery-white scales, except posteriorly, where there is a small tuft of bristles. Pleurz and coxe brownish black, entirely clothed with flat, elliptical, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at tip, the dorsal vestiture deep metallic blue; first abdominal segment with metallic greenish-blue scales, silvery ones at sides, with some pale hairs ; venter silvery white, the colors separated in a nearly straight line on the sides, the scales roughened and suberect along mid-ventral line ; last two segments dark-blue scaled medially ; tip with many black bristles. Wings narrow, smoky infuscated ; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; cross-veins incident. Scales of veins broadly ovate or roundly triangular, brownish, metallic blue on the costa, densely overlapping, densest on the forks of second vein. Hal- teres blackish, except at base. Legs long and slender, scales on outer half of tibia and the first two tarsal joints of the mid legs long and strongly outstanding on two sides, forming paddles; slight paddles present on fore legs. Vestiture blue-black, femora and tibia with violet reflection, trochanters white; a patch of white scales on apex of hind femur; an elongate patch of white scales on mid tibiz between paddle and base: tarsi of middle legs with most of the scales on the second, all of the third and most of the fourth joints white; fourth joint with an elongate black apical mark above; fourth and fifth joints of hind tarsi white-scaled beneath. On the fore legs the paddles occupy the outer three-fourths of the tibe ; the third and fourth tarsal joints white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 5 mm.; wing 4.5 mm. In the specimen from Cérdoba the white on the tarsi is more extensive, par- ticularly on the front legs; here the white begins on the second joint, broadens on the third so that only a narrow dark dorsal line remains, and completely encircles the base of the fourth joint. The adults are rare and solitary, diurnal, and will bite man; they frequent forests. Mr. Knab captured an adult at Cérdoba, Mexico, flying out of a tree on which many bromeliaceous plants were growing, about 50 feet from the ground. He climbed the tree and carefully lowered the plants in the hope of finding the larve, but failed to discover them, although the bromelias contained numerous other insects and even frogs and their larvee. Southern Mexico and Central America. Cordoba, Mexico, adult captured March 16, 1908 (F. Knab); La Corina, Costa Rica, February 4, 1909 (W. Schaus) ; Bocas del Toro, Panama, September 28, 1903 (P. Osterhout) ; Paraiso, Canal Zone, Panama, November 1, 1907 (A. H. Jennings). SABETHES CYANEUS (Fabricius) Knab. Culex cyaneus Fabricius, Syst. Antliat., 35, 1805. Sabethes locuples Robineau-Desvoidy, Mém. soc. hist. nat. Paris, iii, 412, 1827. Culex cyaneus Robineau-Desvoidy, Mém. soc. hist. nat. Paris, iii, 405, 1827. Culex cyaneus Wiedemann, Aussereurop. zweifi. Ins., i, 6, 1828. Culex remipes Wiedemann, Aussereurop. zweifl. Ins., i, 573, 1828. Culex remipes Macquart, Hist. Nat. Ins. Dipt., i, 37, 1834. Culer fongtpes Macquart (not Fabricius), Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Lille, 1838, pt. 2, 38, Culex longipes Macquart (not Fabricius), Dipt. exot., i, pt. 1, 34, 1838. Oulex longipes Macquart (not Fabricius), Dipt. exot., suppl. i, 8, 1846. Culex remipes Schiner, Reise Novara, Dipt., 31, 1868. Sabethes remipes Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 185, 1900. Oulex cyaneus Giles, Gnats or Mosgq., 333, 1900. Sabethes remipes Theobald, Mon. Culicid., i, 248, 1901. SABETHES CYANEUS 27 Sabethes remipes Giles, Gnats or Mosq,, 2 ed., 476, 1902. Sabethes remipes Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 324, 1903. Sabethes remipes Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 67, 1904. Hemagogus cyaneus Blanchard (in part), Les moust., 412, 1905. Sabettus remipes Blanchard, Les moust., 422, 1905. Sabethes remipes Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Paré, 128, 1905. Sabethes remipes Felt, N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 97, 462, pl. 3, fig. 2, 1905. Sabethes locuples Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 28, 1906. Sabethes remipes Peryasst, Os Culic. do Brazil, 286, 1908. Sabethes locuples Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 71, 1908. Sabethes cyaneus Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xi, 154, 1909. Sabethes remipes Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 575, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTIONS OF CULEX CYANEUS: 9. C. cyaneus abdominis lateribus linea alba...............0 eee ee cece eens cyaneus Habitat in America meridionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. Lund. Magnitudo et statura C. pipientis. Caput cyaneum, haustello nigro. Thorax cyaneus. Abdomen planum, cyaneum: linea laterali alba. Pedes elongati, nigri, tibiis cupreis. OrigiInAL DESCRIPTION OF SABETHES LOCUPLES: Metallicé cyaneo-violaceus. Abdomen, maculis lateralibus trigonis argenteis. Pedes graciles, tibiis tarsisque intermediis dilatatis, densé ciliatis. Long. 4 lineas. Antenne, palpi, proboscisque nigra. Vertex ignitus. Thorax abdomenque metal- licé cyaneo-violacea; abdomine, maculis lateralibus trigonis argenteis nitidis. Pedes graciles, bruneo-violacei. Tibize tarsique intermedii dilatata, densé ciliata, nitidé violacea. Ale margine fuscane, nervis vVillosis. Hanc speciem non molestam infestamque existimo. Habitat in Brasilia. (Museum Dejeanianum.) ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF CULEX BEMIPES: Chalybeus; tibiis tarsisque mediis: illis apice, his basi late ciliatis. Stahlblau; Mittelschienen und Fiisse, jene an der Spitze, diese an der Wurzel breit gewimpert. 2% Linien ¢. Brasilien. Fiihler bréiunlich; Riissel und Kopf stahlblau: unten mit einigen Silberschtipp- chen. Mittel- und Hinterleib stahlblau, was zumal an letzterm ins Griinliche falit. Brustseiten, wie es scheint, griingolden; Bauch gelblich silberglanzend, so auch die Seitenrander der Hinterleibswurzel. Huifte silberbeschuppt; Beine sch6én stahlblau. Mittelste Schienen bis tiber die Halfte hinauf, und das ganze erste Glied der mit- telsten Fiisse lang und dicht gewimpert, so dass daraus ein grosses Ruder von eifoérmigem Umrisse und senkrechter Flache sich bildet (etwa so wie bei Lygaeus bilineatus, nur dass das Ruder hier eine Platte und nicht aus Wimpern gebildet ist) ; vorderste und hinterste Beine ohne alle Wimpern.—iIn Westermanns Sammlung. DESCRIPTION OF MALE AND FEMALE OF SABETHES CYANEUS (LARVA UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather short, slightly enlarged at tip, labelle conically tapered; vestiture black with a blue reflection; sete fine, short, obliquely out- standing. Palpi moderate, nearly one-third as long as proboscis, uniform, black with a blue reflection. Clypeus broadly triangular, rounded at tip, gray in middle, margins white pruinose. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint pale at base; tori subspherical, with a cup- shaped apical excavation, blackish with a distinct white pruinosity around rim; hairs long, rather numerous, black. Hyes very large, contiguous on vertex, partly inclosing the antenne and touching the clypeus, black. Occiput clothed with flat metallic-blue and violet scales, two sete at vertex; margin of eyes silvery at sides. Prothoracic lobes large, approximate dorsally, similarly colored to meso- notum ; a row of sete on anterior margin. Mesonotum blackish brown, clothed with broadly elliptical, flat, metallic-blue scales with a faint green reflection. Scutellum trilobate, with similar vestiture to the mesonotum, but more brilliant ; each lobe with a tuft of bristles. Postnotum elliptical, brown, with a central flattened carina, four long bristles behind; no scales. Pleure and coxe brownish black, entirely clothed with flat, elliptical, silvery-white scales. 28 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at tip, dorsal vestiture metallic blue. Ven- ter silvery white, the color separated in a nearly straight but not sharp line; scales suberect along medioventral line; tip with numerous black bristles. Wings narrow, faintly smoky infuscated ; petiole of second marginal cell half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell; basal cross-vein half its length beyond posterior cross-vein ; scales of veins moderate, broadly ovate or roundly triangular, black with metallic-green reflection, dense and broader on forks of second vein. Halteres blackish. Legs long and slender; scales on outer three-fourths of tibie and first two tarsal joints of the mid legs long and strongly outstanding on two sides, forming paddles ; no paddles present on fore and hind legs, although the scales are some- what roughened on tibize and base of first tarsal joint; vestiture metallic violet and blue, trochanters silvery white ; femora with a bronzy metallic reflec- tion beneath on the basal portion. Ciliation of paddles black with strong irides- cence in some lights. Claw formula, 0.0—-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 5 mm.; wing 4.5 mm. Male.—Proboscis as in the female, with a brassy line on under side, nearly to tip; palpi short, slender, about one-sixth as long as proboscis; antennz more plumose than those of the female, the last two joints long and slender, the rest progressively shorter toward the base, but all elongated ; each joint with a large basal whorl of hairs and a small subapical one. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen subcylindrical, slender, metallic blue above, with patches of yellowish silvery scales at apical lateral angles of segments, venter yellowish silvery, the scales raised along the median line; seventh segment much expanded, metallic- blue scaled above and beneath with yellowish-silvery apical and lateral margins ; tip with dense, coarse, black seta. Wings narrower than in the female, the vesti- ture somewhat less abundant. One claw of mid tarsi simple, the other with a lateral thickening nearly reaching the apex, finely subdivided and forming a subapical serration ; empodium small, spinose at tip. Length: Body about 4.5 mm.; wing 4 mm. Genitalia (plate 2, fig. 1): Side-pieces subconical, the tips conically tapered ; basal lobe conical with stout thorn-shaped tip. Clasp-filament with a slender stem, curved at base, tip expanded and distorted, divided into several lobes, which are again subdivided, the central one expanded into a bladder, ribbed at its base. Harpes small, slender, curved, tips dentate. Unci small, inconspicuous. Basal appendages a row of spines on each side, borne on a common transverse chitinous base that arises from a rounded sublateral lobe. Sides of the penulti- mate segment roundedly expanded, densely setose. The life history and habits of Sabethes cyaneus are unknown. The adults are rarely met with, and then only in single specimens. Forest regions of South America to Panama. Empire, Canal Zone, Panama, June 23, 1908 (A. H. Jennings); Empire, Canal Zone, Panama (H. Simms) ; Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, August 24, September 8, October 30, 1909 (A. H. Jennings) ; Trinidad, British West Indies, November 4, 1905 (F. W. Urich) ; Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana (H. Polak) ; Para, Brazil (C. F. Baker). The species is also reported from Manfos, Brazil (Lutz in Bourroul) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Peryassi) ; Amazon region, Hata- tura and Otyba, Brazil; British Guiana (Theobald). The name remipes has been in general use for this species, but that of locuples has clear priority. Locuples was wrongly referred as a synonym to longipes Fabricius, and so disappeared from the literature; but it has been shown that locuples and remipes refer to the same species. Lately Knab has shown that the SABETHES CYANEUS 29 name cyaneus Fabricius is the earliest one applicable to this species. We quote his remarks, as follows: “ Theobald assumed that the Culex cyaneus of Fabricius is identical with Wil- liston’s Haemagogus splendens..... To the writer the original description seemed to conflict with this identification in that it indicates a mosquito with uniformly white sides of the abdomen. This type of coloration is characteristic of the Sabethini and so are the long legs indicated by Fabricius. Very few mosquitoes of the metallic blue color of Culex cyaneus are known, and in view of the recent large collections of Culicide it seems improbable that Fabricius had before him a species that has remained unknown to subsequent workers. In considering these points Dr. Dyar and the writer thought that most probably the mosquito in question was identical with Sabethoides nitidus Theobald (=8. confusus Theo.) and published this opinion ; however, until the type had been examined, this identification could not be more than tentative. The oppor- tunity to definitely identify this mosquito came in 1908, when Mr. Busck visited Copenhagen, where the type is preserved in the Royal Zoological Museum. “ Mr. Busck examined the type at our request and what he found showed that our determination was incorrect. The specimen has a much swollen proboscis, while in Sabethoides nitidus, and also in Hemagogus, the proboscis is slender. The abdomen is blue above, silvery below, not banded, and this indicated a sabethid ; but Mr. Busck, who examined the specimen with a hand-lens, could find no sete on the metanotum. Moreover, he found that on the front legs, the only ones remaining, the claws are toothed near the middle, a condition we had not found in any of the many sabethids we had studied. Yet we could not find that there was a blue culicine with swollen proboscis, and it seemed inconceivable that Fabricius had a mosquito which has since remained unknown. A review of all the blue mosquitoes with reference to the proboscis led inevitably to Sabethes, and as in the Fabrician type the middle legs, which in that genus bear the characteristic ciliation, were missing, it seemed probable that cyaneus be- longs to Sabethes. Two points, however, the toothed claws and the absence of metanotal sete, threw a doubt upon such identification. It seemed reasonable to suppose that Mr. Busck, in his examination with a hand-lens, had failed to find the delicate setz on the metanotum; but that still left the toothed claws to be accounted for. In this extremity we applied to Dr. Béving, of the Copen- hagen Museum, and he kindly reexamined the type. The points ascertained by Dr. Béving are as follows: (1) Metanotum undoubtedly with sete; (2) an- tenn plumose, the joints long, as in Sabethes ; (3) palpi very short, hardly one- fifth the length of the proboscis—intact, without trace of breakage; (4) claws of the fore legs undoubtedly toothed, each claw with a small but distinct tooth near the middle; (5) wing with the posterior cross-vein nearer the apex of the wing than the anterior cross-vein; (6) wing with the scales of the veins broad, obliquely truncate. To these characters must be added the following, determined by Mr. Busck in his examination of the type: (7) Abdomen blue above, silvery below—no trace of banding ; (8) proboscis much swollen apically ; (9) wing with the second marginal cell very much longer than the second posterior cell. All these characters fitted Sabethes locuples Rob.-Desv., as known to us, perfectly, with the one exception of the toothed claws. As the Fabrician type is un- doubtedly a sabethine, and we had only female specimens of Sabethes before us, it seemed practically certain that the Fabrician specimen is the male of Sabethes locuples. Itis true that in the descriptions of male Sabethes available to us the front claws are stated to be simple. These descriptions, however, are by Theo- bald, an author who had, in our experience, proved to be unreliable in such details. While everything pointed to an error in Mr. Theobald’s statement, the question could not be considered settled until a male Sabethes had been examined by someone else. 30 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA “The opportunity came with Dr. L. O. Howard’s visit to Europe the past summer, and at our request he examined the material in the British Museum. Dr. Howard, with the use of the compound microscope, found that in the male of Sabethes locuples the claws of the front feet have a small tooth at about the middle. Thus the question is settled beyond a doubt: Culex cyaneus Fabricius is identical with Sabethes locuples, upon which Robineau-Desvoidy founded his genus, and with Culex remipes Wiedemann. Fabricius did not mention the most obvious character of the species, the ciliate middle legs, because, without a doubt, the specimen already had those legs missing when it came into his possession. Wiedemann had the type before him when he prepared his Aus- sereuropiische zweifliigelige Insekten and in such cases he gave supplementary notes, in addition or correction of the short Fabrician diagnosis; that he does not mention the ciliation of the middle legs is further proof that those legs were missing at that time. “Tt may appear strange that Wiedemann failed to recognize the identity of Culex cyaneus Fabricius and his Culex remipes, described in the same volume. The description of Culex remipes was, however, added in the third supplement (Fernere Nachtrige) of the first volume of the above named work, and it was drawn up at a later period when he no longer had the Fabrician type before him.” Robineau-Desvoidy, in quoting the original description of Culex cyaneus, already suggested its true position: “ An Sabethes? ” Since the above was written a single male specimen has come into our hands through Mr. A. H. Jennings, who was fortunate enough to collect it, together with several females. The claws of the fore tarsi are simple. We have also received 3 males through the courtesy of Mr F. V. Theobald. These also have the tarsal claws simple, but they all show adhesions of a dried mucilaginous substance which in several instances closely simulates the appearance of teeth on the claws, even under the lower powers of a compound microscope. We think that this condition of the claws may be due to some condition of the life history, and that it probably commonly occurs upon specimens of this species. The claws of Fabricius’s type are probably thus affected, giving rise to the errors of observa- tion reported by our correspondents, as well as explaining Dr Howard’s state- ments about the specimens in the British Museum. SABETHES BIPARTIPES Dyar & Knab. Sabethes bipartipes Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 186, 1906. Sabethes nitidus Coquillett (not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 28, 1906. Sabethes bipartipes Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 622, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF SABETHES BIPARTIPES: Proboscis black; palpi and head metallic blue; thorax olive-green with two broad, deep blue discal stripes, the prothoracic lobes blue; pleure and coxe silvery; abdo- men dark metallic blue above, greenish towards base, venter golden with silvery basal segmental bands; first segment entirely silvery underneath. Legs, the middle pair with the second and outer third of first tarsal joints with a long flattened fringe, black, the apical half of the fringe of the second segment creamy white, the leg deep metallic blue. Front and hind legs simple, blue. Two specimens, Santo Domingo, West Indies (F. E. Campbell; A. Busck). Type: Cat. No. 9980, U. S. Nat. Mus. The same or a similar species has been described by Theobald as the male of his Sabethes nitidus (Mon. Culic., li, 347, 1901); but the type of nitidus is clearly the female there described, and is referable to the section Sabethoides, in which the tarsi are not plumed, thus leaving the present species nameless. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF SABETHES BIPARTIPES (MALE AnD Larva UNKNowN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, scarcely enlarged at tip, labelle conically tapered; vestiture black with a blue reflection; sete fine, short, obliquely out- standing. Palpi moderate, one-fourth as long as proboscis, uniform, black with SABETHINUS 31 a blue reflection. Clypeus moderate, truncate at tip, convex, strongly white pruinose. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint pale at base; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, black with a distinct white pruinosity around the rim; hairs long, moderate, black. Eyes very large, contiguous on vertex, partly inclosing the antenne and touch- ing the clypeus, brown. Occiput clothed with flat black scales with a metallic green, violet, and blue reflection, two sets at vertex; cheeks silvery white. Prothoracic lobes large, approximate dorsally, similarly colored to mesonotum but more brilliant. Mesonotum blackish brown, clothed with elliptical flat scales with strong blue and green reflection, more brassy over roots of wings, where there is a group of stiff black hairs; a median dorsal stripe of dull coppery scales. Scutellum trilobate, with similar vestiture to the mesonotum, but brilliant brassy and silvery blue, each lobe with a tuft of bristles. Postnotum elliptical, pale brown, with a median rounded carina, a small tuft of bristles posteriorly; no scales. Pleure: and coxe brownish black, entirely clothed with flat elliptical silvery-white scales. Abdomen slender, subcylindrical, truncate at tip; dorsal vestiture black with submetallic-green reflection ; venter golden-scaled, the bases of segments silvery, the colors separated in a nearly straight line on the sides, the scales raised on the ventral line; tip with many black bristles. Wings narrow, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell as long as its cell; basal cross-veins slightly nearer the base than the anterior cross-vein. Scales of veins moderate, narrowly ovate, obliquely truncate, black, those on second vein larger and broader. Halteres pale, with blackish knob. Legs long and slender, scales on outer third of tibia and the first and the basal half of the second tarsal joints of the mid legs long and strongly out- standing on two sides, forming paddles; no paddles present on fore and hind legs; vestiture violet blue; trochanters white; under sides of femora narrowly brassy at base; paddles of mid legs black on their basal two-thirds, outer third white; hind legs with apical third of tibisee and base of first tarsal joint with erect scales, not forming paddles. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 4.5 mm.; wing 4 mm. We have no information upon the life history and habits of Sabethes bi- partipes. Island of Santo Domingo, West Indies. Santo Domingo, August, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Santo Domingo (F. E. Camp- bell). We have Sabethes bipartipes only from the island of Santo Domingo, but it may yet be found in other islands. Theobald described a broken specimen that seems close to this, if not the same, as the supposed male of his Sabethes nitidus (Mon. Culic., ii, 347, 1901) from Brazil. Although we find no differences from our species in Theobald’s description, it seems very doubtful whether our form extends to Brazil. It is very unusual for the same species to occur in the West Indies and on the continent of South America, and we suspect that if we had specimens from the mainland differences would appear. In any case, the name we have applied is correct, as Theobald’s nitidus is clearly founded upon the female specimens before him and not upon the supposed male, really a female of a species falling in another genus. Genus SABETHINUS Lutz. Sabethinus Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 48, 57, 1904. Sabettinus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 634, 1905. Sabethoides Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.. Tech. Ser. 11. 27, 1906. Sabethoides Dyar & Knab (not Theobald), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 225, 1906. Sabethes Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 208, 1907. 32 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Sabethes Dyar & Knab (in part), Can. Ent., xxxix, 49, 1907. Sahethinus Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 618, 1907. Sabdethinus Peryasst, Os Culic. do Brazil, 38, 1908. Sabethes Williston (in part), No. Am. Dipt., 3 ed., 108, 1908. Sabetes Pazos (in part), San. y Ben., ii, 44, 1909. Sabethinus Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 574, 1910. The type species are: of Sabethinus Lutz, Sabethinus intermedius Lutz; of Sabettinus Blanchard, Sabethinus intermedius Lutz. Generic Diacnosis or ADULT: Head moderate; proboscis rather short, swollen at the apex; palpi short in both sexes; eyes large, contiguous at the vertex; antenne with the joints subequal, similar in the sexes, sparsely plumose, each joint with a whorl of long hairs near the base and a small one near the apex, more obvious in the male than in the female. Pro- thoracic lobes large, contiguous dorsally. Vestiture of flat appressed scales. Without setz on the disk of the mesonotum. Abdomen subcylindrical, blunt at the tip, later- ally compressed; in the male expanded apically. Legs long and slender, the mid femora proportionate, the hind ones shorter. Wings rather narrow, the cross-veins tending to lie in line. Claws small, equal and simple. GerneRic Draenosis or LARVA: Head normal, mouth-parts concealed; maxille conical, drawn out into a long terminal claw, heavily armed on inner margin. Air-tube with spicular sculpture; lateral comb present on eighth abdominal segment; a pair of dorsal hooks on seventh segment. Forested regions of tropical America. We placed the genus Sabethinus at first as a synonym of Sabethes, but have finally concluded to recognize it upon the proportions of the femora. This con- sists in an elongation of the mid femora of Sabethes, while Sabethinus retains the normal proportions. The character is not very fundamental, as the elonga- tion of the mid legs of Sabethes is connected with the display of the “ paddles ” with which they are furnished and is, therefore, of something of an adaptational character. The two groups, however, seem well separated on their general characters, while no one has been able to find the larve of Sabethes and those of Sabethinus are easily found. There must be some marked difference in habits, which will confirm us in the separation of the genera. The larvee occur in the water in bamboo-joints, often in considerable numbers. They are predaceous, devouring the larve of other mosquitoes. We are unable to say whether such constitute their only diet, but imagine that they must have other food and not be essentially cannibalistic, or they would not so frequently occur in considerable numbers in the same receptacle. The larve are said to hang perpendicularly from the air-tube when at rest. We are unacquainted with the function of the peculiar hooks on the dorsum of the seventh abdominal seg- ment. The eggs are unknown. The adults are diurnal and are occasionally common in bamboo woods. They bite readily. We have not seen the type species, 8S. intermedius. This is stated to have scales upon the postnotum, while they are absent in our species. However, we can give this difference no significance as the same differences occur within the genus Sabethes. TABLES OF THE SPECIES OF SABETHINUS. ADULTS, STRUCTURE AND COLORATION (FOR ALL THE KNOWN SPECIES). 1, Posthotum: without. Scales 05... ccs ccin das 2 eisined so 4 cetae belies b aarnante dea 2 Postnotum ‘with, scales). sci. sc cokew sce ed swe y e Halse ve owed sa BSS EOE EEX 4 2. Abdomen with purple and coppery-red reflections.......... purpureus Theobald Abdomen with blue or greenish luster. ..... 0... .. cece cee eee eee cece e ce necee 3 3. Anal setz of the abdomen long, black; hind tarsi dark..... identicus Dyar & Knab Anal sete shorter, brownish; fifth hind tarsal white below..... undosus Coquillett 4, Sete at base of wings jet black. .... 0... cee cece cee cece cent ee eee eeeeee 5 Sete at base of wing light golden-brown.................c00000e aurescens Lutz 5. Mesonotum metallic green........ cece cece eee tee e tee eeeee intermedius Lutz Mesonotum deep metallic Dlue....... cece ee cee twee eens albiprivatus Lutz SABETHINUS UNDOSUS 33 The correct generic location of the above species is not guaranteed, as we have not seen them all. The species included in our ewn region separate as follows: ADULTS, STRUCTURE AND COLORATION. 1. Anal sete of the abdomen moderate, brownish; fifth joint of the hind tarsi white-marked beneath.............cc ee eeeeee undosus Coquillett (p. 33) Anal sete of the abdomen long, black; hind tarsi black. identicus Dyar & Knab (p. 35) ADULTS, MALE GENITALIA. The structures are essentially as in Wyeomyia, and our two species will be found included in the table of that genus, page 55. LARVA, 1. Hooks on the seventh abdominal segment simple.... undosus Coquillett (p. 34) Hooks on the seventh abdominal segment toothed. identicus Dyar & Knab (p. 36) SABETHINUS UNDOSUS (Coquillett). Sabethoides undosus Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 186, 1906. Sabethoides undosus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 226, 1906. Sabethoides undosus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 20, 1906. Sabethoides undosus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 27, 1906. Sabethes undosus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 208, 1907. Sabethes undosus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 70, 1908. Sabethoides undosus Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 585, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF SABETHOIDES UNDOSUS: Near confusus, but the dorsum of the abdomen is not white-scaled in the front angles of the segments. Scales of proboscis and palpi purple, those of the occiput violet-purple, a large patch of white ones on each side. Mesonotum and scutellum mixed metallic blue-, green-, and coppery-scaled, the humeri violet-scaled, the lower portion whitish, scales of pleura white. Abdomen purple-scaled, scales of venter white or yellowish, the upper border wavy. Legs purple-scaled, the lower side of the femora and inner side of the tibie brassy-yellow-scaled; tarsal claws simple. Wings hyaline, the scales brown. Length 3 mm. Trinidad, W. I. Ten specimens collected by Messrs. F. W. Urich and A. Busck. Type: No. 8292, U. S. National Museum. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE, AND LARVA OF SABETHINUS UNDOSUS: Female.—Proboscis moderate, slightly enlarged apically, vestiture black with blue luster; labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete. Palpi short, one-fifth as long as proboscis, slender, black, a tuft of outstanding hairs at base. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark brown, whitish pruinose; hairs of whorls long, moderately dense, black. Clypeus slender, elliptical, convex, dark brown with a white pruinosity, nude. Eyes large, contiguous at vertex, produced below nearly to clypeus, black. Occiput clothed with flat, shining, metallic green, violet, and blue scales, two brown sete at vertex; cheeks silvery. Prothoracic lobes large, approximate dorsally, clothed with violet and blue scales, bearing a dense row of coarse black bristles. Mesonotum blackish, clothed with broad, flat, metallic-green and olivaceous iridescent scales. Scutellum tri- lobate, densely covered with scales similar to those of the mesonotum, some with reddish luster, each lobe with a small tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum ellip- tical, prominent, dark brown, with a rounded median carina, a tuft of about ten large bristles posteriorly; without scales. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate at the tip, which bears a mod- erate tuft of brown hairs; dorsal vestiture black with slight blue reflection; venter silvery-white, the colors separated on the sides in a sharp, strongly undu- lating line; dorsum of first segment with submetallic blue-green vestiture and at the sides with a silvery patch. 34 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Wings narrow, hyaline, iridescent ; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as the cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; cross-veins nearly incident ; scales of veins black, with a bronzy and blue reflection, elliptical, mostly obliquely subtruncate; those on forks of second vein denser. Halteres blackish, except at base. Legs moderate, the vestiture black, with a blue and violaceous reflection, slightly roughened beneath at tips of hind tibie and base of first tarsal joint; last joint of hind tarsi white on inner side. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. Male.—Entirely similar to the female, claws of fore feet slightly unequal, tip of abdomen expanded and truncate, scales at tip brilliantly iridescent ; legs with a coppery luster beneath. Genitalia (plate 2, fig. 4): Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, the tips conically tapered, a small, scarcely separated lobe at the base bearing two stout sete and a number of fine hairs. Clasp-filament with a large, inflated, dis- torted branch, a slender inward branch at basal third long and recurved, a small branch at outer third curved, with a bent, divided tip, apex slightly inflated, bearing a series of spines at the tip, outer aspect pilose, a large inward inflated projection at outer third bearing a long marginal row of coarse teeth and a shorter finer submarginal row. Harpes flat, tapering outwardly, inner margin revolute, tip dentate. Harpagones and unci forming basal cones. Basal append- ages represented by two groups of four spines each, remote from one another. Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 42)—Head rounded (plate 131, fig. 463), side-angles obtusely rounded, a slight notch at insertion of antenne, front margin broadly arcuate. Antenne cylindrical, smooth, uniform, without hair; a long spine, two short ones and a long digit at tip. Eyes small, round. Mental plate square, nearly straight on front edge, a prominent central tooth and eight on each side, the last one largest; base wavily incised. Mandible quadrangular; an appendage before tip; an outer row of cilia from a collar; ten filaments on outer margin ; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first much the largest ; a spine before, a low double irregularity at base, a serrate filament and three feathered ones within; process below remote, taking the place of the basal angle, short, furcate, with long hairs at tip and a row of fine hairs between it and the dentition ; a row of long hairs within; a basal row. Mazxilla conical, the tip produced into a long, stout horn; divided by a suture; inner half with four large teeth and a small one on margin and two rows of cilia; a tuft of hairs at tip, arising from base of horn; two rudimentary filaments next the suture; a long spine from middle of outer half, its tip cleft. Palpi small, obliquely attached, with four minute digits. Thorax quadrangular, slightly rounded at the corners, wider than long, the mesothorax indicated; hairs long, the metathoracic ones with a posterior curved spine. Abdomen slender; hairs abundant, lateral tufts of first two segments multiple, single on third to sixth segments; short hairs in coarse, stellate bunches. Tracheal tubes moderate. A pair of simple dorsal hooks on seventh segment. Air-tube long, ten times as long as wide, strongly flared at base; surface densely spicular, with some hairs; no pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of eight simple spines; single spine thorn-shaped, the shaft smooth, the base fringed with short spinules. Anal segment as wide as long, dorsal plate reaching to middle of side; dorsal tuft of long hairs; a tuft of two long hairs at lateral angle of the plate ; a subventral tuft of three long hairs; no ventral brush. Anal gills long, all four present three times as long as the segment, basal portion swollen, outer slender The larve occur in the water in bamboo-joints, often in considerable numbers. Mr. Busck states that they hang perpendicularly by the air-tube from the surface SABETHINUS IDENTICUS 35 a the water when at rest. He observed them to be predaceous in Trinidad. e says: “ Larve in bamboo stumps in bamboo woods; one of them (S. undosus) ob- served attacking and eating another (Wyeomyia sp.) ; larva is predaceous, feeds probably exclusively on the Wyeomyia larva; observed feeding several times.” He met with the species again in Panama, but did not repeat his observations on their predaceous habits. He says: ‘“ A common species bred in large num- bers from bamboo at Tabernilla, Lion Hill, and Gatun.” Now, in the case of predaceous species it generally happens that they occur singly or in small num- bers, as they have to be relatively much less numerous than their prey in order to subsist. It would seem that a species which can be generally bred in “ large numbers ” can not be exclusively predaceous. Further observations should be made upon these habits. The adults are diurnal, the females coming to bite in the woods in the day. 5 na British Guiana, Panama, Nicaragua, and probably southward into razil. Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, larve in bamboo, May 9, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Lion Hill, Canal Zone, Panama, adults captured (A. Busck); Georgetown, British Guiana, adult captured, August 1, 1905 (E. D. Rowland); San Juan, Trinidad, larve in bamboo- stumps, June 7, 1905, associated with a species of Wyeomyia (A. Busck) ; Trinidad (F. W. Urich). We have included specimens from Trinidad and Panama under this species, although the larvee differ to some extent in the shape of the mouth-parts. We have not found any differences in the adults, though minute ones may possibly occur. Two races, or possibly species, are indicated, but we have not thought it advisable to attempt to separate them at present. The species of Sabethinus run very closely and should have particular study with good material from Brazil for comparison. SABETHINUS IDENTICUS (Dyar & Knab). Sabethes identicus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 207, 1907. Sabethes identicus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 71, 1908. Sabethoides (?) identicus Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 585, 1910. Sabethes (2?) identicus Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 622, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF SABETHES IDENTICUS: 9.—Identical with Sabethes undosus Cog.; we are unable to demonstrate any dif- ferences whatever between the adults. Four specimens, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, collector), bred from larve in bamboo joints. Type: No. 10851, U. S. National Museum. The larve are allied to those of Sabethes wndosus, but differ in many particulars, so that a distinct species is indicated, in spite of the apparent identity of the adults. The air-tube is short, without any basal enlargement and but two pairs of single hairs; the body-hairs are finer, less coarsely stellate; the dorsal hooks of the seventh segment with a tooth instead of simple; maxillz less stout, with seven small teeth instead of four large coarse ones. DescriPTion OF FEMALE, Male, AND Larva oF SABETHINUS IDENTICUS: Female.—Proboscis rather stout, swollen at tip, vestiture black with violet luster ; labellee small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete. Palpi short, one-fifth as long as proboscis, slender, black, a tuft of outstanding hairs at base. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; tori subspherical, with a cup- shaped apical excavation, dark brown, whitish pruinose; hairs of whorls long, moderately dense, black. Clypeus slender, elliptical, convex, dark brown with a white pruinosity, nude. Eyes large, contiguous at vertex, black, produced later- 36 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA ally to the clypeus. Occiput clothed with flat, shining metallic green, violet, and blue scales, two brown setz at vertex ; cheeks silvery. Prothoracic lobes large, approximate dorsally, clothed with pale metallic-blue scales, bearing a dense row of black bristles. Mesonotum blackish, clothed with flat metallic blue and green iridescent scales. Scutellum trilobate, densely covered with scales similar to those of the mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, with a rounded median carina, a tuft of about ten large bristles posteriorly ; without seales. Pleure dark brown, coxx luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery- white scales ; an irregular patch of dark-brown scales behind the prothoracic lobe. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate at tip, which bears a tuft of long black hairs; dorsal vestiture black, with metallic blue and violet reflection ; first segment more brilliantly colored; venter yellowish silvery-white, the colors separated on the sides in a sharp, strongly undulating line. Wings rather narrow, hyaline, iridescent ; petiole of second marginal cell one- third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; cross- veins nearly incident; scales of veins black, with bronzy and blue reflection, elliptical, mostly obliquely subtruncate, those on forks of second vein slightly larger and denser. Halteres blackish, except at the base. Legs moderate, vestiture black with a blue and violaceous reflection, slightly roughened beneath at tips of hind tibie and base of first tarsal joint ; femora and tibie and first tarsal joint of hind legs with a strong brassy luster beneath, the other tibia and tarsi with cupreous luster. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. Male.—Entirely similar to the female, claws of fore feet slightly unequal, abdomen enlarged at tip and truncate, tuft of black hairs divided. Genitalia (plate 2, fig. 6) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips conic- ally tapered, a small, scarcely separated lobe at base bearing two stout sete and a number of fine hairs. Clasp-filament with a large, inflated, distorted branch, a slender inward branch at basal third long and recurved, a small branch at outer third, curved, with a bent divided tip, apex slightly inflated, bearing a series of spines at tip, outer aspect pilose, a large inward inflated projection at outer third bearing a long marginal row of coarse teeth and a shorter finer sub- marginal row. Harpes flat, tapering outwardly, inner margin revolute, tip dentate. Harpagones and unci forming basal cones. Basal appendages repre- sented by two groups of five spines each, remote from one another. Larva, Stage IV (plate 86, fig. 271)—Head rounded in front, sides oblique, posterior angles prominent, rounded ; occipital foramen visible near the sides in dorsal aspect; antenne moderate, uniform, a single small seta at outer fourth; head-hairs single, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Lateral comb of eighth segment of about eleven scales in a single irregular row. Air-tube slightly tapered, uni- form, about three times as long as wide, roughened with short, closely set denticles; a small hair on dorsal aspect near tip, four on ventral aspect, and a longer hair laterally about the middle; terminal hooks moderate. Anal seg- ment longer than wide, with a rather large dorsal plate; dorsal tuft of five hairs on each side, lateral hair single, arising from the angle of the plate; subventral hair long, single, arising from a small, independent plate. Anal gills about twice as long as the segment, stout, tapering to tip, slightly flexuous. A pair of toothed dorsal hooks on seventh abdominal segment. The life history and habits of Sabethinus identicus are identical with those of Sabethinus undosus, the larve in several instances occurring associated with larvee of that species. Mr. Busck says: “The large, fat, milky-white larva is strongly segmented and has a short tube.” SABETHOIDES NITIDUS 37 Known to us only from the Canal Zone, Panama, but probably extends farther southward. Tabernilla, larve in bamboo, May 9, 16, 22 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla (A. H. Jennings). The species identicus is closely allied to Sabethinus undosus. The thoracic ornamentation varies from metallic blue through golden-green to purple; the abdomen is metallic blue, without any green tint such as occurs in undosus. Genus SABETHOIDES Theobald Sabethes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., ii, 345, 1901. Sabethoides Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 328, 1903. Sabethoides Lutz, in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 56, 1904. Sabetioides Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 423, 1905. Sabethoides Theobald, Genera Ins., Culicid., 39, 1905. Sabethes Dyar & Knab (in part), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 168, 1906. Sabethoides Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 27, 1906. Sabethes Dyar & Knab (in part), Can. Ent., xxxix, 49, 1907. Sabethoides Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 208, 1907. Sabethoides Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 617, 1907. Sabethoides Peryasst, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 38, 1908. Sabethes Williston (in part), No. Amer, Dipt., 3 ed., 108, 1908. Sabethoides Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 41, 1909. Sabetes Pazos (in part), San. y Ben., ii, 44, 1909. Sabethoides Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 574, 1910. The type species are: of Sabethoides Theobald, Sabethoides confusus Theo- bald ; of Sabettoides Blanchard, Sabethoides confusus Theobald. Generic Diaanosis oF ADULT FEMALE (MALE UNKNOWN): Head moderate, the eyes large, contiguous at vertex. Proboscis long and slender. Antenne with the joints subequal, the hairs of the whorls Jong and rather abundant. Palpi very short, slender. Vestiture of broad appressed scales, the occiput without erect forked scales, the mesonotum without sete on the disk. Prothoracic lobes large, approximate dorsally. Abdomen subcylindrical, blunt at the tip. Legs long and slender. Claws small, equal and simple. The genus is confined to the tropical portions of the American continent. The genus Sabethoides is closely allied to Sabethes. We separate it on the character of the proboscis, which is not a strong one. It is not improbable that if a considerable number of species should be discovered, intergrades would ap- pear compelling the union of the genera. The larva is unknown. The adult is day-flying, blood-sucking, and forest- inhabiting ; it is rare wherever found; in the early stages it is not improbably predaceous upon the larve of other sabethines inhabiting bromeliads. SABETHOIDES NITIDUS (Theobald). Sabethes remipes Theobald (not Wiedemann), Mon. Culic., ii, 346, 1901. Sabethes nitidus Theobald, Mon. Culic., ii, 347, 1901. Sabethes nitidus Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 326, 1903. Sabethoides confusus Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 328, 1903. Sabethoides confusus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Culicid., 39, 1905. Sabethoides confusus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 423, 1905. Sabethes cyaneus Dyar & Knab (not Fabricius), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 168, 1906. Sabethoides confusus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 27, 1906. Sabethoides cyaneus Dyar & Knab (not Fabricius), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 208, 1907. Sabethoides cyaneus Busck (not Fabricius), Smiths. Misc. Colls., quar. iss., lii, 71, 1908. Sabethoide confusus Peryasst, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 318, 1908. Sabethoides confusus Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 584, 1910. OriginaL DESCRIPTION OF SABETHES NITIDUS: 9.—Head with peacock blue and green scales with a row of thick short dark brown bristles projecting forwards over the eyes; palpi very short, brown, with 38 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA a few spines at the apex; proboscis dark brown, rather swollen at the apex, minutely hairy; clypeus frosty grey; basal joint of antenne frosty grey, remainder brown, densely pilose, but not much more so as in the 9, joints much about the same length. Thorax black, with flat peacock-blue and green scales, the back of the mesonotum and scutellum covered with large flat metallic green and bronzy scales, a tuft of dark scales just in front of the root of the wing. Metanotum dark brown, almost black, with four deep brown chaetz; pleure black, with a large patch of white scales. Abdomen with the basal segment metallic green, remainder brilliantly coloured with green, mauve, blue, white and yellow; the colouring varies in different lights; when viewed from above the abdomen is deep metallic blue with basal coppery bands; when viewed laterally the abdomen is bright apple green, with basal mauve bands and white basal lateral spots and yellow venter; now and then, as the sun strikes the scales, red and yellow colours appear; the apex of the abdomen is provided with dense brown bristles. Legs metallic blue and violet or rich purple; coxe dark, with patches of white scales; the legs are not provided with paddles; last three mid tarsi white underneath; ungues small, equal and simple. Wings clothed with similar formed scales to the ¢; fork-cells long, the first sub- marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base a little the nearer the base of the wing, its stem less than half its length and shorter than the stem of the second posterior cell; mid cross-vein nearer the apex of the wing than the super- numerary and longer, posterior cross-vein level with and longer than the mid. Halteres dark brown. Length.—5 mm. 6.-—Head clothed with metallic green and blue scales; palpi and proboscis brown. Abdomen metallic blue with golden ventral and lateral patches, the patches being somewhat apical. Legs much as in S. remipes; the mid pair with large paddle-like masses of scales, the paddle blackish, except at the apex, where it is creamy white, most of the meta- tarsal portion being white, the leg itself is scaled with violet and purple scales; fore and hind legs simple, the hind with the tibie rather expanded apically; ungues small, equal, and simple. The legs show brilliant colours at times. Wings with typical brown Sabethes scales; first submarginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base considerably nearer the base of the wing than that of the latter; the stem rather less than one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell nearly as long as the cell; supernumerary and mid cross-veins practically meeting in an open angle, posterior cross-vein a little longer than the mid and nearly in a line with it. Length.—5 mm. Habditat.—Para, Brazil (Durham). Observations.—Described from several 9’s and a single ¢ caught by Dr. Durham; the ¢ was unfortunately broken in mounting. It is clearly a distinct species easily told in the ¢ by the white tipped paddle and by the position of the cross-veins in both sexes. It most nearly approaches S. remipes, the mid legs of the ¢ only being paddled. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF SABETHOIDES CONFUSUS: Sabethes remipes. 9. THEOBALD. (non Wied.) Sabethes nitidus. 9. THEOBALD. (Mono. Culicid. ii., 246 (remipes) ; 247 (nitidus).) 9.—Head covered with flat violet, green, and deep blue scales, looking brown in some lights. Proboscis, palpi, and antennz brown; basal joint of latter with grey sheen; clypeus Ht grey. Palpi very small, apparently two-jointed, possibly a small third basal oint. Thorax black, with flat green, peacock blue and azure blue scales, the green pre dominating, and sometimes some dusky ones over the roots of the wings (nitidus); prothoracic lobes large, covered with flat green and azure blue scales; scutellum with flat metallic green, pale blue and in some lights bronzy-hued scales; metanotum deep brown to black, with four deep brown chaete; pleurs blackish with dense silvery- white flat scales. Abdomen deep metallic purple or violet, with brilliant mauve, pale blue, white and yellow scales, the pale coloured ones on each side (fig. 187) forming more or less basal spots on each side of the middle line, and a more or less distinct row beneath joining the pale scaled ventral surface. When viewed from above the abdomen seems deep metallic blue, with basal coppery bands; when viewed laterally it may be apple- green, with basal mauve bands and the pale basal spots referred to above 3; now and then, as the light strikes the scales, red and yellow colours appear; the apex has dense brown bristles. SABETHOIDES NITIDUS 39 Legs bronzy-brown, with violet, blue and purple reflections; in the mid legs the last three or four tarsi are irregularly white beneath; ungues equal and simple, small. Wings clothed with Sabethes-like scales, brown, and the wing membrane with a brownish tinge; fork-cells long; the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem less than one-half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell nearly as long as the cell; the supernumerary cross-vein very small; positions of the cross-veins variable, as a rule the mid and posterior nearly in one line and in advance of the supernumerary, or all three may be in one line. Halteres dark brown; base paler. Length—4.5 to 5 mm. Habitat.—British Guiana (Low); Para (Durham); Sao Paulo, Brazil (Dr. Lutz). Observations.—A very variable species, which presents a great variety of colours in different lights and when held in different positions. The cross-veins vary to some extent, in some the posterior is much nearer the apex of the wing than the mid, in others it is level with the mid. This species may easily be mistaken for a ? of Sabethes, but the generic characters given on page 328 will suffice to distinguish it. Synonymy.—I have carefully examined the types of 9? remipes and 9? nitidus and am sure they are the same, the former had evidently been in some liquid and so the coloration of the scales had been altered, and the position of the cross-veins we now know varies in this as in other Culices. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF SABETHOIDES NITIDUS (MALE AND LarvA UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis long and slender, uniform, vestiture black with a slight green reflection ; labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete. Palpi short, one-seventh as long as proboscis, slender, black, a tuft of outstanding hairs at base. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; tori sub- spherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, black, whitish pruinose; hairs of whorls long, moderately dense, black. Clypeus slender, elliptical, convex, dark brown with a white pruinosity, nude. Hyes large, contiguous at vertex, black. Occiput clothed with fine shining metallic violet and blue scales, two brown sete at vertex. Prothoracic lobes large, approximate dorsally, clothed with metallic greenish- blue scales and bearing a dense row of black bristles. Mesonotum blackish, clothed with flat metallic blue and green iridescent scales, becoming olivaceous at margins, those over roots of wings and antescutel- lar region with golden and coppery luster. Scutellum trilobate, densely cov- ered with scales similar to those of tip of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, with a rounded median carina, a tuft of about ten large bristles posteriorly. Pleure blackish, cox brown, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate at tip which bears many black hairs; dorsal vestiture metallic blue and green; a row of pale violaceous basal segmental triangular lateral spots, venter pale golden, with a medioventral ridge of scales; the green dorsal color extends well down the sides at the apices of the segments; first segment dorsally more brilliantly colored. Wings rather narrow, slightly infuscated, iridescent ; petiole of second marg- inal cell one-half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell nearly as long as its cell; cross-veins nearly incident; scales of veins black, with a bronzy and blue reflection, elliptical, obliquely subtruncate, those on forks of second vein denser and broader. Halteres blackish, except at base. Legs slender, the vestiture black, with a blue and violaceous reflection, the femora pale golden beneath nearly to tip; mid tarsi with the apical half of the second, the third, and all but the tip of the fourth joint white, a black mark on under side of fourth joint; tibie and tarsi with coppery luster beneath. Claw formula 0.0—0.0—0.0. Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm. 40 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The larva is not improbably an inhabitant of the water between the leaves of bromeliaceous plants and predaceous on the larve of other sabethids. We infer this from the rarity of the adults where found. The adult flies by day in forests and bites only during the hot hours of the day (Peryasst). Forest regions of tropical America. Cérdoba, Mexico, adult captured, March 21, 1908 (F. Knab); San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 22 (C. H. T. Townsend) ; Sonsonate, Salvador, Aug- ust 29, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Rio Aranjuez, near Puntarenas, Costa Rica, September 13, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Las Loras, near Puntarenas, Costa Rica, September 8, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Santo Domingo, Costa Rica, September 19, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Esparta, Costa Rica, September 18, 1905 (F. Knab); Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Trinidad, British West Indies, June, 1905 (A. Busck). The species is also reported from Rio de Janeiro; Bahia; Sao Paulo and Taubaté, State of Sio Paulo; Juiz de Fora, Oliveira, Descalvado, Lavras, Barbacena, Ouro-fino, Cysneiros, and Fazenda da Serra, in the State of Minas Geraes, Brazil (Peryassi). This rare species (Sabethoides nitidus) needs further study. It is not im- probable, following the usual condition, that the specimens from Mexico and Central America represent a different species from the one in Trinidad. We have not sufficient material to decide the point, only one specimen from Trinidad being before us. If this should prove to be the case, the Central American form will need a new name, as all the names in the synonymy refer to the Brazilian form, including in its range Trinidad and Guiana. The synonymy is consid- erably involved, owing to Theobald having mistaken females of a species of Sabethes with scale-tufts on the legs for males of Sabethoides. He first described the female as the female of Sabethes remipes Wiedemann; later, recognizing his error in part, he redescribed the female as Sabethes nitidus, but associated with it a male of Sabethes with tufted legs; still later he again redescribed these females as Sabethoides confusus, leaving the name nitidus to stand for the male above associated, but wrongly, as the name was obviously founded upon the female. We note that in the original description of Sabethes nitidus (female) the probosis is said to be swollen at the apex, which is at variance with the ge- neric character. As Theobald had several specimens before him it is quite likely that his description of the female is a composite of two different insects. How- ever, as he himself states that Sabethoides is founded on the specimen he described as Sabethes nitidus, we feel obliged to accept this synonymy. Genus LIMATUS Theobald. Limatus Theobald, Mon. Culic., ii, 349, 1901. Simondella Laveran, C. R. hebd. Soc. Biol., liv., 1160, 1902. Aedeomyia Neveu-Lemaire (in part), Mém. Soc. Zool. de France, xv, 223, 1902. Limatus Giles, Gnats or Mosgq., 2d ed., 513, 1902. Limatus Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 333, 1903. Limatus Lutz, in Bourroul, Mosquitos do Brasil, 57, 1904. Limatus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 429, 1905. Limatus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Culic., 40, 1905. Wyeomyia Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 227, 1906. Limatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 27, 1906. Subfamily Limatine Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 20, 627, 1907. Limatus Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xxxix, 49, 1907. Subfamily Limatine Peryassi, Os Culicideos do Brazil, 30, 319, 1908. Limatus Williston, No. Amer. Dipt., 3 ed., 108, 1908. Limatus Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 41, 44, 1909. Subfamily Limatine Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 595, 1910. ‘The type species are: of Limatus Theobald, Limatus durhamii Theobald; of Simondella Laveran, Simondella curvirostris Laveran. LIMATUS 41 Generic Diagnosis oF ADULT: Head moderate, eyes separated by a wedge-shaped integument which terminates in front in a large quadrate projection. Palpi short in both sexes, the joints fused. Antenne with the joints subequal, similar in the sexes, those of the male scarcely more plumose than those of the female. Prothoracic lobes large, well separated dorsally, with coarse sete along their front margins. Vestiture of flat appressed scales, occiput without erect forked scales, mesonotum without sete on disk. Abdomen subcylindrical, tip blunt in the female. Legs with the claws small, simple in both sexes, the hind pair with but a single claw. Proboscis of female rather short and stout; of male, either bent beyond the middle, with an enlargement of scales, or straight and strongly swollen at the tip. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF LARVA: The larve have the characters of those of the genus Wyeomyia, so that we have included the species of both genera in a common table. Head flattened, broad, rounded, the antenne small; mouth-brushes thick but short; air-tube moderate, with scattered hairs, no pecten. A comb of separate scales, few in number, on the sides of the eighth abdominal segment. Anal segment with a dorsal plate, long- haired dorsal and lateral tufts and short subventral hair; anal gills moderate. The genus is confined to the tropical parts of the American continent. LItmatus is closely related to Wyeomyia; the adults differ only in the loss of one of the hind tarsal claws, which affects both sexes. This condition is fore- shadowed in some of the species of Wyeomyia (especially W. codiocampa D. & K.), and represents only an extreme development of the condition where one of the hind tarsal claws is smaller than the other. The larvee are inseparable generically from Wyeomyia. However, in spite of the close affinity, we have thought it advisable to recognize the genus. All the species are more gaudily ornamented on the mesonotum than the species of Wyeomyia, and may be superficially recognized by this character. The genus, together with Joblotia, was placed by Theobald in his subfamily Trichoprosoponina, on account of the presence of a few scales on the postnotum. We have found that scales are present on the postnotum of certain species of Sabethes and Sabethinus and not on others; therefore the character is not even generic. Later, Theobald established a subfamily (Limatine) for the genus Limatus, on the character of the bent proboscis (Mon. Culic., iv, 18, 1907). This modification is present only in the male of some species, and, like other secondary sexual characters, it has no deep significance. To this genus should be referred Dendromyia paraénsis Theobald (Mon. Culic., iii, 316, 1903), de- scribed from a single, apparently much rubbed, female. The description, as far as it goes, fits Limatus in every detail: yellow spot upon the vertex, the dif- ferently colored first abdominal segment, the lateral spots of the abdomen, and, above all, the peculiar scaling of the wing-veins. The specimen is probably referable to L. durhamti, which Theobald had from the same locality (Para), but we are unwilling to so refer it without examination of the type. The larval history and habits, so far as we know them, are the same as those species of Wyeomyia that inhabit bamboo-joints or cocoanut-shells. The larve occur in cocoanut-husks and similar locations. The adults are diurnal, fre- quenting forests. TABLES OF THE SPECIES oF LIMATUS. ADULTS, STRUCTURE AND COLORATION. 1. Abdomen with the colors separated on the sides in an irregular line; proboscis of male with a bend beyond the middle, curved beyond the bend, heavily scaled at bend and tip........... ccc cece cece eee ee eeees 2 Abdomen with the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; proboscis of male straight, strongly enlarged at tip methysticus Dyar & Knab (p. 48) 2. First abdominal segment pale golden-scaled......... durhamii Theobald (p. 42) First abdominal segment black-scaled, with bronzy luster cacophrades Dyar & Knab (p. 45) MALE GENITALIA AND LARVA. (See the tables under Wyeomyia, pages 55 and 57.) 42 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA LIMATUS DURHAMII Theobald. Limatus durhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic., ii, 350, 1901. Simondelia curvirostris Laveran, C. R. heb. Soc. Biol., liv, 1160, 1902. Aedeomyia curvirostris Neveu-Lemaire, Mem. soc. zool. France, xv, 228, 1902. Limatus durhamii Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 518, 1902. Limatus durhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 333, 1903. Limatus durhami Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 429, 1905. Limatus durhami Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Par, 122, 1905. Limatus durhamii Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 27, 1906. Wyeomyia durhami Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 228, 1906. Wyeomyia durhami Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 19, 1906. Limatus durhami Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 248, 1907 Limatus durhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 627, 1907. Limatus durhami PeryassG, Os Culicideos do Brazil, 819, 323, 327, 357, 367, 369, 1908. Limatus durhami Newstead & Thomas, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., ser. T. M., iv, 148, 1910. Limatus durhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 596, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF LIMATUS DURHAMII: Thorax ornamented with violet, golden-yellow and bronze, the golden-yellow forming three patches, looking like the top of a cross. Abdomen almost black, with basal lateral white triangular spots, venter creamy-white. Legs bronzy-brown, unbanded. Bases of the wings pale yellowish. 9. Head covered with flat bronzy-brown and dull ochraceous scales; sides of the head white; clypeus brown; proboscis black; palpi and antenne brown. Thorax with dense flat scales, very convex at the apex; prothoracic lobes clothed with golden yellow fiat scales and rich brown bristles; mesothorax clothed with rich purple scales and with a golden yellow median line on the front half, and a lateral transverse line on each side, the anterior border and sides also with golden yellow scales, back portion of the mesothorax with duller purple and brown scales and a few golden ones; scutellum with fiat purple scales, border-bristles golden-brown, there being four large ones to the median lobe and two median small ones; in front of the roots of the wings is a small tuft of black bristles and a golden-brown tuft behind; pleure with silvery-white scales; scutellum with a tuft of golden-brown bristles on its apical half and two rows of small flat golden scales. Abdomen black with basal white lateral spots; first segment with creamy yellow scales; venter creamy white, apex slightly bristly. : Legs dark brown with bronzy reflections, bases of the legs and ventral surface of the femora creamy white; ungues small, equal and simple. Wings with the veins covered with rather broad long dark scales, with the apices either flat or convex, the former slightly asymmetrical; fork-cells long, the first sub-marginal considerably longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior, its base much nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior, its stem about one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior rather more than two-thirds the length of the cell; supernumerary and mid cross-veins united at an obtuse angle; posterior cross-vein not quite its own length behind the mid. Halteres mostly black, basal part of stem yellow. Length.—3 to 3.5 mm. Habitat.—Para, Brazil (Dr. Durham). Observations.—Described from a series caught by Dr. Durham. It is a most beautiful species with brilliant thorax, the three golden marks on the mesonotum looking like the upper part of a cross. Females only have been received. They seem to be intermediate between Sabethes and Trichoprosopon, but clearly come in the same section as the latter owing to the metathoracic scales, but they differ from T. nivipes in that the venation is of Oulex type. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF SIMONDELLA CURVIROSTRIS: Ce petit moustique habite les bois; il se rencontre aux environs de Rio de Janeiro & 300-500 métres d’altitude. Trés probablement il pond dans les petits dépéts d’eau accumulée & l’aisselle des bromelia ou d’autres plantes, d’ot la difficulté d’obtenir ses larves. Le corps mesure 4 millimétres de longueur, non compris la trompe. Téte.—1o Trompe. Chez la mAle, elle a la forme d’une faucilie ou d’une serpe, c’est-a-dire qu’elle est formée d’une tige droite qui se continue par un arc 4 convexité supérieure, cet arc est comme articulé par un coude avec la tige et peut s’inflechir sur elle plus ou moins. La partie droite est couverte d’écailles sombres et plus longue LIMATUS DURHAMIL 43 que l’arc terminal. La partie arquée est élargie & ses extrémités, et rétrécie en son milieu. Prés de son origine elle est sombre 4 la face supérieure et présente, a la face inférieure, un petit disque ovale garni d’écailles d’un bleu trés vif. La portion médiane rétrécie de l’arc est garnie d’écailles claires. La portion terminale est renfiée en un pinceau de coloration sombre, dont l’extrémité porte des poils courts. Chez la femelle, la trompe ne présente pas de coude, c’est une tige renflée en pin- ceau & son extrémité. Sauf 4 la base of elle a des écailles claires, elle est partout recouverte d’écailles sombres. L’extrémité des labelles est couronnée de poils courts. En général cette trompe est tenue légérement courbée en arc, l’insecte la redresse pour piquer. La longueur de la trompe, chez le male comme chez la femelle, est sensiblement égale & la longueur de l’abdomen. Hille est donc proportionnellement plus longue que chez la plupart des autres espéces. La piqfre de la femelle sur l’homme est assez légére; le male est incapable de piquer. 20 Palpes.—Semblables chez les deux sexes, trés courts (moins de 1/10 de la longueur de la trompe), velus, fusiformes. Ils paraissent formés de trois articles dont la séparation est difficile 4 reconnaitre. Leur coloration est sombre. 30 Antennes.—Semblables chez les deux sexes, a 14 articles dont le premier est un tubercule nu; les autres articles sont constitués par une tige noueuse et irréguliére dont la portion basilaire est claire et trés courte; la portion supérieure sombre forme les 4/5 de la longueur de l’article. A la base de cette portion sombre existe un verti- cille de grandes soies, la méme portion sombre porte des soies petites sur toute sa longueur; la portion claire est nue. 4o Yeux, fortement rapprochés, 4 reflet sombre. 50 Occiput couvert d’écailles blond-argenté au sommet de la téte, violet foncé en arriére des yeux, argentées et violacées sur les cétés. En arriére de l’occiput on voit une bande transversale, la nuque, couverte d’écailles blond-doré. Il existe peu de dif- férence pour cette partie de la téte entre les deux sexes. Thorax.—Semblable chez les deux sexes, revétu d’écailles de plusieurs dimensions, blond-doré, blond-argenté, violet foncé, certaines en partie bleu en partie rouge- violet. A la partie dorsale du mésothorax les écailles forment un dessin de marque- terie violet-noir sur fond doré. I] existe des faisceaux.de poils sur les cétés du thorax. Le scutellum a le lobe médian proéminent, terminé d’ordinaire par deux soies courtes. Le bord de ce lobe et des lobes latéraux porte en outre une douzaine de soies par groupes de deux, alternativement longues et courtes. Le metanotum porte des écailles et un bouquet de poils au milieu de son bord postérieur. Abdomen.—Etroit dans sa partie antérieure et renflé au niveau des cing derniers anneaux. Chez la femelle il est noir violacé 4 la face supérieure, sauf le premier anneau qui parait clair; il est blond argenté 4 la face ventrale. Chez le male les anneaux présentent chacun une bande transversale argentée alternant avec une bande noire, & leur face dorsale. La face ventrale est argentée avec une bande trans- versale noire prés de l’extrémité. Le male porte 4 l’extrémité du dernier anneau deux tubercules latéraux garnis d’un faisceau de poils. En dedans de ces tubercules on voit deux crochets mousses assez petits. Les ailes sont relativement grandes. Au repos, elles dépassent l’abdomen d’environ ¥, de leur longueur chez Ja femelle et de % chez le male. Elles sont veinées comme celles des Culex; la cellule en fourchette antérieure est plus longue de 14 environ que la cellule en fourchette postérieure. Les cétes et les bords sont garnis d’écailles sombres serrées. Il n’existe pas de taches. Les pattes sont allongées, noires en dessus, gris argenté en dessous. Les deux premiéres sont bi-ongulées, la derniére porte un seul ongle. Chez la femelle les ongles sont petits, simples, et trés peu courbés. Chez le m4le il en est de méme, toutefois la patte médiane porte ordinairement un ongle fortement recourbé dont l’extrémité se reléve élégamment de facon & rappeler un S. L’autre ongle de la méme patte est en général peu courbé et semblable aux ongles des autres pattes. Les pattes de la paire postérieure sont munies, principalement au fémur et au tibia, de nombreuses et fines épines. A l’état de repos, ces deux pattes sont relevées et gracieusement recourbées en arriére jusqu’ au dessus de la téte. M. Laveran.—Dans la lettre d’envoi de la note qui précéde, M. le Dr. Simond m’écrit que le Culicide décrit par lui appartient probablement 4 un genre nouveau. Je partage entiérement cette maniére de voir et puisque M. Simond m’a laissé le soin de donner un nom & ce trés intéressant Culicide je l’appellerai Simondeila curvi- rostris. Le genre Simondelia est bien caractérisé par la forme en serpe de la trompe chez le male et par ce fait que les pattes de la paire postérieure sont uni-ongulées dans les deux sexes. Chez la femelle le proboscide est plus long que chez la plupart 44 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA des Culicides et les palpes sont trés courts. Les ailes sont veinées comme celles des Culex. Les tarses ne sont pas annelés de blanc. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE, AND LARVA OF LIMATUS DURHAMI: Female.—Proboscis very slightly swollen at tip, labelle small, rounded, with outstanding sete ; vestiture black with bronzy reflection. Palpi short, one-eighth as long as the proboscis, black, with many dense outstanding seta. Clypeus small, rounded triangular, brown, pruinose. Antenne moderate, joints sub- equal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, silvery pruinose; hairs of the whorls sparse, rather long, black. Eyes rather broadly separated on the vertex, black; a quadrate luteous prominence in front. Occiput small, clothed with flat black scales, with blue and green iridescence; a patch of golden-yellow ones at vertex; a pair of coarse brown bristles projecting at vertex, a row of smaller black sete at margin of eyes. Prothoracic lobes large, prominent, well separated dorsally, densely clothed with large, flat, elliptical, golden scales; a row of black sete on apical margin. Mesonotum densely clothed with elliptical, flat, brown scales with a metallic- blue reflection, a large wedge-shaped dorsal patch from anterior margin and a curved patch on each side before wing-insertion golden ; some scattered golden scales behind. Scutellum weakly trilobate, vestiture of brown scales similar to that of mesonotum, each lobe with a group of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a high median carina, a tuft of brown bristles pos- teriorly preceded by one or two flat golden scales. Pleurs brown, coxe yellow- ish, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales in patches, a broad area along upper margin of pleura golden. Abdomen short subcylindrical, subcompressed, the tip truncate, with many terminal pale bristles ; dorsal vestiture black, with bronzy and purple reflection ; venter pale yellowish-silvery or golden, forming triangular incisions on the sides on the anterior parts of the segments into the black lateral color, often largest on the fifth to seventh segments; first segment clothed above with flat pale- golden scales and numerous pale-brown hairs. Wings moderate, hyaline. Petiole of second marginal cell two-fifths as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell as long as its cell ; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein. Scales of veins elliptical, many obliquely subtruncate, black with a bronzy reflection, larger and denser at the forks of the second vein. Halteres pale, with large blackish knobs. Legs moderate, slender, black with blue and bronzy reflection, femora pale golden beneath, tibie and tarsi also with golden luster below. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.-. Length: Body 3 mm.; wing 3 mm. Male.—Similar to the female. Proboscis angularly bent beyond the middle, the scales in the region of the bend and at the apex dense and roughened, deep black, but marked with a golden luster between the two groups of black scales. Antenne with the joints slightly shorter than in the female, hairs of whorls somewhat longer, ciliation coarse, sparse. Abdomen short, cylindrical, some- what expanded toward the apex, with numerous coarse brown bristles at tip. Hind legs silvery beneath throughout ; mid legs with the third, fourth, and fifth tarsal joint silvery beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.-. Length: Body about 2 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Genitalia (plate 2, fig. 3): Side-pieces small, stout, tapering, with fine sete at tips, deeply cleft for insertion of clasp-filaments. Clasp-filament large, shaft thick and uniform, bent outward at tip, ending in a point with a row of short, stout hooks, continued basally by sete; an inner appendage of about the same size as tip of filament, with an angular projection bearing a row of sete, two small triangular scales at tip. Harpes stout, enlarged at base, tips divided LIMATUS CACOPHRADES 45 into a row of teeth. Harpagones inconspicuous. Unci not prominent: a row of long stout sete in the midline. Larva, Stage IV (plate 86, fig. 272).—Head rounded, flattened at sides, hind angles broadly rounded, occipital foramen comparatively small; antenne moderate, slender, with a single hair at outer third; head-hairs all single. Lateral abdominal hairs in sixes on first two segments, in fours on third to fifth, in threes on sixth ; subdorsal hairs long, double. Lateral comb of eighth seg- ment of four well-separated spines, followed by a single hair. Air-tube fusiform, the tip small, about four times as long as the basal width; a row of three double tufts on the dorsal aspect, five such on ventral aspect, with a single hair near the base on each aspect; terminal hooks small. Anal segment longer than wide, with a rather small dorsal plate; dorsal tuft of seven long hairs on each side; lateral tuft of two long hairs from lower angle of plate; subventral tuft of three long hairs. Anal gills twice as long as the segment, broad, with rounded tips, equal. The larve inhabit water in hollow trees, cacao-husks, and the like, usually in very foul water. According to Dr. Goeldi, the larve also occur in the leaves of bromeliaceous plants and “ banana-sororoca,” but none of our collectors have found them in such situations. They are confined to similar locations to the larve of Joblotia digitatus, which they often accompany. The egg is unde- scribed. The adults are diurnal, frequenting forests. Peryassi mentions the egg taken from the ovary of a female; its length 0.68 mm., width, 0.24mm. He says they are laid singly or in small groups. The adults bite, but are not apparently very fierce. Peryassti states that they attack man and horse with avidity, but Dr. Goeldi was unable to induce any of numerous specimens to take blood. Tropical America from Sao Paulo, Brazil to Trinidad. Montserrat, Trinidad, larve in old calabash fruit in the forest, June 29 (A. Busck) ; Montserrat, Trinidad, larvee in a hollow tree near houses, June 29 (A. Busck) ; Montserrat, Trinidad, larvee in old cacao-shells, July 2, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Port of Spain, Trinidad, larve taken in a split bamboo on the ground, containing vegetable débris; very little water; vegetable feeders; the female sucks blood in the field, but does not enter houses (F. W. Urich) ; Potaro, British Guiana, May, 1909 (H.W. B. Moore). Reported also from Para, Brazil (Theo- bald, Goeldi) ; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Simond) ; states of SAo Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Goyaz, and Para, Brazil (Lutz). We have Limatus durhamii in our region from Trinidad; the Limatus from Central America are different species, while no species of Zimatus occurs in the West Indies to our knowledge. Peryasst includes the species under those with larve “essentially carnivorous or cannibalistic.” These larve are normally scavengers and we think attack living insects only when pressed by hunger. LIMATUS CACOPHRADES Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia durhami Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 228, 1906. Limatus durhamii Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 27, 1906. Limatus durhami Busck (not Theobald), Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 74, 1908. Limatus cacophrades Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 266, 1909. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF LIMATUS CACOPHRADES: Fremae.—Occiput black with blue and green iridescence, a patch of golden yellow scales at the vertex. Prothoracic lobes golden. Mesonotum dark metallic violet- scaled with golden markings, a median wedge-shaped one anteriorly and a semi- circular one before the root of the wing. Scutellum dark violet-scaled. Postscutellum bronzy brown-scaled, with blue, coppery, or golden reflections. Pleura clothed with golden scales above, silvery ones below. Abdomen with the dorsal vestiture black, 46 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA with coppery and blue reflections, the venter yellowish silvery, the colors indented on the sides. Legs bronzy black, with a brighter luster beneath. Matze.—Proboscis with a tuft beyond the middle, the tip curved and slightly thickened by scales. Coloration as in the female, except that the mid and hind legs are white-marked beneath. Twelve specimens, selected from a series, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings). Type no. 12130, U. S. N. M. This species was formerly identified as L. durhami Theobald, but differs therefrom most obviously in the color of the postscutellum. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE, AND Larva oF LIMATUS CACOPHRADES: Female.—Proboscis rather long, slightly swollen at tip, labelle small, rounded, with outstanding sete; vestiture black with bronzy reflection. Palpi minute, about one-tenth as long as proboscis, black, with dense outstanding sete. Clypeus small, rounded triangular, black, slightly pruinose. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, black, silvery pruinose; hairs of whorls sparse, rather long, black. Eyes broadly separated on vertex, black; a quadrate luteous prominence in front. Occiput small, clothed with flat black scales with a blue and green iridescence, a patch of golden-yellow ones at vertex; cheeks silvery white. Prothoracic lobes large, prominent, well separated dorsally, densely clothed with large, flat, elliptical golden scales; a row of black sete on the margin. Mesonotum densely clothed with elliptical, flat, deep-purple scales with metallic reflection; a large wedge-shaped dorsal patch from anterior margin to near middle; an arcuate band on each side, one limb resting on root of wing, these markings of golden scales. Scutellum weakly trilobate, vestiture of dark-violet scales, each lobe with a group of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a high median carina, deep brown, a tuft of black bristles posteriorly, pre- ceded by one or two flat golden scales. Pleuree brown, coxe yellowish, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales in patches; a broad area along upper margin of pleure golden-scaled. Abdomen short, subcylindrical, tip truncate, with many terminal pale bristles ; dorsal vestiture black, with a strong coppery and blue reflection; first abdominal segment clothed with bronzy-brown scales with a dark-blue reflection in some lights, a coppery or golden one in others, numerous pale-yellow hairs; second abdominal segment with a median, basal, triangular, pale iridescent patch ; venter yellowish-silvery scaled, forming broadly triangular incisions on the sides on the anterior parts of the segments into the black lateral color, most pronounced on fourth, fifth, and sixth segments. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins rather broadly triangular, black, with a bronzy reflection, larger and denser on forks of second vein and apices of third and fourth veins. Legs rather slender, black, with bronzy and blue reflection, the femora and hind tibie pale golden beneath, the tibie and tarsi with bright bronzy luster below. Claw formula 0.0-0.0-0-. Length: Body about 2.5 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Male.—Similar to the female. Proboscis angularly roughened beyond the middle, scales at apex also denser and roughened, deep black, marked with silvery luster below between the median and apical black scales. Antenne with the joints hardly shorter than in the female, hairs of whorls somewhat longer, ciliation coarse, sparse. Abdomen short, subcylindrical, somewhat expanded towards apex, with numerous coarse, pale-brown bristles at tip. Hind legs sil- very beneath throughout; mid legs with fourth and fifth joints and all but base LIMATUS CACOPHRADES 47 of third tarsal joint silvery beneath. Wings hardly narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells somewhat longer. Claw formula 0.0-0.0-0-. Length: Body about 2 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Genitalia (plate 2, fig. 2): Side-pieces short, about twice as long as wide, tips excavate for the insertion of the clasp-filament; clasp-filament long, with uniform stem, the tip divaricate, the inner branch smaller, cleft at tip, and bearing a row of sets; outer branch with a row of coarse, blunt teeth. Harpa- See and harpes small, the later toothed at tip. Basal appendages low, rounded, setose. Larva, Stage IV (plate 86, fig. 273).—Head rounded, about as long as wide, a slight notch at insertion of antenne, front margin evenly arcuate. An- tenn small, cylindrical, smooth; a single hair at outer fourth, a long hair, two short ones, and a long digit at tip. Eyes small, round. All three pairs of dorsal head-hairs and ante-antennal hairs simple. Mental plate triangular, short, a large apical tooth constricted on the sides and seven on each side which are somewhat more remote basally. Mandible quadrangular, the denti- tion highly produced; a filament from a notch before apex; an outer row of cilia; a row of six long filaments from outer margin; dentition of five teeth on a thick process, the second one longest; a serrate filament within; process below short and blunt, lying in line with front margin, obscurely furcate, with tufts of hair; a row of long hairs within; basal angle absent; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla hemispherical, short, and broad; tip truncate with a series of short triangular teeth; inner half with two rows of cilia; outer half with a row of long cilia at middle, preceded by a long articulated filament; a tooth-shaped spine near base, with a band of cilia; a small spine near palpus. Palpus proportionately rather large, with two moderate and two minute digits. Thorax rounded, moderate; hairs rather abundant, not long. Abdomen long and slender, the anterior segments shorter; lateral tufts multiple on first two segments, triple on third to sixth. Tracheal tubes slender. Air-tube small, basal half thick, outer half very strongly tapered; a row of three double hair- tufts on dorsal, seven on ventral aspect; no pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six or seven well-separated scales in a line; single scale smooth, thorn- shaped, with elliptical base. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a dorsal plate reaching well down on sides; dorsal tuft of six long hairs on each side; two long lateral hairs; no ventral brush, but a tuft of three long hairs on each side of the ventral line. Anal gills twice as long as the segment, with rounded tips, both pairs equal in length. The larve live in water of a foul nature, rich in decomposed vegetable matter, collected in cocoanut-husks, palm-leaves, and various receptacles on the ground. The eggs are unknown. The adults are diurnal and will bite man, being fairly aggressive for a sabethine. They frequent forests. Central America, Panama, and probably southward. Sonsonate, Salvador, larve in cocoanut-husks in a plantation, August 30, 1905, preyed upon by Megarhinus moctezuma (F. Knab) ; Port Limon, Costa Rica, larve in an old sprinkling-can, found in a swamp near town, associated with Aédes calopus (F. Knab) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, larve in an old tin bucket, in water in leaves of a bromeliaceous plant, in bamboo, and in a small wooden barrel near houses, July 10-18, 1907, associated, in the case of the bromelia larve with Culea jenningst and Wyeomyia circumcincta (A. Busck) ; in rain-water in a fallen palm-leaf on the bank of the upper Chagres River, Panama, June 7, 1907, associated with the larva of Anopheles eiseni (A. Busck) ; Bas Obispo, Canal Zone, Panama, larve from artificial receptacle, July 16, 1908, associated with tadpoles and larve of Culex (A. H. Jennings) ; Panama terri- tory, near Ancon, Canal Zone, in an old tin can, July 22, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; 48 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, in bamboo, July 30, December 22, 1908, asso- ciated with Hamagogus splendens (A. H. Jennings) ; Cucaracha, Canal Zone, Panama, larve in an artificial receptacle, December 27, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, larve in a galvanized pail left in the edge of a bush well up on the hillside above hotel; a striking sabethine larva, yellowish white, with black median stripe along the body to near tail, where it ceases and becomes a dead white and noticeably different from the rest of the body ; observed larve feeding on smaller individuals; January 25, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, adult caught in the bush, January 4, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Lion Hill, Canal Zone, Panama, adults captured (A. Busck) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua, adults captured (W. F. Thorn- ton) ; Zent, Costa Rica, adults captured, September 26, 1905 (F. Knab). Limatus cacophrades is closely allied to Limatus durhamii Theobald, and was at first identified as that species. The species may be separated by the difference in the color of the vestiture of the first abdominal segment, care being taken not to confuse the metallic reflection of those scales in cacophrades with the purely golden ones of durhamu. LIMATUS METHYSTICUS Dyar & Knab. Limatus methysticus Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 266, 1909. OniGINAL DESCRIPTION OF LIMATUS METHYSTICUS: Similar to L. cacophrades D. and K. Thorax with five irregular golden patches. Abdomen silvery beneath, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line. Middle legs with the last three tarsals silver white beneath in the female, white all around in the male; hind legs with the last joint silvery white beneath in both sexes. Proboscis of the male straight, slender, swollen at tip. Four specimens, Port Limon, Costa Rica, September 28, 1905 (F. Knab). Type no. 12131, U. S. N. M. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE AND MALE oF LIMATUS METHYSTICUS (LARVA UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, slightly swollen toward tip, labelle small, rounded, with outstanding sete; vestiture slightly roughened, black with a bronzy reflection. Palpi small, about one-eighth as long as proboscis, black- scaled, with dense outstanding sete. Clypeus small, rounded triangular, black- ish, slightly pruinose. Antenne rather long, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark brown, silvery pruinose; hairs of whorls sparse, rather long, black. Eyes broadly separated on vertex, black; a quadrate luteous prominence in front. Occiput small, clothed with flat black scales with a blue and green iridescence, a small golden spot at vertex ; cheeks silvery white ; two sete at vertex. Prothoracic lobes large, prominent, well separated dorsally, densely clothed with large, flat, elliptical golden scales; a row of black sete on margin. Meso- notum densely clothed with brownish-purple scales with blue and coppery re- flections ; a large wedge-shaped dorsal patch of coppery golden to near middle of disk, a lunate patch on each side before root of wing of the same color, con- eavity of spot directed toward the wing-base. Scutellum weakly trilobate, vesti- ture of violet-brown scales, each lobe with a group of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a high median carina, brown, a tuft of black bristles posteriorly. Pleurz brown, coxe yellowish, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery- white scales in patches ; a broad area along upper margin of pleure golden-scaled. Abdomen short, subcylindrical, tip truncate, with many terminal pale bristles; dorsal vestiture black with a brown and submetallic blue reflection; venter silvery-scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; first segment clothed above with bronzy-brown scales with a dark-blue reflection and with numerous pale-yellow hairs. WYEOMYIA 49 Wings moderate, hyaline, petiole of second marginal cell two-fifths as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins rather narrow on basal portion of wing, elliptical towards tip, many obliquely sub- truncate, denser and broader on apical portions of second to fourth veins. Legs rather slender, black, with bronzy and blue reflection, femora and hind tibie pale golden beneath, tibie and tarsi with bright bronzy luster below; last hind tarsal joint silvery white beneath; mid tarsi white beneath on last three joints. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0-. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. Male.—Similar to the female. Proboscis much swollen toward apex. An- tenn slender, more delicate than in the female, the joints scarcely shorter, the hairs of the whorls longer and more abundant, the ciliation coarse, scattered. Ab- domen short, cylindrical, much expanded toward apex, with numerous coarse black bristles at tip. Hind legs white below to second tarsal joint, fifth joint also white beneath, as in the female; mid tarsi with the last three joints silvery white all around. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork- cells longer, the basal cross-vein closely approximated to the anterior one. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.-. Length: Body about 2.5 mm.; wing 2.8 mm. Genitalia (plate 2, fig. 5): Side-pieces over twice as long as broad, some- what prismatic and terminating in a sharp horn at outer angle ; a prominence at base giving rise to dense, long, waved hair. Clasp-filament rather short, with a pointed branch near base; apex enlarged and divided ; inner lobe broad, with a tooth on its margin and a row of sete; outer lobe with prominences and two rows of sete. Harpes elliptical concave, toothed at tip ; harpagones small, bear- ing a pecten. Basal appendages with a row of five spatulate appendages. The typical specimens were taken flying by day in a shaded cacao grove. Mr. Jennings bred others from larve in palm-spathes lying on the ground, but unfortunately preserved no larval skins. East coast of Costa Rica to Panama. Port Limon, Costa Rica, adults captured, September 28, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Upper Pequini River, Panama, March 30, 1909, larve from palm-spathe, asso- ciated with Joblotia digitatus (A. H. Jennings). Limatus methysticus is not closely allied to the others in the genus, as it lacks the peculiar bent proboscis of the male and the colors of the abdomen are separated laterally in a straight line; we include it, however, as the structure of the claws of the hind tarsi agrees. Genus WYEOMYIA Theobald. Aédes Williston (in part, not Meigen), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 271, 1896. Aédes Giles (in part), Gnats or Mosq., 343, 1900. Wyeomyia Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901. (Without species.) Wyeomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., ii, 267, 1901. Wyéomyia Neveu-Lemaire, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xv, 228, 1902. Wyeomyia Giles, Gnats or Mosa., 2 ed., 495, 1902. Wyeomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 310, 1903. Phoniomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 311, 1903. Dendromyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 313, 1903. Aédes Johannsen (in part), N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 68, 391, 392, 424, 1903. Phoniomyia, Wyeomyia, and Dendromyia Lutz, in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 56-57, 1904 Wyeomyia Felt, N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 79, 391e, 1904. Wyeomyia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 423, 1905. Phoniomyia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 425, 1905. Dendromyia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 426, 1905. Phoniomyia and Wyeomyia Theobald, Genera Insectorum, Culic., 38, 1905. 4 50 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Dendromyia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Culic., 39, 1905. Dendromyia and Wyeomyia Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. Jamaica, 8, 1905. Wyeomyia Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 1905. Wyeomyia Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 227, 1906. Phoniomyia, Wyeomyia, and Dendromyia Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 27, 1906. Phoniomyia Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 141, 1906. Wyeomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 596, 1907. Phoniomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 598, 1907. Dendromyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 603, 1907. Wyeomyia and Phoniomyia Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xxxix, 49, 1907. Wyeomyia Howard, Osler’s Modern Medicine, i, 372, 1907. Wyeomyia and Phoniomyia Williston, Man. No. Am. Dipt., 3 ed., 108, 1908. Phoniomyia, Wyeomyia, and Dendromyia PeryassG, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 38, 1908. Wyeomyia, Phoniomyia and Dendromyia Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 41, 1909. Wyeomyia and Phoniomyia Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 44, 1909. Phoniomyia, Wyeomyia, Dendromyia Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 574, 1910. Dendromyia Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxvii, 531, 1910. Phoniomyia Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxvii, 588, 1910. Wyeomyia Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxvii, 620, 1910. The type species are: of Wyeomyia Theobald, Wyeomya grayii Theobald; of Phoniomyia Theobald, Wyeomyia longirostris Theobald; of Dendromyia Theo- bald, Wycomyia luteoventralis Theobald. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS OF ADULT: Proboscis short and stout or long and slender, with or without apical swelling. Palpi short in both sexes, the joints fused. Antenne with the joints subequal, similar in the sexes; the males with small, indistinct, subapical whorls on joints. Eyes separated above the antenne by an unusually narrow wedge-shaped or parallel- sided strip of integument. Prothoracic lobes large, well separated dorsally. Vesti- ture of flat, appressed scales, occiput without erect forked scales, mesonotum without sete on the disk. Abdomen subcylindrical, the tip blunt in the female, expanded in the male. Legs long and slender, claws small, simple, equal, in the female, those of mid tarsi unequal in the male or with but a single claw. GeENeERIc Draenosis oF Larva: Head flattened, broad, rounded, the antennz small; mouth-brushes thick but short; air-tube moderate or long, never very short, with scattered hairs or tufts and some- times pecten of a few spines; a comb of usually separate scales on sides of eighth segment. Anal segment with a dorsal plate, long-haired dorsal and lateral tufts, and usually short subventral pair; anal gills moderate, one pair sometimes more or less aborted. Most of the species inhabit the tropical parts of the American continent, one teaching into temperate and subboreal latitudes; a few species have been recog- nized from the tropics of the Old World, but these we have not seen. Phoniomyia was defined on the character of the long, slender proboscis; but we have found such great variation in the condition of this organ in the different species of Wyeomyia that it is impossible to draw any dividing line. Dendro- myia was defined on the character of the scales of the wings, which we find to be untenable. Theobald places Heizmannia Ludlow, from the Philippines, as a synonym of Dendromyia, but wrongly, as we have satisfied ourselves by examining the type. Coquillett indicated Dendromyia ulocoma Theobald as the type of Dendromyia, but Blanchard, five years earlier, had already fixed the type as Wyeomyia luteoventralis Theobald. The strip of integument between the eyes varies in shape in the different species, but in no case are the eyes actually contiguous on the face, in the manner of Sabethes. The colorational characters which we have used in the separation of the species are, we believe, as reliable and constant as any such characters usually are, much more so than they are in the more highly developed culicine genera such as Culex. They are, however, small and difficult to see, so that considerable experience is required before one can use them successfully. The color of the prothoracic lobes, the markings on the occiput and those on the feet are important, but so difficult of WYEOMYIA 51 observation that they are omitted in all the early descriptions. We have conse- quently been unable to place the species described by Theobald from South America; but this proves to be of less importance, since it is probable that the majority of them are different species from any of ours. The species of Wyeomyia are largely local and but few species possess an extended range. The markings on the feet are usually on one side only and repeated observations are required from many points of view before concluding that there is no white marking present. The distribution of white on the feet is not infrequently different in the two sexes. South American authors have concluded that these characters are variable and have consequently recognized but few species. We think this to be a wrong view and that careful study will reveal a large fauna in the American tropics. The different species of this large genus exhibit considerable diversity in the form of the scales on the wing-veins. Mr. Theobald has used this to divide the genus Wyeomyia, his description of Dendromyia indicating that it was charac- terized by broadly ovate scales with subtruncate apices. His original conception of Wyeomyia was intended to include all the species with sete and without scales upon the postnotum (Mon. Culicid., ii, 271, sixth paragraph) ; but before the work appeared he discovered that sete were also present on the postnotum of Sabethes (Mon. Culic., i, 97, footnote), so that he adds “ The species described here as Wyeomyias very closely resemble 9 Sabethes, but the wing scales are never asymmetrical as in that genus ” (Mon. Culic., ii, 268, note). Later he restricted Wyeomyia to “wings with the veins with narrowish lateral vein scales” (Mon. Culic., iii, 310), and described Dendromyia “the wings have long, broad, dense Taeniorhynchus-like scales, some ending asymmetrically ” (Mon. Culic., iii, 313). We take the type of Wyeomyia to be grayii Theobald ; that of Dendromyia is Wyeomyia luteoventralis Theobald, according to indica- tion of Blanchard. Unfortunately Theobald’s conception of what constituted a “broad” or “ narrow” scale has undergone considerable modification during the course of his studies. His original figure of Wyeomyia grayit (Mon. Culic., ii, 270, fig. i) shows a typically narrow scale; likewise his figure of Dendromyia ulocoma, the first species described in the new genus, may be conceded to repre- sent a broad scale (Mon. Culic., iii, 314, fig. 175). But his figures of Dendro- myia luteoventralis (Mon. Culic., iii, 318, fig. 177), Dendromyia mitchellii, Dendromyia smithii, and Dendromyia oblita (Mon. Culic., iv, pp. 606, 607, 608, 609, and 612) can in no sense be said to represent broad scales, being entirely typical of his original conception of Wyeomyia. This should be kept in mind in any attempt to identify Theobald’s descriptions. As a matter of fact, the species of Wyeomyta do not divide sharply on the character of the wing-scales, all sorts of intergrades existing, not only in the several species, but also on the wings of the same species, so that it is necessary to specify accurately the par- ticular area of the wing under observation; this, even admitting that these scales are of generic value, which we deny. The scales can be used in the separation of otherwise closely similar species, and we so use them in the following. Any attempt, however, to divide the genus upon this character must fail. While we have not found that the species can be associated into groups upon the scale characters, nor upon markings and coloration, yet upon the characters of the male genitalia and the larve several distinct groups appear. These are correlated with the habits. Unfortunately the early stages of many of the species are unknown to us, and of others we possess no males; but as far as the present material goes, very distinct groups are indicated. The largest group is the one inhabiting the bromelias, or rather there are two groups in these 52 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA plants. One is typified by W. mitchell, the adults possessing male genitalia of that type, while the larve agree with the type of that larva. The larve do not segregate further, but upon the genitalia three subgroups appear, namely, besides the mitchellii group, one typified by W. vanduzeet, and probably containing all the species with silvery prothoracic lobes, the other typified by W. chrysomus. To this last subgroup belongs the subboreal W. smithw inhabiting Sarracenia. The third bromelia group is uniform in the larva, typified by W. circumcincta, but shows two markedly different types of genitalia. The aberrant type is typi- fied by W. trinidadensis, and probably includes all of the species with silvery scutellum. The next distinct group consists of those species inhabiting Helt- conia, Calathea, and Calladium, and perhaps other plants holding water in the flower-bracts or leaf-axils. The group is typified by W. cacodela. The Calla- dium species, inhabiting the leaf-axils, form almost a distinct group from the flower-bract species, especially the larve being entirely dissimilar. This sub- group, or group, is typified by W. pandora. The last group is that inhabiting tree-holes, bamboo-joints, etc. This may be typified by W. symmachus. The larvee, as far as we know them, are uniform, but the genitalia indicate two sub- groups, typified, besides the symmachus group, by W. bromeliarum. Finally, there remains the group typified by W. aporonoma, with a unique type of geni- talia, allied to those of the mitchellii group, and with larve indistinguishable from that group, but living in cocoanut-husks, etc. We know so little of this group that it is difficult to be sure of its proper position. It comprises, besides apronoma, only hemisagnosta, of which we have no genitalia. Among the members of this large genus it is probable that considerable diversity exists in habits and life histories, but of most of them we know nothing. As to what fragments of information we do possess, however, they indicate a genera} similarity with the one species which inhabits temperate latitudes and is on that account better known. This species lives in the water in the leaves of the pitcher-plant, which grows in swampy localities. The eggs are deposited in the young leaves, singly, attached to the leaf-surface within before any water has accumulated. They hatch after the leaf has been filled by rain-water and the larve grow slowly, feeding upon the insect remains and other detritus that accumulate in the leaf. The larve pass the winter frozen up in the cores of ice that form in the leaves and finish their development in the spring, when, after pupation, the adults emerge. This species is not known to bite and the adults probably frequent the immediate vicinity of the marshes. We have no observations on their habits, as the species is practically never seen unless bred. In the case of the tropical species there is no necessity for a period of hibernation, but the dry season, when the water disappears from the leaves, is in all probability passed in the egg state. It may, of course, be passed in the adult state; we have no definite information on the matter, but the former seems to us the more probable. In two cases Mr. Busck has found the eggs in numbers in the newly opened flower-spathes of Heliconia, where as yet no water was present. Some of the tropical species inhabit the water between the leaves of Bromeliacez, others in other plants carrying water in the leaves, such as Calladiwwm., etc., or in flowers, in some of which the liquid is apparently largely secreted by the plant itself (Heliconia, Calathea) ; others in water in hollow trees, bamboo-joints, cocoanut-husks, etc. The species are different in the case of the several plants that have different characteristics, while the tree-hole species form another group. No species inhabit open water or earth pools. The development is usually rather slow, and even the pupal period is rather long. Many, if not all, of the tropical species as adults are diurnal in habit and the females, at least of some of the species, will suck blood. They inhabit forested regions, where their breeding-places occur. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21, 22, TABLES OF WYEOMYIA 53 TABLES OF THE SPECIES. ADULTS, STRUCTURE AND COLORATION. ¢ BCULCH UM: STIVERY. © sais as cred sre iatactrte ecaidistia gah erpiicyctate e ceyieuwsane gee obese (gO 6 -grener ag nustrae kilo nelena 2 Scutellum. not isilvery 2600s ckearsme evs wwe odss dees claies He ditiedie cde eines ess 3 . Mid tarsi without any white; prothoracic lobes coppery golden homotina Dyar & Knab (p. 58) Mid tarsi with white markings; prothoracic lobes violet-blue trinidadensis Theobald (p. an . Prothoracic lobes entirely silvery white.............. cece cece cere eee eeee Prothoracic lobes golden, or golden tipped. .......... cece cece ee eee eee eeee E Prothoracic lobes shining violet or blue.......... cece eee eee cee 11 Prothoracic lobes darkly colored, similar to the mesonotum................ 24 . Abdomen silvery-tipped above. ...... cece cece tee eee nent nent er eteenee 3 Abdomen without silvery tip... ..... cece eee cece ence ence ten e eens . Female with the hind tarsi only marked with white. minor Dyar & Knab (p. 2) Female with the mid and hind tarsi marked with white................0008 Female with all the tarsi marked with white........... ccc eee ee eee ee enee : . White on the mid tarsi indistinct, on the tip of the second joint and on last TATCE oscar 4 Sha So Sonne Sie ewe ee Bb bahama Dyar & Knab (p. 62) White on the mid tarsi distinct, on third and fourth joints conchita Dyar & Knab (p. 63) . White reflection on the under side of fore tarsi confined to the last three joints argyrura Dyar & Knab (p. 64) This color continuous on all the joints......... vanduzeei Dyar & Knab (p. 65) . Basal cross-vein less than its length from the anterior cross-vein fratercula Dyar & Knab (p. 68) Basal cross-vein distant its own length from the anterior cross-vein sororcula Dyar & Knab (p. 69) . Proboscis long and slender................64. chrysomus Dyar & Knab (p. 70) Proboscis short; and. Stouts sees esceuwers sees hee Guess se dees ee ahkG os a ere Pe Heer 10 . Mid tarsi marked with white in the female, hind tarsi dark; male unknown agnostips Dyar & Knab (p. 72) Mid tarsi not marked with white in the female, hind tarsi white-marked; male the Same......... eee eee eee eee aporonoma Dyar & Knab (p. 73) . Eyes with a continuous, narrow, white-scaled margin behind............... 12 Byes without a continuous white Margin............ ccc cece ee eect eee 14 . Mid and hind tarsi marked with white in the female; male the same guatemala Dyar & Knab (p. 75) Mid tarsi marked with white, hind tarsi dark; male the same.............. 13 White on mid tarsi on tip of the second and all of third and fourth joints abascanta Dyar & Knab (p. 78) White on mid tarsi on apical half of second and all of third to fifth joints megalodora Dyar & Knab (p. 77) Occiput with a silvery-white spot on the vertex........... cece cece eee eee 15 Occiput without a silvery spot on the Vertex. ...... cece eee cece e nese eens 20 Mid and hind tarsi marked with white in the female....................06% 16 Mid tarsi only marked with white on the female....................c0cuee 17 Prothoracic lobes pale violet; white marks on the hind tarsi broad violescens Dyar & Knab (p. 79) Prothoracic lobes dark violet; white marks on the hind tarsi small mitchellit Theobald (p. 80) Proboscis moderate; prothoracic lobes violet or blue-violet................. 18 Proboscis very long; prothoracic lobes pale blue philophone Dyar & Knab (p. 85) Prothoracic lobes violaceous; a white margin on the lower half of eye antoinetta Dyar & Knab (p. 83) Prothoracic lobes blue-Violet........ ccc cees eee ece cece cece nteteneeeeceeeee 19 White margin behind eye on less than the lower half.. smithii Coquillett (p. 94)" White margin behind eye reaching above the lower half matea Dyar & Knab (p. 93) The white on the last two hind tarsal joints continuous..................0- 21 The white on these joints interrupted............ ccc cece eee c cece eee eeeeee 23 The white on the hind tarsi complete around the joint pandora Dyar & Knab (p. 87) The white on the hind tarsi on one side on]Y.......... cece ccc ee teens 22 The apical two-thirds of second joint of the mid tarsi white canfieldi Dyar & Knab (p. 89) 54 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31, 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42, 43. 44, MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA The apical third of the second joint of the mid tarsi white melanocephala Dyar & Knab (p. 86) Wing-scales broad, obliquely subtruncate...... clasoleuca Dyar & Knab (p. 92) Wing-scales narrow, ligulate..........-.eceeeeee homothe Dyar & Knab (p. 91) Abdomen with the white on the sides deeply incised codiocampa Dyar & Knab (p. 101) 25 Abdomen with the colors separated on the sides in a straight line.......... Prothoracic lobes with a distinct white tip..........c eee e cece cece enc eenes 26 Prothoracic lobes without white tip, or only indistinctly pale-scaled........ 32 Eyes with a white-scaled margin.......... 2.0 ccc eec cence cece cee eceevenees 27 Eyes without a white Margin. ............ cece cece eee cence teteenceennee 31 Female with mid and hind tarsi marked with white; male the same........ 28 Female with the hind tarsi marked with white, the mid tarsi dark; male UN EM OWT oss a dices o's ested ss 08 wiwie ee a Moai @ ote gynecopus Dyar & Knab (p. we Female with the tarsi not marked with white............. cc cesee cere eevee White less extensive; mid legs with no white on second tarsal labesba Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 106) White more extensive; mid legs with apex of second tarsal white ablabes Dyar & Knab (p. 104) Palpi silvery tipped in the female; all white in the male................... 30 Palpi entirely bronzy black................0.0-- abebela Dyar & Knab (p. 111) Wing-scales on the forks of the second vein long, ligulate espartana Dyar & Knab (p. 108) Wing-scales on the forks of the second vein short. drapetes Dyar & Knab (p. 109) Mid and hind tarsi marked with white in the female; male unknown hosautus Dyar & Knab (p. 112) Mid tarsi only marked with white; male the same.. abia Dyar & Knab (p. 113) Tarsi not marked with white in the female; male unknown — panamena Dyar & Knab (p. 115) Eyes with a narrow white border or vertical spot..............+ see cceeees 33 Eyes without a white border or vertical spot.............c.sceeceeeeeeenee 49 A median pale stripe on occiput......... cece cece ce eee e eee eeeneees 34 No median pale stripe on OCCIPUL........ ce eee ccc cree renee ene eenes 37 The stripe on occiput broad, white........... cc ccc cece weet ee cece cence 35 The stripe on occiput diffused, iridescent. .......... cc cece cece eee e eee eeee 36 Wing-scales long, narrowly ovate............. autocratica Dyar & Knab (p. 116) Wing-scales broadly ovate, obliquely subtruncate... cara Dyar & Knab (p. 118) White of hind tarsi continuous on the fourth and fifth joints eloisa Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 121) pseudopecten Dyar & Knab (p. 119) pantoia Dyar & Knab (p. 123) White of hind tarsi interrupted at tip of fourth joint onidus Dyar & Knab (p. ne The white border of the eyes uniform............ cece eee eee eee teenies The white border of the eyes constricted or interrupted subdorsally........ ro Mid and hind tarsi marked with white in the female; male unknown adelpha Dyar & Knab (p. ears Tarsi all dark in the female.......... cece ccc cee cc cet n eect cet weceses Prothoracic lobes unicolorous, dark; hind tarsi only of the male marked with WHITE: ics dsc ckarerd x tvaauen saivinew s phic Oe nee eae eas aigdtal 8 6s ORE w ES -0'¥ aYeLaee Prothoracic lobes black above, white below..............cccceccsecccseucs 41 Hind tarsi of the male yellowish silvery white below throughout, with the TDI) sess cme s caiimies ow bay 3.0 eee bee vars galoa Dyar & Knab (p. 127) Hind tarsi of the male with the third to fifth joints silvery below cacodela Dyar & Knab (p. 129) Wing-scales very broad............cccccececucs agyrtes Dyar & Knab (p. 133) Wing-scales narrowly ovate..........cc cc cece cece eee cececcancccerecceeee 42 With white scales on the anterior edge of the mesonotum; male the same bromeliarum Dyar & Knab (p. 131) Without such scales; male unknown.............. pertinans Williston (p. 134) Mid tarsi marked with white in the female, hind tarsi dark................ 44 Mid and hind tarsi marked with white in the female...............ecceeece 45 Mid tarsi dark in the female, hind tarsi white-marked below............. 48 Mid tarsi with the fifth joint dark; proboscis whitish below telestica Dyar & Knab (p. 187 Mid tarsi with the fifth joint white-marked; proboscis danke below ae Y glaucocephala Dyar & Knab (p. 186) 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. TABLES OF WYEOMYIA 55 Scales on the forks of the second vein alike throughout, uniform.......... 46 These scales unlike, those on the basal half narrow, ligulate, those on the apical half broad and short............ cee cece eee eee e cece eeteeeee 47 Scales on the forks of the second vein short, broad, obliquely subtruncate symmachus Dyar & Knab (p. 142) These scales long, narrow, ovate.......... chalcocephala Dyar & Knab (p. 145) Mid tarsi of the female with the tip of the second, the third and fourth joints white belOW es e0iss spe saad ca eae sees s chresta Dyar & Knab (p. 139) Mid tarsi of the female with the fourth joint white below; male with the third and fourth joints white below........... abrachys Dyar & Knab (p. 141) Hind tarsi in both sexes with basal two-thirds of fourth and fifth joints white beneath, a small white spot at base of third joint simmsi Dyar & Knab (p. 146) Male with all the joints of the hind tarsi white-marked at base below (fe- male unknown) ...........+eseeee leucopisthepus Dyar & Knab (p. 148) PrObOSGis: SHOFE AIG SOU soitsss oieisie sesees iene sane lay srencie s evaie. ig ale widig te wie wiwicie dhe Welielee «© 50 Proboscis: long and slender. sos iieié ce ccsreas 6 sige t's obrniew b ewierece 8 2 sees ese eee 53 Mid and hind tarsi white-marked in the female phroso Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. ar Last two hind tarsal joints only white- ninco in the female ischuailece, Scdsberbiaaatve Hind feet all dark in the female, all the tarsi dark; male with the front and MIG legs WHILEAMATIO, sisie selec ccsaes:0%evereceie asia dace 4 ayece wiles cata eraracare Gherae save 52 White of the hind tarsi interrupted at the apex of the fourth joint in the female; male unknown.............eeeseeee baria Dyar & Knab (p. 154) White of the hind tarsi continuous in the female. pantoia Dyar & Knab (p. 123) Mid tarsi of male encircled by white........ circumcincta Dyar & Knab (p. 150) Mid tarsi, bright brassy, almost white beneath cenonus Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 153) Mid tarsi of the female marked with white............. cc cece ccc eee wee eeee 54 Mid tarsi of the female entirely dark........ scotinomus Dyar & Knab (p. 157) Mid tarsi white beneath at apex of second and all of third and fourth joints; hind tarsi dark; male unknown..... celenocephala Dyar & Knab (p. 155) Mid tarsi with the fourth joint white beneath; hind tarsi with base of second and third and all but the tips of fourth and fifth joints white beneath; Male UNKNOWN. «2... cece ec caee cece vecseecee hapla Dyar & Knab (p. 156) The following species are not included: Wyeomyia grayit Theobald, of which the description is insufficient and the type in poor condition, and Wyeomyia hemisagnosta Dyar & Knab, of which the larva only is known. 1, Mate GENITALIA (LIMATUS, WYEOMYIA, AND SABETHINUS). Side-pieces short with broad tips excavated for the insertion of the clasp- filament .. L, durhamii Theobald (p. 44} eR are ee L. cacophrades Dyar & Knab (p. 47) Side-pieces not so constructed........... cece eee cece cece cee ercesecces 2 . Clasp-filament with four lobes, the basal one long, slender and simple, the ‘i . . 8. undosus Coquillett (p. 34) inner lobe broad with a row of spines.. 8. identicus Dyar & Knab (p. 36) 3 Clasp-filament not so constructed........cccccc cece erence cece ccceecececge : . Clasp-filament greatly reduced, the side-pieces produced at the outer angle... 4 Clasp-filament somewhat reduced, supplemented by a long basal lobe bearing BI ADDONGABE? soo 0:5 acess» saiSigra -d arelasegers eo sisiolers sisiauewr so wwe s VEIES Y SReIES Ee Clasp-filament well developed without additional structure................. 8 . Outer angle of side-piece produced into a long arcuate process longer than the basal Portions ici ise detec swine alek sisters vaweeln o's aso s.2% Outer angle of side-piece shortly produced with thick spines W. autocratica Dyar & Knab (p. 117) . Outer production of side-piece curved... W. circumcincta Dyar & Knab (p. 152) Outer production of side-piece straight W. cenonus Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. a . Lobe from base of side-piece bearing two long coarse hairs................. Lobe from side-piece bearing an angled expanded filament W. cacodela Dyar & Knab (p. 130) W. onidus Dyar & Knab (p. 126) W. pantoia Dyar & Knab (p. 124) . This lobe near base; hairs long........ W. pseudopecten Dyar & Knab (p. 120) This lobe subapical; hairs shorter.... W. eloisa Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 122) 56 8. MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Clasp-filament divided into three long filamentous lobes, one of which arises close to the base.............eeceeee W. trinidadensis Theobald (p. 61) Clasp-filament slender with slender, attenuated branches, arising from the tip of the slenderly prolonged side-piece W. aporonoma Dyar & Knab (p. 74) Clasp-filament of three lobes, one of which is broad and setose; side-piece Not attenuated at th. icccie se vicienies sicie cde s heise M4 GSES oS We Sees 9 . Harpes crested by a tufted filament; lateral angles of the penultimate seg- ment strongly produced........... cece cece cece erence eee te ens eeees Harpes without crests; lateral angles of penultimate segment somewhat or NOt produced, cs ssieia sss ass oso writes ved eeworseedere oe sides os dee de Rea . Crest of harpes a fine tuft of hairs....... W. codiocampa Dyar & Knab (p. 103) Crest of harpes a row of coarse lamelle.. W. symmachus Dyar & Knab (p. 144) . Side-piece with a lobe at base bearing long waved hair L. methysticus Dyar & Knab (p. _ Side-piece without such a lobe, with three long hairs.................-2005 . Inner lobe of clasp-filament rounded elliptical, with a row of fine erect hairs. i Inner lobe of clasp-filament not so formed.............. cece cece ence ceens _ . Outer lobe of clasp-filament crested; inner lobe of side-piece not exceeding ends of harpes................-. W. bromeliarum Dyar & Knab (p. 132) Outer lobe of clasp-filament hooked; inner lobe of side-piece reaching the W. espartana Dyar & Knab (p. 109) ADEN. 4.eessushisieiatasceycsiaanys W. drapetes Dyar & Knab (p. 110) 14, Middle lobe of the clasp-filament conical pointed or furcate................ 15 Middle lobe of clasp-filament broad with truncate apex..............0eeeeee 22 15. One lateral lobe of clasp-filament slender, the other broad................. 16 Both lateral lobes of clasp-filament slender or small...................0485 19. 16. Harpes broad, pointed at tip with a few sete. W. vanduzeei Dyar & Knab (p. uy Harpes slender, bent. and dentate at: tips. <4 ssews senna ves cance s uoees oe see 17. Stem of clasp-filament short and stout.......... W. matea Dyar & Knab (p. 0) Stem of clasp-filament long and slender........... ccc cece eee cee ee nee e ee 18. Clasp-filament with only one broad lobe. W. chalcocephala Dyar & Knab (p. ia Clasp-filament with two broad lobes............ W. galoa Dyar & Knab (p. 128) 19. Clasp-filament with round, sucker-like disks.. W. abebela Dyar & Knab (p. a Clasp-filament without such structures............ ccc cece e cece e tees eneee 20. Middle lobe of clasp-filament short and broad. W. pandora Dyar & Knab (p. a Middle lobe of clasp-filament long and conical...............c cece eee ee eeee 21 21, Outer lobe smooth; middle lobe crested.... W. philophone Dyar & Knab (p. 86) Outer lobe with a spine; middle lobe spiny....... W. smithii Coquillett (p. 96) Outer lobe with several spines; middle lobe setose W. chrysomus Dyar & Knab (p. 71) 22. Harpes tipped by two filaments............. W. abascanta Dyar & Knab (p. 79) Harpes simply pointed at tip......... cece ce cece cece cece nee eeeeues 23 23. Inner and outer lobes of clasp-filament both sharply pointed.............. 24 One side-lobe of clasp-filament broad or truncate............... ccc ceeu aces 26 24. Middle lobe of clasp-filament with thickened, lined center 265. 26. 27, 28. W. ablabes Dyar & Knab (p. mt Clasp-filament without this structure........... 00... cc ceca cc cece cee cenee Outer lobe of clasp-filament long, flexuous, detached W. abrachys Dyar & Knab (p. 142) Outer lobe of clasp-filament short, angled, spine-like W. simmsi Dyar & Knab (p. 147) The broad side-lobe elliptical or subtriangular, forming a lappet opposed to the broad. céntral lobe. o.o:s suis cascewe's sree sb OAS S Seastias ere bad are acne The broad side lobe shortly truncate forming an angle on the margin of the broad central lobes ssssis asia ca sia caaeeas eueeae eude es caigewe ceuea 28 Lappet-lobe of clasp-filament dentate and tubercular W. telestica Dyar & Knab (p. 138) Lappet-lobe of clasp-filament elliptical, smooth W. mitchellit Theobald (p. 82) W. antoinetta Dyar & Knab (p. 84) Clasp-filament with median and marginal rib on middle lobe W. scotinomus Dyar & Knab 159 Clasp-filament with small detached pointed lobe 4 oe ) {w. chresta Dyar & Knab (p. 140) W. leucopisthepus Dyar & Knab (p. 149) TABLES OF WYEOMYIA 57 The following species of Wyeomyia are omitted, as we possess no male speci- mens: homotina D. & K. minor D. & K. bahama D. & K. conchita D. & K argyrura D. & K. fratercula D. & K. sororcula D. & K. agnostips D. & K. guatemala D. & K. megalodora D. & K. violescens D. & K. ’ melanocephala D. & K. canfieldi D. & K. homothe D. & K. clasoleuca D. & K. labesba How., D. & K. gynecopus D. & K. hosautus D. & K. abia D. & K. panamena D. & K. cara D. & K. adelpha D. & K. agyrtes D. & K. pertinans Will. grayii Theob. glaucocephala D. & K. phroso How., D. & K. baria D. & K. celenocephala D. & K. hapla D. & K. hemisagnosta D. & K. 1. Larvz (Limatus AND WyYEomYyIA). Air-tube with a dense fringe of long hairs on posterior margin W. canfieldi Dyar & Knab (p. 90) W. pandora Dyar & Knab (p. 89) Air-tube without dense posterior fringe.............. ccc cece eect eee ceece 2 2. Air-tube attenuated from near Dase......... ccc cece cet c cece cee ceeeeeees 3 Air-tube conically tapered or subfusiform............. ccc cece esc e eee eees 1 3. Air-tube with false pecten of spine-like hairs...............0 ccc cecceeees Air-tube without false pecten............... W. abebela Dyar & Knab (p. ies 4. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs in fives.. W. circumcincta Dyar & Knab (p. baat Upper pair in twos or threes, lower multiple a sr oNoyatout $e eb adavarsub, Shanttee ive Milne Aca sk anmney 5. A double hair behind lateral comb....... W. autocratica Dyar & Knab (p. oh A quadruple hair behind lateral comb....... W. trinidadensis Theobald (p. 61) 6. Air-tube with a false pecten.......... cece c eee cece tee e tec ree teeeees vi Air-tube without false pecten......... ccc cece eee e eee c cen c neces cesvecssees 9 7. False pecten of several teeth beyond the middle of the tube W. chalcocephala Dyar & Knab (p. — False pecten of two to four teeth before the middle of the tube............. . Comb-scales in an irregular double row; lateral abdominal hairs in part TAUWIEIDIC: oie pevecasie se osdvec warnears we avenues % W. cacodela Dyar & Knab (p. 130) Comb-scales in a patch three rows deep; lateral abdominal hairs in twos W. pantoia Dyar & Knab (p. 124) W. eloisa Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 122) W. pseudopecten Dyar & Knab (p. 120) W. onidus Dyar & Knab (p. 126) 9. A chitinous plate present with the lateral comb of the eighth segment....... 10 NO SUCH. plate ‘Present. ia vce ss sdiec is Gains eevee a du eis awa e es wards Hed HER Cw eS 12 10. Comb-scales detached from the plate or nearly so W. bromeliarum Dyar & Knab (p. eet Comb-scales situated on the plate........ cece cece cee eee tet ene eeees . Air-tube long, eight times as long as wide. W. symmachus Dyar & Knab (p. an Air-tube shorter, four times as long as wide W. codiocampa Dyar & Knab (p. 103) 12. Comb-seales in a patehs wicc cs cscc cs sivesccicews seis seasw ds eee coeur eeeee 13 Comb-scales: in. a. SIN GTC TOW ss.cisecce esicein 8s eco iaie aie olen ta aie einia wg Bib mere a enenae 0 ave 14 13. Tube and plate with black basal ring...... W. aporonoma Dyar & Knab (p. 74) Tube and plate without black basal ring. W. hemisagnosta Dyar & Knab (p. 159) 14. Comb of four well-separated scales.............. DL. durhamii Theobald (p. 45) Comb of about six scales................4. L. cacophrades Dyar & Knab (p. 47 a Comb of about ten to twelve scaleS......... cece ce ee cece e cece cece ene seee Comb of numerous scales in a long line running well toward ventral side.. i6 15. Head-hairs single; anal gills only two........... W. smithii Coquillett (n. 96) Head-hairs double; anal gills four........... W. chresta Dyar & Knab (p. 140) 16. Lateral tuft of anal plate double............ cee ccc ce cece cece cece ree eeees 17 Lateral tuft of anal plate single... .. 0... . cece cece eee eet e eee eeaes 19 17. Air-tube with a row of small tufts on dorsal aspect.............e cee eee eens 18 Air-tube with well-distributed single hairs W. scotinomus Dyar & Knab (p. 159) -W. ablabes Dyar & Knab (p. 105) 58 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA 18. Subventral tuft of anal segment short, multiple W. sororcula Dyar & Knab (p. 69) Subventral tuft of anal segment long, triple. W. vanduzeei Dyar & Knab (p. 67) 19. Tufts of the air-tube mostly in twos.......... W. simmsi Dyar & Knab (p. 147) Tufts of the air-tube mostly single...........ee sce e seer cent es cercnenes 20 20. Air-tube with a double or triple tuft near the base.............-+eeeeeceees 21 All basal hairs of the tube single.......c cee cece cere seen cee eec reece senes 22 21. Lateral abdominal hairs single........... W. philophone Dyar & Knab (p. 86) W. telestica Dyar & Knab (p. 137) Lateral abdominal hairs double... W. labesba Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 106) 92. Lower head-hairs single.........ccecc cree ee cer cer ec er eeeteeteaeeeeranens 23 Lower head-hairs double. ........-.ccee cee c cere cree ree see reece seeseeees 24 23. Ante-antennal head-hairs in threes......... W. abrachys Dyar & Knab (p. 142) Ante-antennal head-hairs in fours............. W. hapla Dyar & Knab (p. 157) 24. Upper head-hairs double............-eeeeeerees W. abia Dyar & Knab (p. 115) irs in fi W. mitchellii Theobald (p. 82) Upper head-hairs in fours........--.+-.6- W. antoinetta Dyar & Knab (p. 84) The larve of the following species are unknown: L. methysticus D. & K. W. violescens D. & K. W. galoa D. & K. W. homotina D. & K. W. melanocephala D. & K. W. agyrtes D. & K. W. minor D. & K. W. homothe D. & K. W. pertinans Will. W. bahama D. & K. W. clasoleuca D. & K. W. grayii Theob. W. conchita D. & K. W. matea D. & K. W. glaucocephala D. & K. W. argyrura D. & K. W. gynecopus D. & K. W. leucopisthepus D. & K. W. fratercula D. & K. W. espartana D. & K. W. phroso How., D. & K. W. chrysomus D. & K. W. drapetes D. & K. W. cenonus How., D. & K. W. agnostips D. & K. W. hosautus D. & K. W. baria D. & K. W. guatemala D. & K. W. panamenc D. & K. W. celenocephala D., & K. W. megalodora D. & K. W. cara D. & K. W. abascanta D. & K. W. adelpha D. & K. WYEOMYIA HOMOTINA (Dyar & Knab). Phoniomyia homotina Dyar & Knab, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 141, 1906. Phoniomyia (2?) homotina Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 623, 1910. OxicinaL DESCRIPTION OF PHONIOMYIA HOMOTINA. Tarsi without any white; abdomen and legs blackish with a dark blue sub-metallic reflection. A large species like P. magna Theobald, but differing therefrom in the color of the body and legs. 5 specimens, Port Limon, Costa Rica (F. Knab); Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, March and April (Schwarz and Barber). Type.—Cat. No. 9993, U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA HOMOTINA (MALE AND Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis long and slender, uniform ; labelle conically tapered, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture black. Palpi small, one-eighth as long as pro- boscis, clothed with black scales and rather long, fine sete. Clypeus rounded triangular, dark brown, shining. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical exca- vation, dark brown, slightly pruinose ; hairs of whorls sparse, rather long, black. Eyes black. Occiput broad, clothed with flat, appressed scales, black with blue- green reflection, a large vertical patch, silvery white in some lights, dark gray in others, a silvery patch at the sides below. Prothoracic lobes well separated dorsally, brown, clothed with dark-brown scales, with a golden reflection ; a row of sete along margin. Mesonotum black, clothed with long, narrow, curved dark-brown scales, the bristles over roots of wings short, pale. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with broad, flat silver scales, each lobe with a tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, black- ish, a tuft of small sete posteriorly. Pleure black, coxe pale brown, clothed with elliptical silvery white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, blunt at tip, with small brown terminal sete ; dorsal vestiture black, with a submetallic blue reflection ; venter yellowish silvery-white, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line. WYEOMYIA TRINIDADENSIS 59 Wings moderate, hyaline, tinged with smoky along edges of nervures ; petiole of second marginal cell slightly shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell as long as its cell; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from the anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins narrowly elliptical, brown, with a blue reflec- tion, those on forks of second vein and apex of third vein broad and denser. Halteres largely blackish. Legs slender, black, with a bronzy and blue reflection, trochanters silvery white-scaled ; femora pale bronzy beneath except at their apices; base of the first tarsal joint of the hind legs with short ciliation. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0, Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. The adults were taken in the daytime, flying in the forest. Kastern coast of Central America. Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, March 25, 27, April 15, 1906 (Schwarz and Barber) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton); Port Limon, Costa Rica, September 28, 1905 (F. Knab). Wyeomyia homotina is allied to W. trinidadensis, but is specifically distinct. It is an illustration of the diversity of the faunas of Central America and Trini- dad, the latter possessing a fauna essentially Brazilian, the former having a more endemic one. WYEOMYIA TRINIDADENSIS Theobald. Wyeomyia trinidadensis Theobald, Mon. Culic., ii, 277, 1901. Wyeomyia trinidadensis Giles, Gnats or Mosgq., 2 ed., 497, 1902. Phoniomyia longirostris Theobald (in part not Theobald), Mon. Culic., iii, 311, 1903. Phoniomyia longirostris Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 425, 1905. Wyeomyia longirostris Dyar & Knab (not Theobald), Journ. N Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 229, 1906. Phoniomyia longirostris Coquillett (not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. ser. 11, 27, 1906. Phoniomyia trinidadensis Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 141, 1906. Phoniomyia longirostris Theobald (in part not Theobald), Mon. Culic., v, 576, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA TRINIDADENSIS: Thorax deep brown, with bronzy scales. Abdomen black, with metallic green reflections, basal white lateral spots, which often pass into basal bands, venter white scaled. Legs long, black, the mid tarsi white above. Ungues small, equal, simple. Proboscis as long or longer than the whole insect. 9. Head covered with flat brown scales with metallic violet and sometimes green reflections, sides with rather grey scales; around the eyes are short black bristles projecting over them; eyes black and coppery, two long pale brown bristles project from the head between them; antenne rather short, black, basal joints with a grey sheen, almost white in some lights; palpi very short, covered with purplish-brown scales; clypeus brown, with grey sheen; proboscis thin, very long, as long or longer than the whole insect, deep brown with metallic reflection. Thorax deep brown, with flat spindle-shaped bronzy-green scales, which appear deep bronzy in some lights; numerous deep brown and golden-brown bristles over the roots of the wings; prothoracic lobes covered with flat scales, showing blue, violet and ochraceous reflections, and a few forwardly projecting bristles; scutellum densely clothed with flat bronzy scales, black when denuded; mid lobe with four border-bristles, the two median ones crossing one another; metanotum nearly black, with apparently three bristles in a row behind and two in front; pleure brown, densely clothed with flat white scales. Abdomen black, clothed with rather large flat black scales, which are more or less metallic in reflected light, deep black in other lights; at the base of each segment is a silvery-white scaled lateral spot, which on the last two segments form more or less complete white basal bands; apical segment with black bristles; first segment brown, with grey scaled sides; posterior border-bristles very short; venter densely clothed with silvery-white scales. Legs with pallid ochraceous coxe, and covered with white scales, remainder covered with deep blackish scales with metallic purple and bronze reflections; femora white scaled beneath; hind metatarsi about one-third longer than the tibie; ungues equal and simple, very small; tibie spiny; the first, second and third tarsi of the mid legs are white scaled on one side. 60 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Wings with brown scaled veins, blackish along the costa and towards the roots, the base being ochraceous-yellow; the lateral scales are long and thin, the median small, rather thick; first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than second pos- terior cell, its stem not quite half the length of the cell, its base a little nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior cell; stem of the latter longer that the stem of first sub-marginal cell, equal to about two-thirds of the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein a little longer than the mid cross-vein, distant from the latter about its own length. Halteres with bright, brown stem and fuscous knob. Length.—2.8 mm.; with proboscis 4.5. Habitat—tTrinidad (Urich). Time of capture—November and December. Observations.—Described from a good series of 9’s sent by Mr. Urich. It can at once be told from all other Wyeomyias by the abdomen having silvery-white lateral spots, which form bands apically, and by its black scaly appearance, the white abdominal bands being very clear and also the white on the tarsi. Some specimens show more abdominal bandings than others. I think the white on the mid tarsi is entirely dorsal. The proboscis is very long. They are found in cocoa groves bordering the forests, and in the forest amongst the second growth, and do not enter houses. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE AND Larva OF WYEOMYIA TRINIDADENSIS: Female.—Proboscis very long and slender, uniform, labelle conically tapered, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture black, with bronzy luster. Palpi small, one-eighth as long as proboscis, clothed with bronzy black scales and rather long, fine sete. Clypeus rounded triangular, brown, shining. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black ; tori subspherical, with a cup- shaped apical excavation, dark brown, slightly pruinose; hairs of whorls sparse, long, black. Eyes black. Occiput broad, clothed with flat, appressed scales, black, with metallic reflection, a vertical violaceous patch, silvery in some lights; a silvery-white patch at the sides below. Prothoracic lobes well separated dorsally, brown, clothed with pale violaceous scales, base silver-scaled, with a row of sete on anterior margin. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow, elliptical, dark-brown scales with bronzy reflection, almost silvery in some lights, bristles over roots of wings short, pale. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery scales, each lobe with a tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a tuft of small sete posteriorly. Pleura: brown, coxz luteous, clothed with elliptical silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, the tip blunt, with brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, a few silvery-white scales forming bands at bases of last four segments ; first abdominal segment black, with silvery luster in some lights, a silver patch at the sides; venter yellowish silvery-white, the colors separated on the sides in an extremely angular line incised at the base of each segment; scales roughened along medioventral line. Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell slightly shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins spatu- late, black, with bronzy reflection, broader and denser on forks of second vein. Halteres largely blackish. Legs slender, black with bronzy reflection, yellowish-white beneath ; tibiee and tarsi with bronzy luster beneath, mid legs with third and fourth tarsal joints whitish beneath ; hind legs with base of fourth and fifth joints whitish beneath. Length: Body about 3 mm.; wing 3 mm. Male.—Coloration asin female. Fourth and fifth joints of middle tarsi dark, vestiture roughened, the last joint very short, third joint and apex of second silvery white-scaled, encircling the joints and merging beneath with the brassy color, which extends upward to base of leg; hind tarsi without white, front and WYEOMYIA TRINIDADENSIS 61 hind legs without conspicuous pale luster beneath. Abdomen expanded towards tip, the pale dorsal bands visible on fifth and sixth segments; tip with numerous coarse ferruginous hairs. Antenne with the segments slightly shorter than in female, gradually thickened to insertions of hair-whorls; hairs of whorls long, but rather sparse; no secondary subapical whorls. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2.5 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Genitalia (plate 6, fig. 40): Side-pieces slender, over three times as long as wide; clasp-filament with a long, slender branch at base, ending in an ellip- tical apical enlargement, cleft and hairy on margin; shaft again furcate, one branch short and smooth, the other very long and spicular at tip. Harpes long, flat, with a thickened margin, which is curved and dentate at tip. Harpagones small. Unci forming a basal cone. Basal appendages, each with three long spines. Larva, Stage IV (plate 87, fig. 27'7).—Head rounded, a notch at insertion of antenne, front margin arcuate. Antenne slight, cylindrical, smooth, a small hair at outer third; a long spine, two short ones, and a long digit at tip. Eyes small, round. Head-hairs in multiple tufts. Mental plate wide, narrowly triangular; a high projecting central tooth and nine on each side, the basal ones more remote and deeply cut, the last a little larger. Mandible quadrangular with a filament from a notch before the tip; an outer row of long cilia form a collar; a row of feathered filaments on outer margin, the outer ones longest; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first longest; a broad filament and a row of short, feathered filaments within; process below short, taking the place of the basal angle, upper fork indicated only by the tuft, lower a slight pointed prominence with apical tuft; a row of fine hairs between upper tuft and denti- tion ; a row of hairs within approximate to basal hairs. Maxilla conical, divided by a suture ; inner half the larger, a band of coarse hairs at tip; outer half with two minute filaments next the suture and a subapical spine, which exceeds the apical hairs. Palpus very short, not more than one-third the length of the maxilla; apical digits small. Thorax subquadrate; hairs abundant. Abdomen slender, the hairs long. Air-tube slender, six times as long as wide, strongly tapered, at outer third less than half the basal width ; surface smooth; subdorsal and subventral series of long, single, feathered hairs in a row on each side, the apical ones smaller and more remote; pecten a short series of long, closely crowded teeth. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many spines in two irregular rows; single spines very long, tips slightly widened and fringed with spinules. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a dorsal plate reaching well down the sides; dorsal tuft of three long hairs on each side; two long lateral hairs on plate; subventral hairs a pair of stellate tufts; no ventral brush. Anal gills nearly three times as long as the segment, lanceolate, subequal. The larve live in the water between the leaves of bromeliaceous plants. The eggs are unknown. Island of Trinidad and Tobago Island, British West Indies. Sangre Grande, Trinidad, larve in water in bromelias (F. W. Urich) ; Port of Spain, Trinidad, larve in water in bromelias, associated with Wyeomyia telestica and Culex imitator (F. W. Urich); Tobago Island, near Trinidad, larve in water between leaf-sheaths of bromelias, July 13, 1905 (A. Busck). Wyeomyia trinidadensis was referred by Theobald as a synonym of his W. longirostris from Brazil. We have a single specimen of the latter species from S40 Paulo, Brazil, kindly sent us by Dr. Lutz. This shows the vestiture of the mesonotum of a dark bronzy and blue iridescence, whereas the specimens from Trinidad have these scales of a dull gray-brown; we therefore think that they represent distinct species. 62 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA WYEOMYIA MINOR Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia minor Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 138, 1906. Wieomyia minor Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 51, 678, 1909. Wyeomyia minor Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 624, 1910. OnierInaL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA MINOR: Head blackish, a silvery spot on vertex; proboscis black; prothoracic lobes silvery white; thorax light bronzy brown; pleure and coxe silvery; abdomen black, pale beneath; legs dark, femora and tibie pale below, middle pair without whitish on tarsi above; hind pair with the tarsi from side view silvery at the bases of the joints. 7 specimens, Baracoa, Cuba, September, 1901 (A. Busck). Type.—Cat. No. 9992, U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA MINOR (MALE AND Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, swollen apically, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sets; vestiture with bronzy reflection. Palpi short, flattened, one-eighth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, pilose, black; tori subspherical with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish with a silvery-white pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, convex, slightly prui- nose, luteous brown. Eyes separated at vertex by a rather broad wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a metallic reflection, a silvery-white spot at vertex and a narrow white border along lower half of eye, widening to a patch below. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with flat scales, silvery- white; a row of black sete anteriorly. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat brown scales, with bronzy reflections; scales on anterior lateral angles whitish. Scutellum trilobate, with the vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a low, broad median carina, dark-brown, a group of small sete on the posterior margin. Pleurse dark-brown, the coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at tip, with long, dark-brown terminal sete ; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight bronzy metallic reflection; eighth segment ane silver-scaled ; venter white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight ne. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell over one-third as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross- vein distant nearly its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding scales of veins long, ligulate, brown, with bronzy reflection on costa, denser on forks of second, third and upper branch of fourth vein outwardly. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs. Legs rather slender, brown, with a bronzy and blue reflection; femora and tibie pale beneath ; hind legs with basal half of first tarsal joint white beneath, the other joints with a basal white mark beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2.2 mm. ; wing 2.5 mm. Life history and habits unknown. Cuba. Baracoa, September, 1901 (A. Busck). WYEOMYIA BAHAMA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia smithii Coffin (not Coquillett), in Shattuck, The Bahama Isls., 282, 1905. Wyeomyia bahama Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 138, 1906. Wyeomyia bahama Johnson, Psyche, xv, 70, 1908. Wyeomyia bahama Theobald, Mon. Culic., v. 623, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA BAHAMA: Proboscis black, bronzy beneath, rather short, much thickened at the tip; head black, a white spot at vertex, silvery at the sides; prothoracic lobes silvery; thorax WYEOMYIA CONCHITA 63 bronzy brown; pleure and coxe silvery; abdomen black above, silvery white below. Femora and tibie blackish, pale beneath; second to fifth joints of tarsi of hind feet whitish at base from side view. 16 specimens, Tarpon Bay, Bahama Islands (T. H. Coffin). Type—Cat. No. 9990, U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA BAHAMA (MALE AND Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather short, enlarged apically, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete ; vestiture black with bronzy reflection. Pa!pi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as the proboscis, bronzy black. Antennz moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup- shaped apical excavation, yellowish, with a silvery-white pruinosity; hairs of whorls moderate, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, convex, silvery pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a rather broad wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat, brown scales with a slight metallic blue and bronzy reflection, a white patch on lower parts of sides and one at the vertex between the eyes, a row of bristles along margins of eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with flat silvery-white scales, a row of sete along the anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with ellip- tical, flat, brown scales with submetallic bronzy reflection ; the scales on anterior lateral angles whitish; a group of sete on anterior margin and at roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, with the vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a low, broad median carina, brown, a group of small setae near posterior margin. Pleure and coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales and a few long, black sete. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at tip, with long, dark-brown terminal setee; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight metallic reflection; last segment sil- very, with coppery luster in the middle ; venter silvery white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line, scales along ventral line somewhat raised. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant nearly its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding scales of veins long, ligulate, brown, with bronzy and blue reflection on costa, denser at tip of wing. Halteres whitish, with brownish knobs. : Legs rather long and slender, femora brown, with a bronzy and blue reflec- tion, pale beneath; hind legs with tibiae and basal half of first tarsal joint whitish beneath, second, third, fourth, and fifth joints marked with white at base beneath ; mid tarsi with apex of second and all of last three joints silvery- white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2.5 mm; wing 2.5 mm. Life history and habits unknown. Bahama Islands, British West Indies. Tarpum Bay, Eleuthera, and Long Island, July 7, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; New Providence Island, February 28, 1915 (H. G. Dyar). WYEOMYIA CONCHITA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia conchita Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 264, 1909. Wieomyia conchita Pazos, San. y Ben., ii. 50, 676, 1909. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA CONCHITA: Proboscis moderate, distinctly swollen towards the apex. Occiput dark-scaled, with bronzy and iridescent luster, a patch of silver scales on the vertex. Prothoracic lobes entirely silver-scaled. Abdomen dark-scaled above with faint bronzy and blue luster, the tip silver-scaled, venter white-scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line. Legs dark-scaled, paler with brassy luster beneath, the mid tarsi white beneath on the tip of the second and the last three joints, hind tarsi broadly white-marked at the bases of all the joints beneath. Wing-scales narrow. Length, 2.5 mm. Fourteen specimens, San Antonio de los Bafios, Cuba (J. H. Pazos). Type no. 12180, U. S. N. M. 64 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DESCRIPTION OF FeMALE OF WYEOMYIA CONCHITA (Mate AND Lanva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, enlarged apically, labella small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete ; vestiture black, with a faint bronzy luster. Palpi short, flattened, one-seventh as long as proboscis, bronzy brown. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; pilosity coarse ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brownish luteous, whitish pruinose; hairs of whorls moderate, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, convex, luteous brownish, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a rather broad wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat, brown scales, with a slight metallic blue and bronzy reflection, a silvery white patch at sides and one at vertex between the eyes ; a row of bristles along margins of eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with flat silvery-white scales, a row of setze along anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat, brown scales, with submetallic, bronzy reflection, scales on anterior lateral angles whitish ; a group of sete on anterior margin and at root of wing. Scutel- lum trilobate, vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a low median carina, dark-brown, a group of small sete on the posterior margin. Pleure and coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales and a few long, brown sete. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at tip, with numerous long, dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight metallic reflection, last seg- ment silvery at sides and along hind margin; venter white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line, the scales along the ventral line somewhat raised. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about one-third as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross- vein distant nearly its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding scales of veins long, ligulate, brown, with bronzy and blue reflection on costa, denser and slightly broader at apices of second to fifth veins. Halteres whitish, with dark knob. Legs rather long and slender, brown with bronzy and blue reflection, the femora pale beneath; hind tarsi with all the joints broadly white-marked at the base beneath, involving about two-thirds of the joint on the fifth; mid tarsi with a continuous white stripe on outside of third and fourth joints; tibie and fore tarsi pale-brassy beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2.5 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. The larvee live in water between the leaves of Tillandsia sp. (Bromeliacee) (J. H. Pazos). Cuba. San Antonio de los Bafios (J. H. Pazos). WYEOMYIA ARGYRURA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia argyrura Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv., 70, 1908. Wyeomyia argyrura Pazos, Anal. Acad. Cien. méd. fis. y nat. Habana, xlv, 480, 1908. Wieomyia argyrura Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 51, 677, 1909. Wyeomyia argyrura Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 627, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA ARGYRURA: Female.—Proboscis moderate, swollen at the tip, black-scaled; occiput dark-scaled with iridescent reflections, a diffuse silvery spot at the vertex, sides of the head white-scales, running up part way along the ocular margin; prothoracic lobes entirely silvery-scaled; mesonotum dark bronzy brown-scaled; abdomen black-scaled above with bluish reflection, the tip silver-scaled; beneath silvery-scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line. Legs deep brown-scaled with bluish and bronzy reflections, femora and tibie white beneath as also the front tarsi, the white broader and more distinct on the third joint; on the hind legs all the tarsal joints WYEOMYIA VANDUZEEI 65 have silvery white basal marks beneath, which extend well towards the apex; mid tarsi with the apex of the second, and all of the succeeding joints silver white-scaled above and beneath. Length, 2.5 mm. One specimen, San Antonio de los Baifios, Cuba (J. H. Pazos). Type.—Cat. No. 12009, U. S. N. M. Nearest to W. sororcula Dyar and Knab, but distinguished by the silvery tip of the abdomen. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA ARGYRURA (MALE AND Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, tip somewhat expanded, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete ; vestiture black, with bronzy reflection. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy brown. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish with a slight white pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, blunt, convex, brown, slightly pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a rather broad wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat, brown scales with a submetallic reflection, a silvery spot at vertex and a large, white spot at lower part of sides extending well up along margin of eye; a row of sete along margin of eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with flat silvery-white scales, some coarse sete along anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with ellip- tical, flat brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection; scales on anterior lateral angles whitish. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and con- tinuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark-brown, a group of small sete near pos- terior margin. Pleure partly brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate apically and with numerous long dark- brown terminal sete ; dorsal vestiture black with a slight metallic reflection ; the last segment silver-scaled; venter white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell nearly as long as its cell; basal cross-vein distant nearly its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding scales of veins long, ligulate, brown, with a slight bronzy reflection on costa, denser at apices of second and third veins. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. Legs rather long, slender, black with a bronzy reflection ; femora pale beneath, tibizee pale-brassy beneath; hind tarsi with all the joints broadly marked with silvery-white at base beneath ; mid tarsi with the third and fourth joints silvery- white beneath ; fore tarsi with silvery luster beneath on last three joints, merg- ing into the bronzy luster of the other joints. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2 mm.; wing 2 mm. Life history and habits unknown. Cuba. San Antonio de los Bafios (J. H. Pazos). WYEOMYIA VANDUZEEI Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia smithii Smith (in part), Rept. Mosq. N. J., 3538, 1904. Wyeomyia vanduzeei Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 138, 1906. Dendromyia smithii Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., iv, 611, 1907. Wyeomyia vanduzeei Theobald, Mon. Culic., v., 623, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA VANDUZEEI: Head brown with a silvery patch at vertex and one on each side of the occiput; proboscis black; prothoracic lobes silvery; thorax brown with two white spots in front; pleure silvery; abdomen blackish with bluish luster, white below; legs dark, pale beneath, middle pair with tip of third, fourth, fifth joints pale above; from side view the tarsal joints of hind legs show white at base. 5 66 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA 12 specimens, Estero, Florida (J. B. Van Duzee), bred from larve in leaves of Bromelias. Type.—Cat. No. 9988, U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE, AND Lagva OF WYEOMYIA VANDUZEEI: Female.—Proboscis moderate and distinctly swollen apically, labellz small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy-black. Palpi short, flat- tened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy-black. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish, with a slight pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, luteous brown, slightly pruinose. Hyes separated at vertex by a rather broad wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat, brown scales, with a metallic reflection, a silver-white spot at vertex, a silvery patch below at sides, running up along margin of eye; a row of sete along margin of eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with flat scales, silvery- white; a row of sete in front. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat, brown scales with a submetallic reflection ; scales on lateral angles whitish. Scutellum weakly trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesono- tum, each lobe with a small tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, promi- nent, with a broad, low median carina, dark-brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure dark-brown, the coxz luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate apically, and with numerous long, dark- brown terminal sets; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight metallic reflection; the last segment silver-scaled along the posterior margin; venter yellowish white-scaled, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell more than one- third as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell slightly shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant nearly its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding scales of veins long, ligulate, black, with bronzy reflection on costa, denser at apices of second to fourth veins. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. Legs rather long, slender, black, with a bronzy and blue reflection, femora and tibise pale-brassy beneath ; fore tarsi with a silvery reflection beneath; mid tarsi, with apical portion of second, the third and fourth joints white beneath ; hind tarsi broadly marked with white at base of each joint beneath. Claw formula 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Male.—Proboscis more gradually thickened than in the female; antenne sim- ilar to those of the female, hairs of whorls slightly longer; palpi as in the female; wings slightly narrower than in the female, the venation and vestiture the same; abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat expanded towards apex, which bears numerous coarse bristles. Coloration similar to the female. Mid tarsi with first joint shorter and stouter than in front or hind legs, the tip of the second, and all of third, fourth, and fifth joints broadly silvery-white beneath, the first and second joints with a silvery luster beneath in some lights. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2 mm. ; wing 2mm. Genitalia (plate 3, fig. 13) : Side-pieces rather short, tips conically tapered ; clasp-filament with a short stem, divided into three lobes, the inner one rather broad, pointed, with a row of long hairs on the margin; middle lobe thick, conically pointed, with a group of long hairs near base, two rows of fine ones outwardly, and a small lobe near tip; outer lobe long, slender. Harpes broad, inner margin thickened, ending in a pointed tip that bears several hairs. WYEOMYIA VANDUZEEI 67 Harpagones small, forming a basal cone. Unci similar to harpagones, but smaller. Basal lobes each with three sete. Larva, Stage IV (see figure of entire larva, plate 43).—Head rounded, with prominent hind angles; antennz small, slender, with a single hair beyond the middle; head-hairs short, single. Thorax transverse, rounded subrectangular, mesothorax forming a wavy lateral outline; lateral hairs in part long, the long ones few, the short tufts abundant; dorsal hairs very small, single or in small tufts ; a short, densely feathered tuft on lateral margin of prothorax. Abdomen rather stout, the segments submoniliform, slightly elongate posteriorly, of equal width ; lateral hairs numerous on first and second segments, single on third to seventh ; subdorsal and subventral hairs in small, sparse tufts, the subdorsal tufts in a single row. Air-tube slender, over five times as long as wide, uniform, tip conically tapered ; a row of six smal] double tufts along anterior margin, a longer double tuft posteriorly, and two small tufts towards the tip; apical hooks small. Lateral comb of eighth segment a row of single spines nowhere doubled, becoming smaller ventrally. Anal segment about as long as wide with a large dorsal plate ; dorsal tuft of four long hairs on each side; lateral tuft of two long hairs at angle of plate: subventral tuft of three rather long hairs. Anal gills large, three times as long as the anal segment, broad, with rounded tips and fine trachez. The larve live in the water between the leaves of epiphytic plants (Bromeli- acee) growing on trees. Mr. Junius B. Van Duzee obtained the larva at Estero, Florida. He writes: “The movements of the larvae from the bromelias in general are much more refined than those of other larve with which I have come in contact. In the first place, none of the Bromelia larve are so rapidly jerky as the movements of the other larve ; their movements are more sedate; both old and young larve float upward and downward with a graceful undulating movement, and which they use much more effectively and more often than other larve. Another thing I notice is that they hang straight downward instead of horizontally or at an angle, and also that they remain in the same spot while taking air. The adults bite. Mosquitoes that hatched out from the same Bromelia water from which the specimens of larvee were taken that I sent you, lost no time in drawing their fill of blood when I inserted my finger in the breeding-jar.” In reply to a query Mr. Van Duzee says: “ Yes, the bromelias contain larve all the year around . . . I find them in the fall, winter, and spring, and expect to find them there in the summer. The dews are very heavy here most of the year, and a dew-drop immediately slides down the leaf into the cup as soon as it strikes the bromelia leaf.” On the other hand, the bromelias at Miami, Florida, where the species also occurs, were all dry in March, as observed by Messrs. Dyar and Caudell. The larve at Estero, Florida, were associated with Wyeomyia antoinetia, but this species was present in small numbers. Southern Florida. Estero, larve taken April 22 and May 6, 1906, in water between the leaves of Bromeliacee (J. B. Van Duzee) ; Osprey, adults captured July 19, 1901, August 31, 1901 (J. G@. Webb) ; Biscayne Bay (Mrs. A. T. Slosson). This species is very closely allied to Wyeomyia argyrura from Cuba, and we have some doubt whether the two forms should be separated specifically. We keep them separate, however, on the character used in the table until we obtain fuller material, and especially the larve of the Cuban form. 68 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA WYEOMYIA FRATERCULA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia fratercula Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 139, 1906. Wyeomyia fratercula Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 624, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA FRATERCULA:? Prothoracic lobes silvery white; head black behind, a square, diagonally placed, white spot on the vertex, the sides below also white; front tibia above bronzy with only a slight blue reflection. One specimen, Martinique, W. I., July (A. Busck). Type.—Cat. No. 9995, U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCRIPTION oF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA FRATERCULA (MALE AND Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, swollen apically, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding setx ; vestiture bronzy-black. Palpi short, flattened, one-eighth as long as proboscis, bronzy-black. Antennz moderate, the joints slender, sub- equal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish, with a silvery-white pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, brownish, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a rather broad wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat, brown scales, with a blue metallic reflection, a silvery-white spot at vertex, Jie below running up shortly along eye margin; a row of sete along margin of eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with flat scales, silvery- white ; a row of sete along anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat, light-brown scales with submetallic reflection; scales on anterior margin and lateral angles whitish. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, promiment, with a low, broad, median carina, brown, a group of small sete near the posterior margin. Pleure dark-brown, coxee luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate at tip, with many long, dark- brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight bronzy and blue reflection ; venter yellowish white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line, the scales along median line suberect. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from the anterior cross-vein ; outstanding scales of veins long, ligulate, black, with bronzy reflection on costa, denser and broader apically. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. Legs rather long, slender, black, with a bronzy and blue reflection; femora whitish beneath; tibiee and tarsi with a brassy luster beneath; mid legs with outer half of second and all of last three joints silvery-white beneath; hind legs, with basal half of first tarsal joint white beneath, the others with a broad white basal mark beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2.5 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. The larva was obtained by Mr. Busck in water in an angle of the iron support of the roof of an old deserted sugar-mill. The species is probably addicted to Bromeliacez, but in this case the convenient corner of the iron-work, well above the ground and no doubt filled with dead leaves and insects, furnished a passable substitute. Martinique, French West Indies. Near Fort de France, larve in water in iron-work of i 1905 (A. Busck). 2 an old mill, July 24, The single type specimen before us is the only specimen known. WYEOMYIA SORORCULA 69 WYEOMYIA SORORCULA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomnia grayii Dyar & Knab (not Theobald), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 228, 1906. Wyeomyia grayii Dyar (not Theobald), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 19, 1906. Wyeomyia sororcula Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 139, 1906. Wieomyia sororcula Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 51, 678, 1909. Wyeomyia sorocula Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 624, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA SORORCULA: Prothoracic lobes silvery white; head black behind, a square, diagonally placed, white spot on the vertex, the sides below also white, less broadly and squarely so than in W. fratercula; front tibie dark metallic-blue above. 53 specimens, San Francisco Mts., Santo Domingo, W. I., August and September (A. Busck). Type.—Cat. No. 9996, U. S. Nat. Mus. The larva of this species has been described under the name Wyeomyia grayii Theob. (Journ. N. Y. ent. soc., xiv, 228, 1906), as identified by Mr. Coquillett. W. grayii was described from Santa Lucia, and is most probably specifically distinct from any of the forms before us. We can not be clear on this point, for Theobald’s description of grayii makes no mention of the color of the prothoracic lobes, so we do not even know if grayii belongs to the present group. However, each island seems to have its own species in this group of Wyeomyia, and the rule will probably hold good in this case. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE AND LARVA OF WYEOMYIA SORORCULA (MALE UNKNowN): Female.—Proboscis rather swollen towards tip, stout ; labellee small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture black, slightly roughened beneath. Palpi short, flattened, one-eighth as long as proboscis, bronzy-black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish, with a silvery- white pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, luteous pruinose. Hyes separated at vertex by a rather broad wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat, brown scales with a metallic reflection, a silvery-white spot at vertex and a narrow white border along lower half of eye, widening to a patch below. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with flat silvery-white scales. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat, light-brown scales, with sub- metallic reflection; scales on lateral angles paler. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a low, broad median carina, dark-brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure dark-brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate at tip, with many long dark- brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight bronzy and blue reflection ; venter yellowish-white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line, the scales along median line suberect. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell nearly half as long as its cell ; that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell; basal cross-vein distant its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding scales of veins long, ligulate, black, with blue reflection on the costa, denser and broader at apex of wing. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. Legs rather long, slender, black with a bronzy and blue reflection; femora whitish beneath; tibia and tarsi with brassy luster beneath; mid legs, with apical portion of the second, and all of third, fourth, and fifth joints silvery- white within ; the hind tarsi have the basal halves of all the joints white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2.5 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Larva, Stage [V (plate 88, fig. 278). —Head rounded; eyes small. Antenne small, smooth, with a single hair at outer third; four irregular spines and a 70 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA digit at tip. Mental plate triangular, with a long central tooth and twelve on each side, all very even and regular. Mandible quadrangular, triangularly widened outward; a filament before tip; an outer row of cilia from a collar, which is nearly parallel to the outer margin ; a short row of branched filaments on the outer margin, followed by a slender detached one; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first the longest; a long spine before, a broad lamella and a stout filament with divided tip within ; process below continuous with the basal angle, scarcely produced, irregularly indented on outer edge; a row of hairs along outer margin; a row of feathered hairs within and a row of long ones at base. Maxilla irregularly spherical, unevenly divided by a suture; inner portion much the larger, inner surface covered with long spinose hairs, mixed with stout spines on margin; a conical prominence at tip, succeeded by a row of hairs along the suture: outer portion with two small filaments next the suture. Palpus small, with four small apical digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long, the hairs long. Abdomen slender, the segments rounded; lateral hairs multiple on first two segments, single on the succeeding ones, all long. Air-tube conically tapered, about five times as long as wide, dark with a pale tip; four double subdorsal hairs and four single subventral ones; no pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment a very long row of single teeth; teeth conical, with even spinules at tip. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a dorsal plate reaching well down the sides; dorsal tuft of four long hairs in pairs on each side; two long lateral hairs on the plate; a pair of small subventral tufts; no ventral brush. Anal gills moderate, equal. Mr. Busck obtained the larve in the San Francisco Mountains of Santo Domingo, August 29, 1905, in water between the leaves of an epiphytic plant (Bromeliacer), associated with Wyeomyia mitchell. He also captured a number of specimens of the females which came in the daytime to the porch of the house to bite and were annoying. Santo Domingo and Cuba. San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, August and September, 1905 (A. Busck) ; San Antonio de los Bafios, Cuba (J. H. Pazos). WYEOMYIA CHRYSOMUS (Dyar & Knab). Phoniomyia chrysomus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 208, 1907. Phoniomyia chrysomus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lil, 75, 1908. Phoniomyia chrysomus Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 579, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF PHONIOMYIA CHRYSOMUS: g.—Proboscis long and slender, black; occiput dark scaled, a small silvery spot on the vertex; prothoracic lobes prominent, clothed with shining coppery scales; mesonotum and scutellum clothed with dark scales with faint greenish and bronzy luster, sete of scutellum dark; metanotum deep brown with a group of sete; abdo- men black above with faint bluish sheen, beneath silvery white, the colors separated in a straight line; legs dark, with brassy reflection beneath, the mid legs with the third and fourth tarsal joints and the apex of the second silvery white at the side. Length.—2.5 mm. One specimen, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, collector), bred from larve in water in leaves of Bromelias. Type.—No. 10854, U. S. National Museum. DESCRIPTION OF MALE OF WYEOMYIA CHRYSOMUS (FEMALE AND Larva UnxnowNn): Male.—Proboscis long and slender, uniform, labellz conically tapered, with fine outstanding sete ; vestiture black, a line of lustrous silvery scales beneath. Palpi small, one-tenth as long as proboscis, clothed with black scales and rather long, fine sete. Clypeus rounded-triangular, dark-brown, slightly pruinose. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, the last joint shorter than the preceding ones and slightly thicker, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori sub- WYEOMYIA CHRYSOMUS val spherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark-brown, slightly pruinose; hairs of whorls rather long, moderately abundant, black. Eyes separated on vertex by a narrow wedge, black. Occiput clothed with flat, appressed scales, black with blue and green reflection, a vertical white patch between the eyes, a white patch at the sides below, a row of sete along margin of eyes. Prothoracic lobes separated dorsally, brown, clothed with coppery scales with a violaceous golden reflection. Mesonotum black, clothed with flat, brown scales, with obscure bronzy luster, anterior margin silvery-white scaled. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with scales similar to mesonotum, each lobe with a tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish, a tuft of small sete posteriorly. Pleure brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, silvery- white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed to apical third, with many coarse, black terminal sete, apex somewhat enlarged; dorsal vestiture black, with a sub- metallic bronzy and blue reflection; venter yellowish-silvery-white, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line, the last segment dark. Wings rather narrow, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross- vein less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding scales of veins long, ligulate, black, with a bronzy-blue reflection on costa, those at apex of wing denser and slightly broader. Halteres largely blackish. Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy and blue reflection, trochanters silvery-white beneath, femora and tibie pale-brassy beneath, mid legs with tips of second and all of third and fourth tarsal joints white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0—-0.0. Length: Body about 3 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Genitalia (plate 3, fig. 14): Side-pieces over twice as long as broad, tips much tapered ; basal lobes rounded triangular, setose; three long sete in a row. Clasp-filament short, stout, divided into three lobes ; inner one slender, smooth ; middle one broad, conically tapered, bearing rows of sete; outer one slender, with several teeth towards the tip. Harpes broad, with a thickened margin, the tips curved and obscurely dentate. Harpagones forming a basal cone. Unci forming a similar, smaller cone. Basal appendages small, each with three sete. The larve were obtained by Mr. Busck in water in the leaves of an epiphytic bromeliad growing on a tree in a native village near Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, associated with Orthopodomyia phyllozoa, but no larval skins were preserved. Panama. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, June 25, 1907 (A. Busck). This species is similar to Wyeomyia luteoventralis, from Para, Brazil (Theo- bald, Mon. Culicid., ii, 348, 1901), and Wyeomyia quasiluteoventralis, from British Guiana (Theobald, Mon. Culicid., iii, 317, 1903), the types of which Dr. Howard has examined in the British Museum. He reports: “ Prothoracic lobes with purplish-coppery scales; middle tarsi with the three terminal joints whitish; eye margin narrowly white above, broadly so below; proboscis not swollen.” This report covers both species. It is possible that they are the same and that W. chrysomus isasynonym. These species, however, should have broad wing-scales, as they were referred by Theobald to Dendromyia, which is char- acterized by broad wing-scales. Our species has narrow wing-scales. We are aware of Theobald’s figure of the wing of Dendromyia luteoventralis (Mon. Culicid., iii, 318, 1903), showing narrower scales ; but we can not tell from what specimen it was made, as he cites several new and widely separated localities, and may have had several species confused under this name. We therefore retain the name Wyeomyia chrysomus for the form before us. 72 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA WYEOMYIA AGNOSTIPS Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia agnostips Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 211, 1907. Wyeomyia agnostips Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 74, 1908. Wyeomyia agnostips Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 625, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA AGNOSTIPS: Proboscis rather slender, distinctly swollen towards the tip, black scaled; palpi short, black scaled; clypeus prominent, black; occiput dark scaled, with blue and green iridescence, the eyes not margined by pale, a small silvery spot at the vertex, at the sides and beneath bright silvery; prothoracic lobes large and prominent, well separated, clothed with shining coppery scales, which become violaceous on the sides; pleura silver scaled; mesonotum clothed with brown scales, with slight metallic luster, basally and on the scutellum with faint greenish reflection, sete at the bases of the wings and on the scutellum golden yellow; metanotum pitchy brown with a bluish bloom, a group of sete towards the apex; abdomen compressed, clothed above with black scales with greenish luster, beneath with creamy white shining vestiture, the colors separated in a straight line on the sides; legs dark, brassy beneath, the middle pair with the apical three fourths of the second joint and all the succeeding joints silvery white on the inner side, hind legs with the fourth and fifth tarsal joints white on the inner side. Length, 4.5 mm. One specimen, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, collector), cap- tured in bamboo woods. Type.—No. 10858, U. S. National Museum. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA AGNOSTIPS (MALE AND Lakva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather short and stout, swollen at tip, labelle with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy-black. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy-black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, sub- equal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, blackish, with a whitish pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, dark-brown. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish-black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a metallic blue reflection, a small silvery-white spot at vertex, a large patch at lower part of sides; a row of sete along margin of eyes. Prothoracic lobes prominent, collar-like, remote dorsally, clothed with flat, shining, golden and coppery scales, with a violaceous luster in some lights, a row of setz along front margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat, brown scales with a submetallic reflection ; scales on lateral angles whitish; a group of ferruginous bristles over roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with three lines converg- ing towards the posterior angle, dark-brown, a group of small sete near the posterior margin. Pleure dark-brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically and with many long, dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight greenish and coppery metallic reflection; venter yellowish-white, submetallic, colors sepa- rated at sides in a straight line, the scales raised along the ventral line, the seventh segment with a median line of brownish raised scales. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-fourth as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell much shorter than its cell; cross-veins incident, outstanding scales of the veins broadly ovate, mostly obliquely trun- cate, brown with blue reflection on costa, shorter and denser apically. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy reflection ; femora and tibie of hind legs pale-golden beneath; tibie and tarsi with a pale-bronzy luster be- neath ; mid tarsi with apical two-thirds of second and all the succeeding joints silvery-white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. WYEOMYIA APORONOMA 13 Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 4 mm. The single specimen was captured in bamboo woods in the daytime. Panama. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, adult captured in bamboo woods, May 3, 1907 (A. Buseck). This species is referred by us to Wyeomyia, although the generic characters are not well shown. The strip of integument between the eyes is very narrow and but slightly wedge-shaped ; the prothoracic lobes are rather closely approxi- mated, and more prominent than is usual in the genus; the cross-veins are in- cident, and the wing-scales broad and asymmetrical, all the characters showing an approach to Sabethinus. The species is therefore intermediate, but the char- acters are not sufficiently prominent to keep the species out of Wyeomyia, nor do they warrant the erection of a separate genus for the species. WYEOMYIA APORONOMA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia aporonoma Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 227, 230, 1906. Wyeomyia aporonoma Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 71, 1908. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA APORONOMA: The air tube is pale, straight, tapered only near tip, with scattered single hairs. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of scales in a broad band, beginning above in single teeth, then a double row below, the teeth smaller. Anal segment with the sub- ventral tuft small and stellate. Anal plate and tube with a black basal border. Body hairs fine, stellate. The junior author got the larve at Sonsonate and San Salvador, Salvador; Santa Lucrecia, Mexico; Port Limon, Costa Rica. They were in cocoanut shells, a hollow in a stump of a banana tree and cacao shells. The species was named ‘“ Dendro- myia ? quasiluteoventralis Theob.” but we have been averse to adopting a name so doubtful. The following is an abstract of the table: 1. Anal processes equally developed............. ccc eee eee e cece tenes 3 3. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of many teeth inalongline.... 4 4. Comb of teeth in a band, at least in part two rows deep............ vi 7. Tube without false pecten........... cece eee cece cece rete eens 9 9. Tube straight, tapered only near tip; tube and plate with black basal PAD og sagas seeds sass oe ein ves eicis 8 whale io oS ieacetere wacene alee aporonoma DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE, AND LarvA OF WYEOMYIA APORONOMA: Female.—Proboscis moderate, the tip somewhat expanded, the labellz small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete ; vestiture bronzy black, silvery whitish be- neath nearly to tip. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antennz moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, blackish, with a silvery-white pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, silvery pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a very narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat black scales, with a blue reflection, a small coppery metallic spot at vertex and a large white spot at lower part of sides; two long sete at vertex and a row of short ones along margins of eyes. Prothoracic lobes rather large, collar-like, remote dorsally, clothed with flat, coppery-golden scales with violaceous reflection; a row of sete along anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales, with bronzy and blue reflection; scales below lateral angles with brassy luster; bristles at roots of wings reddish brown, those on anterior margin dark. Scutellum trilob- ate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a broad, low, median carina, black in the middle, luteous laterally, a group of 74. MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA small sete near the posterior margin. Pleura and coxz luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed on basal half, truncate apically and with many long, dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight bronzy and blue reflection ; venter yellowish white, colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-third as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross- vein distant much less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins dense, short, broadly oval, black, with a slight bronzy reflection on costa, denser apically, especially on second and third veins. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy reflection, femora whitish beneath ; tibiee and tarsi with a pale bronzy luster beneath ; hind tarsi with basal three-fourths of fourth and all of fifth joints white beneath; scales at base of hind tarsi slightly roughened. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 4 mm. ; wing 4 mm. Male.—Proboscis and palpi as in the female; antennz also similar, the joints elongate, cylindrical, slender, slightly thickened at insertions of whorls, hairs longer and more abundant than in the female, the last joint about equal to the preceding one, slightly thickened, very coarsely pilose. Coloration as in the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the vestiture sparser, cross-veins incident. Middle legs with a silvery luster throughout on the under side; hind legs marked as in the female. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. ; Genitalia (plate 5, fig. 31) : Side-pieces stout at base, attenuated at apex, in- sertion of clasp-filament indistinct ; three long hairs towards base ; basal lobes setose ; clasp-filament slender, long, a spine at basal third, a prominence at outer third, tip very slender, twice angled, pointed, with small spines at first angle. Harpes broad, inner edge thickened, curving at tip and ending in a few teeth. Harpagones forming a basal cone. Unci forming a cone similar to the harpa- gones, but smaller. Basal appendages low, each bearing five small sete. Larva, Stage IV (see figure of entire larva, plate 44) —Head rounded, hind- angles roundedly prominent, a thick black margin on foramen, sides slightly arcuate, front margin broadly arcuate, with a slight notch at antennal inser- tion. Antennz moderate, cylindrical, smooth, without hair; four hairs and an attenuated digit at apex. Eyes small, round. Dorsal head-hairs single, ante- antennal tuft triple. Mental plate triangular; central tooth large, with eleven side teeth, the basal ones more remotely placed. Mandible quadrangular, slightly spinulated at base; a filament before tip; an outer row of cilia from a collar; a dense row of ten divided filaments on outer margin; dentition of four teeth on a process, the outer long; a broad filament and five feathered hairs with tufted tips within ; process below long, but projecting only slightly beyond the basal articulation, tip widely but shortly furcate, with long tufts at end of each limb and a row of hairs on outer margin; no basal angle, the inner and basal long hairs nearly continuous. Maxilla irregularly hemispherical, divided by a suture ; inner half large, with a row of coarse teeth on margin and a line of fine hairs within ; a row of long hairs at tip; outer half small, lunate; a single filament next the suture, with cleft tip; a small spine on the other side. Palpus small, with four minute terminal digits. Thorax rounded quadrangular, much wider than long; hairs abundant, long; short hairs in small tufts. Abdomen. slender, segments widening posteriorly; lateral hairs on first two segments multiple, double on third to fifth, single on sixth and seventh; short hairs in WYEOMYIA GUATEMALA 75 tufts. Tracheal tubes moderately broad, band-shaped, strongly flexuous, nar- rowed in seventh and eighth segments. Air-tube slender, slightly tapered on outer two-fifths, with single scattered hairs; a black ring at base. Lateral comb of eighth segment a rather long band of spines, single above but widening to two or three deep below, the lower ones smaller; single spine thorn-shaped, pointed from the side view, broad, with seven terminal spinules from the top view. Anal segment as long as wide, with a dorsal plate completely cut at corners and edged by a black rim; dorsal tuft of two groups of long hairs on each side; two long lateral hairs at angle of the plate; a pair of small subventral tufts. Anal gills moderate, broad, twice as long as the segment, with rounded tips and fine trachee, all four equal. The larve live in water in dead vegetable tissues, such as tree-stumps, cocoa- nut-shells and cacao-husks, containing much vegetable detritus and rich in organic matter. Mr. Busck observes: “ The larve are long, slender, and moniliform, with yellow head, short tube, and long anal appendages ; they hang perpendicularly from the surface of the water when breathing, but can remain very long under water and burrow down into the sediment on the bottom when disturbed; they are thus easily over- looked.” Central America and Panama. Sonsonate, Salvador, larvee from water in cocoanut-husks, August 30, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Zent, 20 miles inland from Port Limon, Costa Rica, larve in very dark-brown liquid in the hollow stump of a banana tree, September 16, 1905, associated with Culex mortificator (F. Knab) ; Port Limon, Costa Rica, larve in cacao-husks in cacao orchard, September 28, 1905, associated with Limatus cacophrades (F. Knab) ; Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, larve in a hollow tree- stump, June 10, 1907, associated with Hemagogus albomaculatus (A. Busck) ; Caldera Island, Panama, larve in a hollow in the stump of a banana tree, May, 29, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, larve in bamboo- traps, December 15, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Las Cascadas, Canal Zone, Pan- ama, May 17, 1908, larve in a tree-hole (R. L. Turner). The specimens are all bred and have been killed too soon after emergence, so that the eyes and other parts of the head are much shrunken and invaginated. As a consequence we are unable to see the exact condition of the strip of integu- ment between the eyes. It is evidently very narrow, the eyes seeming practically contiguous above. We assume that the strip widens somewhat below, although this part is concealed in all the specimens. The species seems closely allied to the preceding species (W. agnostips D. & K.), having similar coloration and structure of the wing-veins, so that it seems probable that the head structure is also similar. Later specimens show a very narrow strip between the eyes, widen- ing to a wedge below. WYEOMYIA GUATEMALA Dyar & Knab. Wvyeomyia guatemala Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 139, 1906. Wyeomyia ablechra Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 66, 1908. Wyeomyia guatemala Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 624, 1910. Wyeomyia ablechra Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 626, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA GUATEMALA: Prothoracic lobes silvery white; head black on the occiput, a very narrow white margin to the eyes, distinct at vertex and sides, nearly obsolete at the middle. Body and legs colored as in the other species of this group. Two specimens, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April (Schwarz and Barber). Type.—Cat. No. 9994, U. S. Nat. Mus. 76 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA ABLECHEBA: : Female.—Proboscis long and slender, dilated at the apex, black-scaled; palpi slender, black-scaled; occiput dark-scaled, with blue and green reflections, the margin of the eyes dull whitish scaled, interrupted on each side below the vertex; prothoracic lobes metallic violaceous, a large patch of silvery scales at the apex, basal portion silvery-scaled; mesonotum dark-scaled, with faint bronzy and blue reflections; abdomen dark-scaled above, with slight blue reflection, beneath white- scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; legs dark-scaled, with bronzy reflection; on the mid-legs the apical portion of the second tarsal joint and all of the third, fourth, and fifth silvery white beneath; hind legs with a dash of silvery white at the bases of all the tarsal joints beneath. Length, 3.5 mm. Eighteen specimens, Sonsonate, Salvador, August 16, 1905 (F. Knab). Type—Cat. No. 11985, U. S. N. M. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA GUATEMALA (MALE AND Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather long, tip somewhat expanded, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bluish black, brighter bronzy beneath. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark brown, with a slight pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, blackish brown, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales, with an iridescent reflec- tion, a white line at margin of eyes, somewhat narrowed at vertex, a large white spot at lower part of sides ; two long setz at vertex and a row of small ones along margin of eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat, bronzy-vio- laceous scales, the apices and bases silvery. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection, the scales on front edge and below the lateral angles whitish; bristles over roots of wings brown. Scu- tellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mes- onotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, with a broad, low median carina, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long, dark-brown terminal sete ; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight bronzy and blue reflection ; venter white ; colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell from one-fourth to nearly one-half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from the anterior cross- vein ; scales of veins moderate, ligulate, black, broader and denser on apical part of the wing, a slight bronzy reflection on costa. Halteres whitish, with large black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy reflection, the femora pale beneath ; tibize brassy beneath ; middle tarsi with apical half of the second and all of last three joints silvery white on outer side; hind tarsi with a small white mark at base of each joint beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3 mm.; wing 3 mm. Mr. Knab captured adults as they came to bite in the daytime, in a shady lane between plantations. Central America. Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, March 29, April 14 and 15, 1906 (Schwarz and Barber) ; Sonsonate, Salvador, August 19 and 30, 1905 (F. Knab) ; San Salvador, Salvador, August 16, 1905 (F. Knab). In our original description of this species we made an error of observation and described the prothoracic lobes as “silvery white.” We consequently failed to WYEOMYIA MEGALODORA 77 recognize the species in Mr. Knab’s Salvadorean specimens and redescribed the species, creating a synonym. The reéxamination of the specimens for this monograph led to the discovery of the error. As far as we have observed, all the species of Wyeomyia with silvery pro- thoracic lobes are confined to the West Indies, none occurring upon the main- land, except in southern Florida, which has an essentially West Indian fauna. WYEOMYIA MEGALODORA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia megalodora Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 69, 1908. Wyeomyia megalodora Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 626, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA MEGALODORA: Female——Proboscis long and rather slender, swollen at the apex; occiput dark- scaled, obscurely iridescent, margin of the eyes narrowly dull white-scaled; pro- thoracic lobes pale violaceous, iridescent, without light scales at the apices; meso- notum dark brownish-scaled, with obscure bronzy and bluish luster; abdomen above blackish-scaled, with faint bronzy and bluish luster, beneath coarsely white- scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; legs dark-scaled, with bronzy and bluish reflections; the tarsi of the front and hind legs unmarked; the middle legs, with the apical half of the second and all of the succeeding joints, silvery white-marked beneath. Length, 3.5 mm. Two specimens, Sonsonate, Salvador, August 30, 1905. (F. Knab.) Type.—Cat. No. 11998, U. S. Nat. Mus. The prothoracic lobes in certain lights have a shining appearance at their apices, but do not seem to be clothed with differently colored scales from those of the general surfaces of the lobes. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA MEGALODORA (MALE AND Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather long, tip expanded, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy black, paler beneath. Palpi short, flattened, slender, one-seventh as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori sub- spherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish brown, with whitish pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, yellowish brown, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales, with a bronzy and blue reflection, a dull-white margin behind the eyes joining a large silvery-white spot at lower part of sides ; two long sete on vertex and a row of smaller ones behind the eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat bronzy vio- laceous scales; a row of sete on anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales, with bronzy and blue reflection; scales below lateral angles and a few on anterior margin whitish; sete over roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with low, broad median carina, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure brown, cox luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight bronzy and blue reflection ; venter yellowish white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line, the scales raised along the mid-ventral line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross- vein distant much less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins ligulate, black, with a slight bronzy reflection on costa, broader and denser on forks of second vein and on apical portions of third and fourth veins. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. 78 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Legs long and slender, black with bronzy reflection, the femora whitish be- neath ; tibiz and tarsi with a bright bronzy luster beneath ; middle legs with tip of second and all of third to fifth tarsal joints white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0--0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. The adults were taken by Mr. Knab as they came to bite, in a shady lane be- tween plantations. Salvador. Sonsonate, August 30, 1905 (F. Knab). WYEOMYIA ABASCANTA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia abascanta Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 65, 1908. Wyeomyia abascanta Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 625, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA ABASCANTA: Female.—Proboscis moderately long and slender, somewhat swollen at the apex, black-scaled; occiput dark-scaled, with blue and green metallic reflection, the margin of the eyes dull white-scaled; prothoracic lobes dark-scaled, with blue, purple, and bronzy reflections, a patch of silvery white scales at the apex, basal portion silvery white scaled; mesonotum bronzy-brown scaled, with dark bluish reflection; pleura silvery-white scaled; abdomen dark-scaled above, beneath coarsely white-scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; legs dark, with bronzy and blue reflections, the mid legs with the apex of the second tarsal joint, all of the third and fourth joints and part of the fifth silvery white-scaled on the under side. Length, 3.5 mm. Male.—The markings are as in the female. Two specimens, Trinidad, British West Indies, June. (A. Busck.) Type.—Cat. No. 11983, U. S. N. M. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE AND MALE OF WYEOMYIA ABASCANTA (LaRva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather long, tip expanded, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy black, paler beneath. Palpi short, flattened, one-seventh as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish, with a slight white pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, yellowish, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection, a narrow dull- white margin behind the eyes, joining a large white spot at lower part of sides; two long sete at vertex and a row of short ones along margins of eyes. Prothoracie lobes large, elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat bronzy-violaceous scales ; a row of sete on anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales, with a bronzy and blue reflection, scales below lateral angles and a few on anterior margin whitish; sete over roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Post- notum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, with a low median carina, a group of small sete near the posterior margin. Pleure brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight bronzy and blue reflection ; venter yellowish white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line; scales along mid-ventral line somewhat raised. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross- vein distant less than its own length from the anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins ligulate, black, with a slight bronzy reflection on costa, broader and denser on forks of second and fourth veins and on third vein, particularly towards tip of wing. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. WYEOMYIA VIOLESCENS 719 Legs rather long and slender, black, with a bronzy reflection, the femora whitish beneath; tibiee and tarsi with a bronzy luster beneath; middle legs with tip of second and all of third and fourth joints silvery white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3.2 mm. Male.—Proboscis as in the female. Palpi minute. Antenne similar to those of the female; hairs of whorls longer and more abundant. Coloration as in the female. Wings slightly narrower, vestiture sparser, basal cross-vein about its own length from anterior cross-veins. Legs marked as in the female, the white on mid tarsi situated on outer side, the bronzy luster beneath strong. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Genitalia (plate 4, fig. 19): Side-pieces long, about three times as long as wide, the tips sharply conical; a conical lobe at basal third within covered with fine hairs. Clasp-filament with a slender stem, constricted slightly at its apical third and an expanded terminal portion, which is rounded quadrate, setose, inner edge revolute, with a row of hooked spines and a small, elliptical, bent prominence, the outer edge thickened and revolute. Harpes slender, with a pair of appendages at tip. Unci broad and short. Larva.—Our specimen is too much broken to be described. Only a part of the head remains. Mr. Busck found the larve in water in the leaf-sheaths of a terrestrial brome- liad, resembling a century-plant, growing on the pitch lake at La Brea, Trini- dad, associated with Culex imitator. Trinidad, British West Indies. La Brea, bred from larve, July 8, 1905 (A. Busck). WYEOMYIA VIOLESCENS Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia smithii Pazos (not Coquillett), Bull. Soc. ent. de France, 135, 1904. Wyeomyia violescens Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 138, 1906. Wieomyia violescens Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 51, 679, 1909. Wyeomyia violescens Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 623, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA VIOLESCENS: Head black, a silvery spot on vertex; proboscis black; prothoracic lobes pearly violet; thorax bronzy brown, scales towards the margin more metallic; pleurae and coxae silvery; abdomen black with bluish reflection, silvery beneath; legs blackish, femora and tibiae pale beneath, middle pair with part of third, fourth and fifth tarsal joints pale above; hind pair with the tarsi laterally white at the bases of the joints. 8 specimens, Cayamas, Cuba, May and June (EH. A. Schwarz). Type.—Cat. No. 9991, U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA VIOLESCENS (MALE aND Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather long, distinctly swollen apically, vestiture black, with a bronzy and blue reflection ; labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete. Palpi short, flattened, one-seventh as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, with a slight pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, brown, pruinose. Eyes separated at the vertex by a broad wedge produced anteriorly into a blunt point, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales, with a metallic reflection, a small silvery-white spot at vertex, a white patch below, produced upward a distance along margins of eyes; two long sete at vertex and shorter ones along margins of eyes. Prothoracic lobes large, elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat, pale, shining violaceous scales; a row of sete anteriorly. Mesonotum clothed with 80 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA elliptical, flat brown scales, with a bronzy and blue reflection ; scales on lateral margins whitish, a few pale scales in front; sete at roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of meso- notum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, rounded, dark brown, a group of small, pale sete near posterior margin. Pleurs luteous, brown in the middle, coxe luteous, clothed with ellip- tical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically and with many long, dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight metallic reflec- tion ; venter yellowish white; colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding scales of veins broadly linear, black, with bronzy reflection on costa, broader and denser at ex- treme apex. Halteres whitish, with black knobs. Legs rather long, slender, black with violaceous and blue reflection, femora and tibie whitish beneath; mid tarsi with apical half of second and all of third, fourth and fifth joints white beneath ; hind tarsi whitish beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3 mm. The adults were captured by Mr. Schwarz as they came to bite in the daytime, some in the woods, some in the house. Cuba. Cayamas, May 8 and 30, March 3 and 9, June 3 and 8 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Santiago de Cuba, May 28, 1903 (J. R. Taylor). The species is also reported by Dr. J. H. Pazos from Daiquiri, under the name Wyeomyia smith. WYEOMYIA MITCHELLII (Theobald) Pazos. Dendromyia mitchellii Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 37, 1905. Wyeomyia ochrura Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 227, 229, 1906. Wyeomyia ochrura Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 141, 1906. Wyeomyia pertinans Dyar & Knab (in part), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 168, 1906. Dendromyia mitchellii Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 605, 1907. Wyeomyia geonents Pazos, Anal. Acad. de Cien. méd., fis. y nat. Habana, xlv, 429, 1908. Wieomyia mitchelli Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 51, 676, 1909. Dendromyia mitchellii Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 591, 1910. Wyeomyia ochrura Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 625, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF DENDROMYIA MITCHELLII: Head deep brown, with grey scales at the sides; proboscis and palpi deep brown; antenne brown. Thorax deep shiny brown, clothed with deep brown scales; pleurae bright ochraceous, with patches of silvery white scales. Abdomen deep blackish, with grey or creamy venter; unbanded and unspotted; apex dark ventrally, with black bristles; legs long and thin, deep brown, except one side of the last three mid tarsi (and the tip of the fourth, which is black), and the apex of the first, which are shiny silvery white. Wings with brown scales; fork-cells long. 9. Head deep brown, clothed with flat deep-brown scales, except around the eyes, where there is a broad border of grey scales showing violet reflections, and at the sides, and also a creamy patch in the middle in front; a few curved black bristles project forward over the eyes. Proboscis deep blackish brown, nearly as long as the abdomen, slightly swollen apically. Palpi deep blackish brown, with short black bristles, about one-eighth the length of the proboscis; antenne deep brown, with long dark verticillate hairs and grey pubescence on the internodes. Eyes black (in the dead insect). Thorax deep shiny black, clothed with irregularly disposed, bronzy-black, flat, spindle-shaped scales and large, flat, spatulate ones with dull violet reflections over the roots of the wings, and deep brown bristles; there are also large, flat scales before the scutellum. A few grey scales in front over the head; prothoracic lobes clothed with small, flat, brown scales above, with dull silvery white ones below; a patch of small, flat, silvery-white scales on each WYEOMYIA MITCHELLII 81 side of the mesonotum in front, scarcely showing in the dorsal view; scutellum testaceous, clothed with small, flat, dull brownish violet, spatulate scales and brown border-bristles; metanotum deep to bright brown according to the light, with a few chaete arising from black spots towards its apex; pleure ochraceous, with patches of small, white, flat scales. Abdomen blackish, the scales showing dull violet reflections, border-bristles very small and pallid; venter entirely clothed with dull white scales and a few black ones apically, and with many straight black bristles at the apex. Legs long and thin, deep blackish brown with bronzy reflections, the hind femora dilated apically, the last three mid tarsi and the apex of the first silvery white on one side, except just at the apex of the last segment; ungues small, equal and simple. Wings with brown scales, those on the apex of the two branches of the second long vein slightly broadened, some of the other lateral vein-scales long and rather thin, especially on the stem of the second and on the fourth; first sub- marginal cell considerably longer and a little narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing than that of the latter cell, its stem about one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell about two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid cross-vein, about half its own length distant from it; mid and supernumerary cross-veins almost in a straight line. Halteres with pale ochraceous stem and fuscous knob. Length—4 mm. Time of capture——January (1904). Habitat—Jamaica. Observations.—Described from a single perfect female taken by Dr. Grabham. It can at once be identified by the white mid tarsi. This appears to be on one side only, apparently the upper surface. It can be at once told from the other species by the above character and the cephalic adornment. No special notes have been made on this insect. There are more lateral linear scales to the wings than in the type of the genus, but it more nearly approaches Dendromyia than Wyeomyia. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA OCHRURBA: The air tube is pale, with concolorous tip, with coarse single hairs. Pecten teeth of the comb of the eighth segment simple. Subventral tuft of the anal segment, large and stellate; lateral hair single. Abdominal hairs tufted. Mr. Busck collected the larva at San Domingo, in the leaf stalks of young palms; it was named “ Dendro- myia sp.” by Mr. Coquillett. We have it also from Mr. Urich in Trinidad, named “ Phoniomyia longirostris Theob.” and from Surgeon W. Campbell in Dominica named “ Wyeomyia grayii Theob.” What it would have been named the next time it occurred, we do not know, as we propose to fix it now by a name of its own. The following is an abstract of the table: 1. Anal processes equally developed.......... ccc cece cece eee eeee 3 3. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of many teeth inalongline.... 4 4. Comb a long row of single teeth, nowhere doubled................. 5 5. Tube with coarse single hairs, all pale...........-... cece eee ences 6 6. Air tube 3% X 1; spines of comb scales shorter than the base.. ochrura DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE AND LARVA OF WYEOMYIA MITCHELLII: Female.—Proboscis moderate, swollen at tip, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy black, narrowly pale beneath nearly to tip. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. An- tennz moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, with a slight pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, luteous brown, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with iridescent reflection, a small white spot at vertex, a patch below continued upward as a narrow border along half of the eyes; two long bristles at vertex and shorter sete# along the margins of eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat scales, bronzy violet, narrowly paler at tip; basal half silvery. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection ; a few scales on anterior margin and below lateral angles whitish ; setee over roots of wings dark 6 82 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum ellip- tical, prominent, with a broad, low median carina, dark brown, a group of small setee near posterior margin. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black with a slight bronzy and blue reflection ; venter yellowish white ; colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-half as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell slightly shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from the anterior cross-vein; out- standing scales of veins ligulate, truncate at tip, black, with bronzy reflection on costa, those on forks of second vein and on apices of third and fourth veins broader and denser. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy and blue reflection ; femora whitish, tibiee brassy beneath; tarsi with bronzy luster below; mid legs with apical portion of second, and all of third, fourth, and fifth tarsal joints white on outer side; hind tarsi with small white spots at bases of all the joints beneath ; fore tarsi without white markings. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3.7 mm. Male.—Proboscis as in the female, with a bronzy shade beneath becoming silvery at base. Palpi much as in the female, very short. Antenne as in the female, the hairs of the whorls somewhat longer and more abundant. Colora- tion asin the female. Wings slightly narrower than in the female, venation and vestiture much the same. Abdomen subcylindrical, expanded at tip, apex with numerous coarse, dark bristles. Middle legs normal, a yellowish-silvery shade beneath throughout, the outer side marked with white, as in the female; white marks on hind tarsi somewhat longer than in the female. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3 mm.; wing 3 mm. Genitalia (plate 4, fig. 20) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, the tips conically tapered; basal lobes small, roundedly triangular, setose; three long sete in a row; clasp-filament with slender stem, the tip expanded into a cup- shaped clasp of three lobes, the inner slender and smooth, the middle one broad, with truncate, excavated tip, and rows of sete, the outer elliptical, setose on the margin. Harpes concave, the tip curved and obscurely toothed. Harpagones forming a basal cone, the unci another. Basal appendages small, each with two short stout sete. Larva, Stage IV (plate 88, fig. 279) —Head rounded, about as long as wide, posterior angles rounded, the sides nearly straight, front margin evenly arcuate. Antenne cylindrical, smooth, a single hair at outer third; two short spines, two very short ones, and a digit at tip. Eyes small, round. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs in fours, lower pair double. Mental plate wide and shallow, front margin arcuate; a long prominent central tooth and thirteen on each side, even and regular, the basal ones more deeply cut. Mandible quadrangular; a filament from a notch before tip; an outer row of long cilia from a collar; a row of branched filaments before outer margin; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first longest; a short notch before, a broad filament, and five slender ones within ; process below remote, taking the place of the basal angle, widely but shortly bifid, with tufts of hair at tips of forks; a row of fine hairs between it and the dentition ; a row of long hairs within; a row of long hairs at base. Mazxilla elongate elliptical, divided by a suture; inner half with sharp spines along the margin and a median row of cilia; a row of very coarse, thick hairs at tip ; outer WYEOMYIA ANTOINETTA 83 half with a minute filament next the suture and a long spine subapically, which exceeds the apical hairs. Palpus less than half as long as maxilla, with minute apical digits. Thorax rounded, moderate; hairs rather abundant. Abdomen slender; first two lateral tufts multiple, third to fifth double and long, sixth single. Air-tube moderate, tapered on outer half, four times as long as wide; hairs single, fine, scattered on both surfaces ; texture smooth; no pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many single spines in a long, straight band, nowhere doubled ; single spine elliptical, conically tapered at tip, smooth. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a dorsal plate reaching well down the sides; dorsal tuft of two long hairs on each side; a single long lateral hair; subventral tuft large, stellate; no ventral brush. Anal gills moderate, equal. The larve live in the water between the leaves of Bromeliacee and in similar locations. Mr. Busck found them in water in the leaf-sheaths of a young palm and in another case in an epiphytic bromeliad. Dr. Pazos collected the larve from a species of Tillandsia (Bromeliacezx). Santo Domingo, Jamaica, and Cuba. Near Santo Domingo City, Santo Domingo, larve in leaf-sheaths of a young palm, August 17, 1905 (A. Busck) ; San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, larve in a bromeliad growing on a tree, August 29, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Kingston, Jamaica (M. Grabham) ; Jamaica, February 17, 1904 (M. Grabham) ; banks of the river Ariguanabo, San Antonio de los Bajios, Cuba, larve in leaves of a Tillandsia sp. (J. H. Pazos). The name mitchell was founded on a single adult from Jamaica; the name ochrura was given to larve from Santo Domingo, Trinidad, and Dominica. We have restricted the name ochrura to the specimens from Santo Domingo, the other larve, although similar, representing different species. Dyar and Knab referred to ochrura specimens from Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, and southern Florida, and later placed the name as a synonym of Wycomyta pertinans; but further study has revealed specific differences between all these forms. Wyeomyia mitchell extends throughout the Greater Antilles, but does not reach the mainland, not even southern Florida. It is less localized than most other species of this genus, especially as compared with the species with silvery prothoracic lobes, which occupy the same region, and are not only differ- ent on every island, but represented by several species in Cuba. WYEOMYIA ANTOINETTA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia ochrura Dyar & Knab (in part), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 141, 1906. Wyeomyia antoinetta Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 263, 1909. Wieomyia antoinetta Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 51, 679, 1909. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA ANTOINETTA: Proboscis moderate, distinctly swollen at the apex. Occiput dark-scaled, obscurely iridescent, the margin of the eyes not white-scaled, a silvery spot on the occiput and on sides below. Prothoracic lobes dark-scaled, with a violaceous luster, the apex and base silvery-scaled. Abdomen dark-scaled above with obscure bronzy and blue luster, white-scaled beneath, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line. Legs dark-scaled with a paler bronzy luster beneath, mid tarsi with the outer half of the second and all of the last three joints silver-white-scaled out- wardly, hind tarsi unmarked. Wing-scales narrow. Length, 3 mm. One specimen, Estero, Florida (J. B. Van Duzee), bred from larve in bromelia- ceous plants. Type no. 12179, U. S. N. M. DESCRIPTION OF MALE AND LARVA OF WYEOMYIA ANTOINETTA (FEMALE UNKNOWN): Male.—Proboscis moderate, swollen apically, labellee small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy black, a paler shade below, silvery basally. Palpi short, flattened, one-seventh as long as proboscis, bronzy black. 84 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Antennez moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish brown, with a whitish pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather abundant, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, luteous, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a metallic reflection, a small white spot at vertex and a silvery patch below; two long sete at vertex and shorter ones behind margins of eyes. . Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat scales, shiny, bronzy violaceous, white at tip and base; a row of sete along anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with submetallic re- flection; scales on anterior margin and lateral angles whitish; sete at roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and con- tinuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a low, broad median carina, brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, expanded towards tip, with many long, dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black with a slight bronzy and blue reflection ; venter yellowish white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-half as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell as long as its cell ; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding scales of veins broadly linear, black, with bronzy reflection on costa, denser and broader apically. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy and blue reflection; femora whitish beneath, tibise and tarsi with pale-brassy luster beneath ; mid tarsi with apical half of second, and all of third, fourth, and fifth joints white on outer side. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0—0.0. Length: Body about 2.5 mm.; wing 2.3 mm. Genitalia (plate 4, fig. 18): Side-pieces narrow elongate, tips conically tapered ; basal lobes rounded triangular, setose ; three long sete in a row; clasp- filament with slender stem, the tip expanded into a cup-shaped clasp with three lobes ; inner lobe slender and smooth; middle lobe broad, with truncate excavate tip with rows of sete ; outer lobe elliptical. Harpes curved, forming a cone, the harpagones and unci forming similar smaller cones. Basal appendages small, each with two sete. Larva, Stage IV (see figure of entire larva, plate 45).—Head rounded, with an angle on each side behind the eyes; antenne small, with a minute hair-tuft beyond the middle; head-hairs short, multiple tufts; eyes very small. Thorax transverse, rounded subrectangular, mesothorax slightly protuberant laterally, lateral hairs very long, abundant, dorsal ones in short stellate tufts. Abdomen elongate, submoniliform, the segments slightly longer posteriorly, equal in diameter, lateral hairs on the first and second segments in fours and threes, double on segments three to six, single on seventh segment; subdorsal and sub- ventral hairs in short stellate tufts, the subdorsal hairs in two tufts on each seg- ment. Air-tube about five times as long as wide, subfusiform, the tip small and bearing a pair of slightly curved spines dorsally, the surface covered with rather numerous single hairs uniformly distributed, only the most apical ones shortened and doubled. Lateral comb of eighth segment a long, uniform row of closely set teeth, nowhere doubled, becoming smaller ventrally; hair-tuft posteriorly to comb of two long hairs. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a somewhat angled dorsal plate; dorsal tuft of two long hairs on each side, lateral tuft at angle of plate of a single long hair; subventral tuft a tuft of short stellate hairs. Anal gills rather short, equal, broadly ensiform, showing fine branching trachex. WYEOMYIA PHILOPHONE 85 The larvee were obtained in the water between the leaves of epiphytic brome- liads, together with Wyeomyia vanduzeet. The habits of these two species were not differentiated, and are probably very similar. The Wyeomyia antoinetta were present in very small numbers, the Wyeomyia vanduzeet being common. Southern Florida and Cuba. Estero, Florida, larva pupated May 4, issued May 10, 1906 (J. B. Van Duzee) ; San Antonio de los Bafios, Cuba (J. H. Pazos). The species was founded on a single adult specimen. On first examination we referred it to Wyeomyia mitchellii, which it closely resembles, but we do not find, on close inspection, the small white marks at the bases of the hind tarsal joints beneath, which are present in all our Wyeomyia mitchellii, and are there- fore forced to consider it a distinct species. Lately Dr. J. H. Pazos has sent three specimens from Cuba which appear to agree entirely with the type from Florida. It seems probable, therefore, that the species is a good one. WYEOMYIA PHILOPHONE (Dyar & Knab). Phoniomyia philophone Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 209, 1907. Phoniomyia philophone Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 75, 1908. Phoniomyia philophone Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 579, 1910. ORigInsaL DESCRIPTION OF PHONIOMYIA PHILOPHONE: Proboscis long and slender, nearly as long as the body, very slightly enlarged towards the apex; clypeus prominent, pitchy brown, covered with fine gray pubes- cence; tori of the antenne black with fine silvery pubescence; occiput behind the eyes broadly silver scaled; palpi very short, black; vertex with green and blue iridescent scales; antennal segments long, the whorls of hairs consist of a few long ones, and being well removed from each other do not give a densely plumose appear- ance; prothoracic lobes large, prominent, collar-like, closely approximate but not contiguous, clothed with violet and blue metallic scales and with many coarse bristles on the front margin; mesonotum rather short, stout, clothed with dark olivaceous and green scales; metanotum short, globose, with two longitudinal impres- sions, pitchy brown, a group of sete beyond the middle; abdomen long and slender, compressed, clothed above with blackish scales with an obscure greenish luster, beneath with white scales, divided on the sides in a straight line; legs long and slender, dark brown with bronzy luster, a whitish reflection on the front tarsi. Length, 3 mm. Twenty specimens, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, collector), bred from larve in leaves of Bromelias. Type.—No. 10852, U. S. National Museum. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE AND Larva OF WYEOMYIA PHILOPHONE: Female.—Proboscis long and slender, uniform, labelle conically tapered, with fine outstanding sete ; vestiture black, with a blue reflection. Palpi small, one- sixth as long as proboscis, clothed with black scales and rather long, fine sete. Clypeus rounded triangular, dark brown, pruinose. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup- shaped apical excavation, dark brown, slightly pruinose ; hairs of whorls sparse, long, black. Eyes black. Occiput broad, clothed with flat, appressed scales, black with blue and green reflection ; a violaceous vertical patch, silvery white in some lights, a silvery-white patch at the sides below. Prothoracic lobes large, well separated dorsally, brown, clothed with shining submetallic violaceous and blue scales, a row of sete on anterior margin. Meso- notum black, clothed with elliptical, flat scales, dull greenish and bronzy metallic in color; bristles at roots of wings short. Scutellum trilobate, similarly clothed to mesonotum, each lobe with a tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a tuft of small setz posteriorly. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, tip blunt, with smal] terminal sete ; dorsal vestiture 86 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA black with a slight submetallic-blue reflection; venter silvery-white; colors separated on sides in a nearly straight line. ; ; Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins broadly linear, brown with a bronzy reflection, denser and slightly broader on forks of second vein and apices of third and fourth. Halteres largely blackish. : Legs slender, black with a blue reflection, trochanters silvery white beneath, femora whitish beneath ; tibiz and tarsi with a bronzy luster beneath ; mid tarsi, with apex of second, all of third to fifth joints white-marked beneath ; fore and mid tarsi without white markings. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3 mm. Male.—Abdomen somewhat expanded towards apex, the tip with numerous coarse brown bristles. Antenne scarcely distinguishable from those of the female. Coloration as in the female, the middle legs with a strong brassy luster beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3 mm. Genitalia (plate 3, fig. 15): Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, much tapering to the tips; basal lobes narrowly triangular, setose; three long sete in arow. Clasp-filament stout, swollen beyond the base, tip expanded into three lobes, the inner one long and slender, the middle one broad, conical, with hooked tip and a row of sete, outer one curved and slender. Harpes slender, concave, tips curved and obscurely toothed. Harpagones forming a broad cone. Unci forming a similar but smaller cone. Basal appendages small, each with two short, stiff sete. Larva, Stage IV (plate 87, fig. 274) —-Head rounded, with slight angles be- hind eyes; antenne small, slender, a small two-haired tuft beyond the middle; upper pair of dorsal head-hairs three-haired, lower two-haired and long. Lateral abdominal hairs on third to seventh segments single. Air-tube over six times as long as wide, gently tapered, more rapidly so at terminal fifth, with evenly distributed single hairs, those nearest the base double or triple and shorter ; terminal hooks small, straight. Comb of eighth segment of rather long single spines in a dense row, becoming smaller ventrally; the hair behind the comb single. Anal segment somewhat longer than wide, with a large dorsal plate; dorsal tuft of two long hairs on each side; lateral hair at angle of plate single; subventral tuft large, multiple, short. Anal gills equal, over twice as long as anal segment, broadly ensiform. Mr. Busck collected the larve in two instances in water between the leaves of epiphytic bromeliads, Tillandsia sp., in a native village near Tabernilla. They were associated with Wycomyia circumeincta, Culex jenningst, and Orthopodo- mya phyllozoa. Mr. Jennings also collected the larve in similar locations at Gatun and Porto Bello. Panama. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, larve in leaves of bromelias, January 25, 1907, July 10, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Gatun, Canal Zone, larve in a bromelia in a swamp, August 11, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Porto Bello, from a bromelia near the alcalde’s ranch, March 16, 1909 (A. H. Jennings). WYEOMYIA MELANOCEPHALA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia melanocephala Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 140, 1906. Wyeomyia melanocephala Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 624, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA MELANOCEPHALA: Prothoracic lobes entirely dark bluish; head dark behind, without white margin to the eyes; hind feet with the last two tarsal joints white. One specimen, Trinidad, B. W. I. (A. Busck). Type.—Cat. No. 9998, U. S. Nat. Mus. WYEOMYIA PANDORA 87 DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA MELANOCEPHALA (MALE AND Larva UnKNownN): Female.—Proboscis rather short, swollen apically ; vestiture black with a blue reflection, bronzy beneath; labella small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete. Palpi short, flattened, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, blackish, with a slight pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, blackish, slightly pruinose. Eyes separated at the vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat black scales with a blue reflection, a silvery patch below; two sete at vertex and smaller ones along margin of the eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat shining blue and violaceous scales, a row of sete along anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical flat dark-brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection; scales on lateral angles bronzy ; sete on roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilo- bate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long, dark-brown terminal setz; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight metallic reflec- tion ; venter metallic yellowish white, colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross- vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins dense, broadly ovate or rounded triangular, black, with blue reflection on the costa. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy and blue reflection, femora pale brassy beneath, tibie and tarsi with a bright bronzy luster beneath, strongest on middle legs; mid tarsi with the apical third of the second and all of the third, fourth, and fifth joints white on outer side, beneath also on last two joints ; hind legs with last two joints white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—-0.0—0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. Life history and habits unknown. Trinidad, British West Indies. Trinidad, June, 1905, a single adult specimen captured (A. Busck). We know this species only in the single example from Trinidad. The speci- men recorded by Mr. Busck from the Canal Zone (Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 73, 1908) proves on reéxamination to have been wrongly identified, and to be in fact a specimen of Wyeomyia canfieldi. WYEOMYIA PANDORA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia pandora Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 261, 1909. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA PANDORA: Proboscis moderate, bronzy black. Occiput black with bronzy and blue reflection without white margin to the eyes. Prothoracic lobes dark metallic blue with violet and coppery luster. Abdomen with the colors separated on the sides in a straight line, silvery beneath. Wing-scales broad, ovate, many obliquely subtruncate; legs bronzy black, mid tarsi with the apical two-thirds of the second and all the suc- ceeding joints silvery white on the outer side; hind tarsi with the last two joints white all around. Length, 3.5 mm. Four specimens, Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama, bred from larve in Calladium leaf-axils (A. H. Jennings); Gorgona, Canal Zone, Panama, bred from larve (A. H. Jennings); Black Swamp, Canal Zone, Panama, from larve (A. H. Jennings). Type no. 12132, U. S. N. M. 88 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA DESCRIPTION of FEMALE, MALE, AND LARVA OF WYEOMYIA PANDORA: Female.—Proboscis moderate, swollen apically, vestiture black, with a bronzy and blue reflection, slightly paler beneath ; labella small, rounded, with fine out- standing sete. Palpi short, flattened, one-fifth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, blackish, with slight pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, elongate, blackish, slightly pruinose. Eyes separated at the vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat black scales with bronzy and blue reflection, a silvery patch below; two sete at vertex and smaller ones along margin of eyes. Prothoracic lobes large, distinctly separated, clothed with flat, shining blue and violaceous scales with a coppery reflection in some lights and a silvery patch at base; a row of sete along anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with ellip- tical, flat, dark-brown scales, with bronzy and blue reflection ; scales below lateral angles bronzy ; setee over the roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a small group of sete near the posterior margin. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black with a slight metallic reflec- tion; venter silvery white, the scales somewhat raised along the mid-ventral line; colors separated on sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross- vein close to anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins dense, broadly ovate or rounded triangular, black, with a blue reflection on costa. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black with bronzy and blue reflection, the femora pale brassy beneath ; tibie and tarsi pale bronzy beneath; mid tarsi with apical three-fourths of the second and all of the succeeding joints white on outer side; hind tarsi with last two joints silvery white all around. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3 mm. Male.—Proboscis longer and more slender than in female. Palpi slender, one- sixth as long as proboscis. Antenne similar to those of the female, the joints with small secondary subapical whorls, basal whorls longer and more abundant than in the female. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat compressed, somewhat expanded at tip, with abundant terminal sete, claspers visible from above. Wings with petiole of second posterior cell about half as long as its cell, cross-veins nearly incident, vestiture as in the female. Front and mid legs with a pale-brassy luster beneath, the mid legs with the last four tarsal joints silvery white on outer side; hind legs bronzy beneath, the last two joints silvery all round; mid tarsi with a single long, strongly curved claw, claws of hind tarsi slightly unequal ; formula, 0.0-0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.3 mm.; wing 3 mm. Genitalia (plate 3, fig. 11): Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, the tip much tapered ; three long sete in a row. Clasp-filament with slender stem, the tip roundedly expanded, a slender lobe at base of expansion and two outer on it, one slender and hooked, the other broad and with coarse short spines; many sete on the expansion. Harpes elliptical, concave, the margin thickened, tip curved and pointed. Harpagones forming a basal cone. Unci forming a similar smaller cone. Basal appendages small, each with two or three short, stiff setee. WYEOMYIA CANFIELDI 89 Larva, Stage IV (plate 87, fig. 275) —Head rounded, posterior angles slight ; antennz moderate, smooth, uniform; dorsal head-hairs single. Lateral hairs of abdomen multiple on first two segments, double on third, single on the rest. Comb of eighth segment of about nine separate teeth in a single row. Air-tube straight, slightly tapered, about six times as long as wide, a row of single hairs on dorsal aspect, a few on posterior aspect, and a dense fringe of long, fine hairs along ventral line nearly to tip; a few terminal hairs, the hooks stout. Anal segment longer than wide, dorsal plate large; dorsal tuft of three hairs on each side, lateral hair single, subventral tuft of two long hairs and attached to dorsal plate. Anal gills subequal, over twice as long as the segment. The larve live in the fluid in the leaf-axils of Calladiwm and similar locations. Panama. Corozal, Canal Zone, November 30, 1907, larvee from Calladium leaf-axils in a Chinaman’s garden (A. H. Jennings) ; Gorgona, Canal Zone, February 7, 1908, larvee from “banana bromelia” near the Carabali River (A. H. Jen- nings) ; Black Swamp, near Lion Hill, Canal Zone, July 28, 1908, larve in a liliaceous plant growing through the scum (A. H. Jennings) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, February 4, 1909, larvee in flowers of Heliconia (L. Espey). WYEOMYIA CANFIELDI (Dyar & Knab). Sabethes canfieldi Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 207, 1907. Sabethes canjfieldi Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 71, 1908. Wyeomyia melanocephala Busck (not Dyar & Knab), Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 73, 1908. Sabethes (?) canfieldi Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 585, 622, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF SABETHES CANFIELDI: 9.—Proboscis shorter than the body, strongly swollen at the apex, black; clypeus prominent, smooth, shining black; tori of the antenne black with a whitish pubes- cence; occiput clothed with flat dull metallic-green scales; prothoracic lobes approxi- mated, clothed with brilliant blue and violet scales; mesonotum clothed with dark greenish scales; scales of the scutellum metallic green and blue; metanotum deep brown, with a number of long pale bristles; abdomen dark above, with greenish- blue luster, silvery white beneath, separated on the sides in a perfectly straight line; legs long and slender, without raised scales, black, with light bronzy reflec- tions beneath in certain lights, the tarsi of the middle legs white on the second to fifth joints, the white becoming obscure on the basal part of the second segment, on the hind legs the last two joints white. Length, 3.5 mm. Twenty-three specimens, Lion Hill, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, col- lector), all captured. Type.—No. 10850, U. S. National Museum. Named, at the suggestion of Mr. Busck, in honor of Dr. Herman Canfield, Assistant Chief Sanitary Inspector of the Canal Zone. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE AND Larva OF WYEOMYIA CANFIELDI (MALE UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, slightly swollen apically; vestiture black, coarse; labellee small, rounded with fine outstanding sete. Palpi short, one-fifth as long as proboscis, slender, black, a tuft of outstanding hairs at base. Antenne moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black, the articulations white; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark brown, whitish pruinose ; hairs of whorls long, moderately dense, black. Clypeus nar- row, elliptical, convex, dark brown with a white pruinosity, nude. Hyes large, separated at the vertex by a narrow wedge, black. Occiput clothed with flat, dull metallic-green scales, silvery white on lower part of sides, two brown setx at vertex. Prothoracic lobes large, approximate dorsally, clothed with metallic blue and violaceous scales and bearing a dense row of black bristles. Mesonotum blackish densely clothed with flat, bluish-black, narrowly ovate scales, with a green and brown reflection, brighter posteriorly and over roots of wings. Scutellum trilob- 90 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA ate, densely covered with scales similarly to those of posterior end of meso- notum, each lobe with a tuft of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, promi- nent, dark brown, with a rounded median carina, a tuft of about ten large bristles posteriorly. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales, a large patch of brownish ones behind the prothoracic lobe. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at the tip, which bears many black hairs; dorsal vestiture black, with faint greenish reflection; first segment with blue- green luster and with pale bristles; venter pale golden, the colors separated on the sides in a sharp, straight line; scales raised along medioventral line. Wings moderate, hyaline, iridescent; petiole of second marginal cell one- third as long as cell, that of second posterior cell much shorter than its cell; cross-veins nearly incident; scales of veins black, with a bronzy green reflection, elliptical, many obliquely subtruncate, those on second vein larger and denser. Halteres blackish, except at the base. Legs slender, the vestiture black with a blue and violaceous reflection ; femora and tibie, except tip of latter, brassy beneath; last tarsal joint of the mid legs and last two of the hind legs white on under side. Claw formula, 0.0—).0-0.0. Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. Larva, Stage IV (plate 87, fig. 276).—Head rounded anteriorly, posterior angles slight ; antenne moderate, smooth, uniform ; dorsal head-hairs all single. Lateral hairs of abdomen multiple on first two segments, double on third, single on the rest. Comb of eighth segment of about nine separate teeth in a single row. Air-tube straight, slightly tapered, about five times as long as wide, a row of single hairs on dorsal aspect, a few on posterior aspect, and a dense fringe of long, fine hairs along posterior line nearly to tip; a few terminal hairs, the hooks stout. Anal segment as long as wide, dorsal plate large; dorsal tuft of three long hairs on each side, lateral hair single, subventral tuft of two long hairs and attached to dorsal plate. Anal gills subequal, stout, more than twice as long as the segment. The natural breeding-places of the species are unknown. Mr. Busck took a single larva, about which he says: “ A single larva taken, together with Culex and Anopheles larve, in a nearly quiet pool of a slow-running, cold, clear brook in the mountains back of Empire. This is a very unusual breeding-place for a larva of this genus, and it is prob- able that this single larva had been washed out by a rainstorm from a Tillandsia on an overhanging branch or from an overflowing tree-hole or bamboo-joint.” Mr. Busck informs us that there had been heavy rains just preceding his dis- covery of the larva, and that to both himself and Mr. Jennings, who accompanied him, the discovery of the larva seemed unusual and it looked to be out of place. The adults were taken commonly at Lion Hill, where they came to bite in the daytime. Mr. Busck reports that they bit viciously. He says: “This was the common mosquito in the Black Swamp from Ahorca Lagarto to Gatun, and came in numbers whenever one stepped into the shade of the brush. I was not able to locate its larve.” Panama. Lion Hill, Canal Zone, 64 specimens caught in the act of biting (A. Busck) ; bred from a single larva taken in a quiet pool in a brook near Empire, Canal Zone, May 7, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla and Gatun, Canal Zone, 1909 (A. H. Jennings). This species was first described as a Sabethes, the eyes appearing to be con- tiguous at the vertex. A close inspection shows that they are really separated by a narrow wedge, although they are considerably invaginated in the type speci- men. We are therefore enabled to correct the generic location. The species is WYEOMYIA HOMOTHE 91 unusually large and conspicuous for a Wyeomyia. The species, along with some others, also approaches Sabethes in the venation of the wings and in the larger and more closely approximated prothoracic lobes. We find, however, that these species are connected with typical Wyeomyta by intergrading species. W. can- fieldt seems to be remarkably abundant where it occurs, and must possess un- usual breeding habits, since only a single larva has been discovered, and that by accident in an evidently abnormal situation. WYEOMYIA HOMOTHE Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia homothe Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 211, 1907. Wyeomyia homothe Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 74, 1908. Wyeomyia homothe Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 625, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA HOMOTHE: Proboscis long and slender, distinctly swollen at the apex; palpi very short, dark scaled, a few light scales at the tip; clypeus and tori light brown with fine grayish pubescence; wedge between the eyes broad, silvery scaled; occiput entirely dark scaled, the eyes without margin of light scales; prothoracic lobes large and promi- nent, well separated, clothed with brown scales with violet reflection, the apices broadly silvery as also the base below; mesonotum clothed with dull-brown scales, the sete of the scutellum brown; metanotum pitchy brown, with a group of setz towards the apex; abdomen compressed, black scaled above with greenish luster, ex- tending well down the sides, the venter narrowly creamy-white scaled; legs long and slender, dark with bronzy luster, the mid legs with the third, fourth and fifth tarsal joints marked with white on the inner side, rather indistinct and only clearly visible in certain lights; scales of the wing-veins long and narrow. Length, 3 mm. One specimen, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, collector), cap- tured in bamboo woods. Type.—No. 10859, U. S. National Museum. DESCRIPTION oF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA HOMOTHE (Mate anp Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather long and slender, swollen apically, bronzy black ; labellee small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete. Palpi short, flattened, one- seventh as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup- shaped apical excavation, brown, with a whitish pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, brown, pruinose. Hyes separated at the vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a metallic reflection, a small white patch below; two setz on the vertex and smaller ones behind the margin of the eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat scales, vio- laceous with bronzy reflection, a pale tip. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with a submetallic reflection ; scales on front margin and lateral angles whitish ; bristles at roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilob- ate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a low median carina, dark brown, a group of small sete on posterior angle. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many dark- brown terminal setz; dorsal vestiture black with a slight metallic reflection; venter yellowish white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell slightly shorter than its cell ; basal cross- vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins narrowly cuneiform, black, with bronzy reflection on costa, broader and denser towards apex of wing. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black with a violaceous and bronzy reflection, the femora whitish beneath; tibiz and tarsi with bronzy luster beneath; mid 92 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA tarsi with apical three-fourths of third and all of fourth joints white beneath ; hind tarsi with basal two-thirds of fifth joint silvery white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-—0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 2.8 mm. Mr. Busck says: “The adults were taken in bamboo woods in the act of biting,” flying in the daytime. Panama. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, adult captured (A. Busck). WYEOMYIA CLASOLEUCA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia clasoleuca Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 68, 1908. Wyeomyia clasoleuca Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 626, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA CLASOLEUCA: Female.—Proboscis moderately long and slender, the apical third much swollen, black-scaled; palpi black-scaled; occiput dark-scaled, without light margin to the eyes; prothoracic lobes dark metallic blue-scaled with purple reflection, the apices without lighter scales; mesonotum dark dull brown-scaled, nearly black; abdomen dark-scaled above, with obscure bronzy and bluish reflections, beneath silvery white- scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; legs dark-scaled, with bronzy and blue reflection; on the hind legs the fourth tarsal] joint is silvery white- marked beneath from the base nearly to the apex, the fifth tarsal joint silvery white- marked beneath throughout; fore and mid tarsi entirely dark. Length, 3.5 mm. Two specimens, Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama. (A. H. Jennings.) Type.—Cat. No. 11990, U.S. N. M. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA CLASOLEUCA (MALE AND Larva UNKNowN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, the tip expanded, the labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy black, brighter bronzy beneath. Palpi short, flattened, one-fifth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori sub- spherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark brown, with a white prui- nosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, blackish, whitish pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish, black. Occiput dicthel with flat dark-brown scales with a blue reflection, a large white spot at lower part of sides ; two sete at vertex and smaller ones along margins of the eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat dark metallic blue and violaceous scales; a row of sete along anterior margin. Meso- notum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with bronzy and blue reflec- tion; scales of front margin pale shiny, those below lateral angles bronzy iridescent ; bristles over wings dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate apically, and with many long light-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black with a slight metallic reflection; venter yellowish white, the colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell as long as its cell; basal cross-vein distant nearly its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins dense, short, broadly ovate, mostly obliquely subtruncate, black, with a slight bronzy reflection on costa. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black, with a bronzy reflection, the femora whitish beneath; tibie and tarsi with a brighter bronzy luster beneath; hind WYEOMYIA MATAA 93 tarsi with basal three-fourths of fourth and fifth joints broadly white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0—-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3 mm. Life history and habits unknown. Caldera Island, Caribbean coast of Panama. Porto Bello Bay, adults captured (A. H. Jennings). WYEOMYIA MATZZA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia matea Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 70, 1908. Wyeomyia malaea Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 626, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA MATA: Female.—Proboscis long and slender, swollen at the apex, dark-scaled, with a line of whitish scales on the under surface; palpi dark-scaled; occiput dark-scaled, with faint bluish and bronzy refiections, the margin of the eyes dull white-scaled, in- terrupted on each side of the vertex; prothoracic lobes dark blue and violaceous, with strong iridescence; mesonotum dark bronzy brown-scaled; abdomen above blackish brown-scaled, with obscure bronzy and blue reflections, beneath coarsely white-scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; legs dark-scaled, with bronzy and blue reflection, the under surfaces of the femora and tibie pale brassy-scaled; mid-legs with the apical half of the second joint and all of the third, fourth, and fifth silvery white-marked on one side; front and hind tarsi unmarked. Length, 3.5 mm. Two specimens, Sonsonate, Salvador, August 19, 1905, and Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 21, 1905. (F. Knab.) Type.—Cat. No. 11994, U. S. N. M. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE AND MALE oF WYEOMYIA MATA (Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather slender, the tip somewhat expanded, the labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bluish black, pale bronzy beneath. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, with a whitish pruinosity; hairs of the whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded truncate in front, convex, brown pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection, a small metallic spot at the vertex and a large white spot at lower part of sides; a narrow white margin running up along the sides of the eyes, not attaining the vertex; two sete at vertex and smaller ones along margins of the eyes. Y Dradlinnadia lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat blackish scales with violet-blue luster, a row of setee on anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection ; scales below the lateral angles silvery gray; bristles over roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with the vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleurz brown, cox luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long, dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black with a slight metallic reflec- tion ; venter yellowish white, colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein inci- dent with anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins long, narrowly ligulate, black, with a slight bronzy reflection on costa, broader and denser on forks of second and fourth veins and outer half of third. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black, with a bronzy reflection, femora whitish beneath ; tibie and tarsi with a strong bronzy luster beneath; middle tarsi with 94 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA the outer third of second and all of the third and fourth joints white on outer side. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3.2 mm. ; Male.—Proboscis long and slender, tip hardly expanded. Palpi short, one- seventh as long as proboscis. Antenne similar to those of the female, the joints subequal, the hairs of the whorls longer than in the female, with small secondary subapical whorls on the joints. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen elongate, subcylindrical, expanded towards tip, with many coarse terminal bristles. Legs colored as in the female. Wings slightly narrower than in the female, the venation similar. Mid tarsi with a single large claw; claw formula, 0.0-0.-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3.2 mm. Genitalia (plate 4, fig. 17) : Side-pieces conical, the tips slenderly tapered and bent downward. Three long sete near the base. Clasp-filament with a short, stout stem which has a constriction on one side near the base, tip expanded and divided into three lobes; mid lobe short, rounded, smooth; inner lobe slender, smooth, bent, its tip divided into two digits ; outer lobe expanded, long, elliptical, bearing a row of spines and crested by a small triangular expansion. Harpes small, narrow, the tips bent and dentate. Unci inconspicuous. Basal append- ages of two stout spines on each side. Mr. Jennings bred the species from larve in bromelias on a fallen tree, but unfortunately made no isolations. The adults fly by day. Panama to southern Mexico. Sonsonate, Salvador, August 19, 1905, adult captured (F. Knab); Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 21, 1905, adult captured (F. Knab) ; Empire, Canal Zone, Panama, March 2, 1909, larve in bromelias (A. H. Jennings). WYEOMYIA SMITHII (Coquillett) Felt. Culex pungens Smith (not Wiedemann), in Howard, Mosgq., 83-90, 1901. Aédes fuscus Howard (not Osten Sacken), Mosquitoes, 153, 1901. Smith, Ent. News, xii, 93, 125, 1901. Culex pungens Smith (not Wiedemann), Ent. News, xii, 153, 1901. Aédes eal re ere ar sapphirinus Smith (not Osten Sacken), Ent. News, xii, 189, Aédes smithii Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxiii, 260, 1901. Aédes smithii Smith (in part), Ent. News, xii, 254, 1901. Aédes smithii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., ix, 178, 1901. Aédes smithii Smith, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., x, 10, 1902. Aédes smithii Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 51,'1902. Aédes smithii Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 425, 1903. Aédes (Verrallina ?) smithii Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 295, 1903. Aédes smithii Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 341, 1904. Wyeomyia smithii Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391e, 1904. Wyeomyia smithit Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosa., 342, 1905. Aédes smithi Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 408, 1905. Wyeomyia smithii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiii, 23, 53, 1905. Wyeomyia smithit Mitchell, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 332, 1905. Wyeomyia smithii Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 446, 493, 1905. Wyeomyia smithii Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiii, 69, 1905. Wyeomyia smithii Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 227, 1906. Wyeomyia smithii Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 11, 27, 1906. Wycomyia smithii Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 1, 1906. Jarvis, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 7, 1906. Dendromyia smithii Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 608, 1907. Dendromyia smithi PeryassG (in part), Os Culic. do Brazil, 56, 309, 1908. Wyeomyia smithit Viereck, Ist Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 471, 1908. Dendromyia smithii Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., v, 588, 1910. Wyeomyia smithii Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 721, 1910. WYEOMYIA SMITHII 95 ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF AEDES SMITHII: Black, the pleura largely, venter, bases of halteres, coxe, and bases of femora yellow, scales of upper sides of body dark brown, some on the abdomen having a violaceous reflection, scales of the femora black, those on the under side light yellow, scales of hind tibia black, those on the inner side and on the front and middle tibie and their tarsi light yellow, tarsal claws simple; wings hyaline, first submarginal cell nearly twice as long as its petiole; length 3mm. Two males and three females bred from material received from Prof. J. B. Smith, after whom the species is named. Type No. 5799, U. S. National Museum. Habitat—Lahaway, New Jersey. At the suggestion of the writer, Prof. Smith submitted specimens of this species to Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of the Museum of Comp. Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., for comparison with the type of Aédes fuscus, and Mr. Henshaw replied that the two forms are very distinct. The new species will readily be recognized by the absence of cross-bands of yellowish scales at the bases of the abdominal segments. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, Matz, LARVA, AND Pups OF WYEOMYIA SMITHII: Female.—Proboscis moderate, swollen apically ; vestiture black, with a bronzy- blue reflection, brighter bronzy beneath ; labellee small, rounded, with fine out- standing sete. Palpi short, flattened, one sixth as long as the proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, black, with a whitish pruinosity; hairs of the whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, black, pruinose. Eyes separated at the vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a metallic reflection, a small silvery spot at the vertex, a white patch below running up a short distance on the eye margin; two long sete at the vertex and a row of shorter ones along margins of eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat violet-blue scales with metallic reflection ; a row of setee on anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with a pale bronzy reflection ; scales below anterior angles yellowish silvery ; bristles over roots of wings black. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of the mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure dark brown, the coxee luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically and with many coarse, long, dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black with a strong bronzy and blue reflection ; venter silvery white, colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding scales of veins ligulate, black, with bronzy reflection on costa, broader and denser on forks of second and fourth veins and outwardly on third vein. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs moderately long and slender ; vestiture black with bronzy and blue reflec- tion, all the legs pale bronzy beneath throughout, the femora whitish towards base ; mid tarsi with the apical portion of the second joint and all of the third and fourth joints white on the outer side. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Male.—Proboscis as in the female, the pale shade beneath becoming silvery towards the base ; antenne similar to those of the female, the hairs of the whorls longer and more abundant. Coloration as in the female. Tip of abdomen expanded, with numerous coarse bristles; ventrally the scales are raised along the median line. Wings slightly narrower than in the female, the venation and vestiture about the same. Middle legs slightly shorter than the anterior ones, the last tarsal joint armed with a single, large, simple claw; femora nearly silvery white beneath; tibie and tarsi with a brilliant, pale-brassy luster be- 96 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA neath; middle tarsi with white markings on the outer side as in the female. Claw formula, 0.0—-0-0.0. Length: Body about 3 mm.; wing 2.8 mm. Genitalia (plate 3, fig. 16): Side-pieces tapered, constricted beyond the middle, excavated at tip for insertion of clasp-filament. Clasp-filament swollen at the base, inflated outwardly, distorted and branched, inner branch angled, slender beyond the base, bearing a row of sete, a leaf-like appendage and two hairs at its origin, a small branch outwardly bearing a claw; apex rounded, spinose. Harpes slender, incurved, revolute. Harpagones indistinguishable. Basal appendages small, separated, bearing three sete. Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 46).—Head rounded, hind angles roundedly prominent, forming a right angle between the posterior edge of the occiput and lateral margin behind the antenne; no incision at base of antenne; front margin roundedly arcuate. Antennz moderate, cylindrical, slightly tapered, smooth, a single hair at terminal third ; one long, two moderate, two short terminal digits. Eye small, round. Both pairs of dorsal hairs and ante-antennal hair single. Mental plate triangular, one stout terminal tooth and nine on each side, uniform, subequal. Mandible quadrangular, convex without, a slight basal spinulation; one pair of appendages before tip, one long, one rudimentary; an outer row of cilia; a row of filaments beyond the cilia, six long-furcate, two simple; dentition small, four teeth on a narrow process, a thin tooth without and a smaller one at base ; a filament and five feathered hairs within ; interior lobe with short set ; a few long sete at base. Maxilla elongate hemispherical, bisected by a band-shaped suture, hairy and spined within; a tow of sete at tip. Palpus short, quadrate, with four small terminal digits. Mouth-brushes moderate, normal. Thorax quadrangular, slightly rounded at corners, flattened, wider than long; hairs strongly developed, long. Abdo- men slender, the segments subequal, moniliform; hairs abundant, very long, the long lateral tufts multiple, diminishing posteriorly ; short tufts well devel- oped, longer than width of body. Tracheal tubes moderately broad, band- shaped, flexuous, narrow in seventh and eighth segments. Air-tube tapered- conic, about four times as long as wide, without pecten; rather thickly covered with moderate single hairs. Lateral comb of eighth segment of seven spines in a single row; spine quadrangular, with pointed base, shaft produced into a broad, flat process over half as long as the spine, fringed with fine spines. Anal segment wider than long with a dorsal plate three-fourths inclosing the segment ; dorsal tuft of long hairs; a lateral tuft of three long hairs at the angle of the plate; a subventral tuft of three long hairs; no ventral brush. Anal gills mod- erate, broad, only two developed, the other two rudimentary. Pupa (plate 148, fig. 697).—Thoracic mass subpyriform, small, indented behind the insertion of antenne; a tuft of two hairs from near margin of eye is bent twice at right angles ; respiratory trumpets small, cylindrical. Abdomen rather long; a pair of fan-shaped dorsal tufts on first segment; a pair of long subdorsal hairs at ends of second to fifth segments; ample tufts on apical angles of seventh and eighth segments. Anal paddles small, pointed. We quote the life history and habits from Professor J. B. Smith, who has had this insect under special observation : “The most characteristic habit of the adult is its inability or disinclination to bite and suck blood—of human beings at least. Mr. Brakeley has been in the bogs and swamps where there must have been hundreds of them and never a one has come to disturb him. He has even seen them about, among the pitcher plants, apparently engaged in ovipositing, and they paid not the slightest attention to him. Since the spring of 1901 hundreds of specimens have been WYEOMYIA SMITHII 97 annually bred in my laboratory and often examples escape. On one solitary occasion a specimen lit upon my hand resting on the back of a chair, and I kept very quiet for several minutes watching it. It moved about a little, touched the surface with its beak several times with a sort of jabbing motion; but made no real attempt to puncture. It tried to assume the resting position but seemed to be annoyed by the hair on the hand and after shifting about for a little flew away. . . The resting position is peculiar. The head points down- ward at an angle to between the front legs and the hind legs are curled over so far as to give the insect the appearance of attempting a somersault and being caught midway in the attempt. “ The adults do not make their appearance under natural conditions until the end of May, and issue irregularly until the end of October or even early Novem- ber. . . . Nothing has been observed as to the length of adult life and nothing is known of their feeding habits. Mr. Brakeley has seen them apparently oviposit- ing during the day. I have never found them on flowers and the inference is that they are, under ordinary conditions, active only at night.” The larvee were first discovered by Mr. J. Turner Brakeley, who found them in November, 1900, in the leaves of the pitcher-plants in the swamps surround- ing his cranberry-bogs at Lahaway, New Jersey. The species was not identified at the time, and was supposed to be the common Culea pipiens, as at that time our knowledge of the larve of our native mosquitoes was very imperfect. For- tunately Mr. Brakeley persisted in his investigations. “In January, 1901, he cut out a few of the pitcher plant leaves, stripped them from the core of solid ice that they contained and, looking through it, saw wrigglers imbedded in all parts, in all sorts of shapes; but mostly in a half coil. The temperature had been down to two degrees below zero as regis- tered by a standard minimum thermometer, and radiation probably lowered this even more. “ A number of leaves were gathered, the cores of ice with all they contained were removed, and the lumps were placed together in a jar in a moderately warm room. The ice melted slowly, and, as the larve were gradually freed, they dropped to the bottom where, for a time they rested; apparently lifeless. But as the amount of ice decreased, feeble motions here and there indicated a revival and, long before the lumps were completely melted, those first released were moving about actively. This, be it noted, was in water not much above the freezing point and, when the ice had all melted and the debris had settled, the larvee became busily engaged in feeding. “The specimens were sent to me as a curiosity, January 22d, and arrived in very good condition. A few had succumbed to the dangers of the journey, but, altogether, there was a good lot of lively wrigglers. The bottle was nearly full of water, it had had a five mile wagon drive over a rough road, had been transhipped no less than four times before it reached New Brunswick, and then was thrown into a delivery wagon and jolted through the city streets before it actually reached me. Under these circumstances any regular breathing of the kind usually described was utterly out of the question and the drownings should have been numerous; but really only a small number died. “ At short intervals other jars were received, all out of melted ice taken from pitcher plants, until I had several hundred active wrigglers in eight different jars. Some of the leaf chunks had only ten or a dozen larve, others ran as high as thirty or more. The jars were all placed on a counter shelf near a steam radiator, and it was expected that in a few days there would be pupe and adults. But the days passed into weeks and the weeks into months without change other than a very gradual increase in size. The larvee were just as active 7 98 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA as could be expected and fed continuously, but they showed no disposition to change their condition. “ As the fragments settled the water became clear and the larve congregated over the sediment, feeding head down and frequently rooting into it. It was rare that an individual was observed at the surface with the spiracle in breath- ing position. I watched patiently for fifteen minutes at a time, without noting a single individual rising to the top and Mr. Dickerson watched almost con- tinuously one day for two hours and declares that during that time only a small percentage of the entire number rose to the surface. “ Occasionally a number of specimens would be at the surface, feeding, head up, so that the mouth brushes skimmed the surface, and these were watched on occasions for twenty minutes, without noting any attempt to assume the ‘. breathing position. In fact, during the two months that these larve were under daily observation, the rising to the surface to breathe was the rare excep- tion rather than the rule. Usually they were feeding, head down, over the bottom sediment, or head up along the sides of the jar and at the top. The mouth brushes serve also- as organs of locomotion and the larve were able to make their way from one point to another, without moving any other part of the body. They often allowed themselves to sink slowly to the bottom without any motion whatever, and sometimes to sink more rapidly curled themselves up into a ring. Occasionally a specimen got hold of a bubble of gas formed at the bottom and allowed itself to be floated to the surface. It was interesting to watch the little fellows; but as week after week passed it became just a little tedious; therefore, to hasten matters, I placed, March 1st, the two jars first received on a water bath, which kept the temperature as nearly uniform as the varying pressure of the gas allowed—say between eighty degrees and ninety degrees Fahr. “A difference in growth was observable after a few days and on March 18th the first pupa was noticed, from which an adult was produced on the 21st, a period of three days. Three other pup were obtained within a week and these changed to adults in about the same time. “March 24th, I made an experiment which resulted fatally. It occurred to me that the slow growth might be due to lack of food and as Mr. Brakeley wrote that his larvee attacked and devoured a small gnat I determined to add food to the water. Accordingly I placed a small lump of beef in each of five experi- ment jars. Next day at a casual glance I noted nothing unusual, but March ~ 26th, at 8 a. m., I found the insects at the top, tube out and evidently in distress.- I fished out all the meat particles at once, but the mischief had been done, and most of the larve died. Evidently this species does not thrive in foul water; a fact which Mr. Brakeley determined also from his field collections. “ As the season progressed Mr. Brakeley kept sending in larve and these matured in such numbers that I was able to supply material in sufficient quantity to enable Mr. Coquillett to determine that instead of Culex pipiens we had a new species to deal with; one which will have to descend to posterity as a member of the Smith family, unless perchance it proves to have been previ- ously described. “Mr. Brakeley kept a duplicate series of specimens under observation at Lahaway, and his first pupa, from larve thawed out of ice February 17th, was obtained April 16th, and became adult on the 26th. This gives a period of fifty- eight days in active larval life, at an ordinary indoor temperature, or sixty- eight days if the pupal period is counted. Other pupx and adults developed and the pupal period ranged between ten and twelve days. A small lot of specimens gathered April 7th began pupating May 1st, and these had an average pupal pertod-of eight days,~ WYEOMYIA SMITHII 99 “ Altogether Mr. Brakeley sent me, prior to May Ist, some fifteen to twenty lots of larvee, numbering many hundreds of specimens. All these were kept in original pitcher leaf water and this never became foul. It required the contents of from forty to sevent-five pitchers to make a full pint of liquid, and the larvee numbered from two to twenty or more in each leaf. Culture after culture was closed out during the summer; but though the conditions for all the larve in a single jar were absolutely the same, the rate of development varied in each individual. One quart jar, containing nearly 200 larve, received in early March, developed adults throughout the summer, and this was not closed out until September 13, 1901, six months after its receipt, when there were yet a few larve, two or three pups and one or two adults! These larve had been surely hatched in November, 1900, and had remained in that con- dition for certainly ten months, including the entire summer. “ May 31, June 1 and 2, were spent at Lahaway with Mr. Brakeley, and during those days the swamps for some distance around were visited and dozens of ~ pitcher plants closely examined. “In the areas flooded during the winter by cranberry bog operations, no larve were found; but as soon as the flood line was passed, larva: were taken ; generally half a dozen or more to a leaf. But none occurred except in the leaves. This point was tested very thoroughly throughout the season and it is absolutely certain that this little species does not occur anywhere outside of the receptacles formed by Sarracenia, except by accident. In the colder, shaded parts of the swamp, where springs occurred, larve only were found. In the warmer areas pups were common and, in some places, where water and moss surround- ing the plant were actually tepid, the insects had already emerged and nothing but empty pupa shells could be found. It seems to be entirely a matter of temperature, and in some of the coldest places, no transformations would be likely to occur much before late June. It is certain that most hibernating larvee live from early November to late May or early June, a period of fully six months. No adults could be found and certainly none made any attempt to bite. Nor could egg masses or young larve be discovered at this time. New leaves were developing and few yet contained any water. Such of these as were examined contained no insect life and only here and there one had trapped insects ; none had begun to digest or assimilate the animal food. “ An open swamp at the head of a cranberry bog had most of the leaves with pupal shells only, but though there must have been hundreds of adults about, not one could be found flying, nor could we stir them up. In a deep, cold, huckleberry swamp, only larve were found. It was fair to conclude from the three days’ tramp that no summer brood of larve had yet begun, and it seemed strongly indicated that the insects would not bite, even if given the opportunity. In confirmation it may be said that late in the summer Mr. Brakeley saw speci- mens flying, and though there must have been thousands of others round about, none made any effort to disturb him. “ July 3d the leaves contained half and full-grown larve, but neither pups nor very small larve. July 13th old and new leaves contained very small larve—— evidently of recent date, while the old leaves had also grown larve and pups. There was, therefore, a new series of larvee and probably the first summer brood. July 23d, the older leaves had very few larve, but almost as many very small as large ones. The new leaves had all stages, from very small larve to pups. The indications were, therefore, that the first summer brood was coming to maturity, devloping in from fifteen to twenty days, while there were yet. adult individuals from the winter larva that were ovipositing. From the small numbers of young larve in individual leaves, the indications were that eggs were laid either singly or in small groups. 100 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA “ The next sending did not come until August 21st, and then there was every- thing from the most minute larva to pupe just ready to transform. So small were some of the larve that I hunted for eggs or egg shells, but failed to recog- nize any. It is probable that the youngest larve represented a third brood, but breeding was practically continuous, all stages being found at any time after the middle of July. “ September 1st the same conditions existed and there was a large number of larvee so small that it seemed as if at least egg shells must yet remain, but none were found. Fortunately Mr. Brakeley returned to Lahaway early in this month and on the 18th—lucky day—he found the eggs floating on the surface of the water in the pitcher plants. “ September 14th, I had an opportunity to spend a couple of hours in a swamp in the pines near Hanover Station, Burlington County, and found the pitcher plants there full of the Wyeomyia in all stages from babes to pupx. Collected the entire contents of the pitchers in alcohol, and found afterward that eggs were present in some numbers. But meanwhile Mr. Brakeley had positively identified them, and had even bred a lot of larvee, making the relation absolutely certain. He collected from time to time, until October 20th, and found any- where from five or six to thirty or more eggs in a single leaf. Oviposition was continuous, but on only two occasions were adults seen apparently engaged in the process. Itis probable that the egg-laying is done mostly at night. “ After the eggs had once been identified there was no difficulty in finding them, but it was noted that in the older leaves, where larvee were now most abundant, they were not so plentiful as they should be to account for the large winter supply. So attention was directed to the younger leaves, even where there was as yet no waterin them. Here, is was discovered, was the favorite place for ovipositing, with this species. Eggs were laid in leaves as yet perfectly dry, at the bottom and at the sides, singly or in little groups, whether by one or more than one female was not ascertained. Of the old leaves many become imperfect in late fall and any puncture or decay allowing the water to escape would, of course, mean the death of the larve. So the new leaves are selected and in them many more eggs were found than in the others. In one case Mr. Brakeley counted up to seventy-five, then lumped the remainder and called it one hun- dred. It is scarcely probable that any one female of this species is capable of producing one hundred eggs of the comparatively large size of those in ques- tion ; so two at least, and possibly more females may oviposit in a suitable leaf. “ Observations were continued until frost, which came unusually early in 1901. Up to November eggs were found, and early in that month a few pupe. So breeding is continued just as long as there is a chance to keep it up. “The eggs are chestnut brown in color, somewhat chunky, bean-shaped, the ends somewhat pointed, the inner margin nearly straight. There is no evident sculpture, yet when first mounted and examined under the microscope, there seems to be a somewhat irregular tessellated reticulation that disappears later, when the shell becomes more transparent. “Tn the previous notes it was brought out that this larva does not need to come to the surface for air as much as recorded for Culex. Dr. Howard informed me that a lot of larve that I sent him later lived for nearly two weeks under a film of oil which covered the surface of their breeding jar. “ One of my students demonstrated in the laboratory a very complete tracheal system in the anal processes of the larva, so we have really a gill structure, by means of which the insect gets its supply of oxygen directly from the water. “Briefly stated, the life history is as follows: The insect winters in the larval stage, freezing and thawing as often as need be during that season. It pupates late in May and becomes adult a week or ten days later. Eggs are laid in the leaves singly or in small groups fastened to the sides or floating on the WYEOMYIA CODIOCAMPA 101 surface. The summer broods mature in about a month, and there are probably three if not four series, but the broods overlap so much that the breeding is practically continuous. Late in the season the adults select the new leaves for oviposition even if they are yet dry.” To Dr. Smith’s observations we can add that the length of larval life, as in related forms, is very variable, depending upon the food in the form of insects which are drowned in the leaf-pitchers, naturally a variable factor or one which may fail altogether for a period. We have kept larve alive in the original water and without food for nearly an entire year. As the eggs are laid in the dry, young leaves the egg-period likewise must be variable, depending upon the advent of water in the leaves. North America, Canada to Alabama, probably coextensive with range of its host plant, Sarracenia purpurea. Tupper Lake, New York, larvee in pitcher-plant leaves in a bog, August, 1905 (H. G. Dyar); Crab Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin, larve in the leaves of pitcher-plants in a swamp, November, 1907 (H. 8. Barber) ; Dublin, New Hampshire, August, 1909 (H. G. Dyar) ; Westfield, Massachusetts, adults bred from larve in pitcher-plant leaves, July and August, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Spring- field, Massachusetts, adults bred (G. Dimmock) ; Cedar Lake, Illinois, larve in pitcher-plant leaves, June, 1892 (S. A. Forbes) ; Lahaway, Ocean County, New Jersey, eggs, larve in all stages, and adults from pitcher-plant leaves (J. T. Brakeley) ; Baltimore, Maryland, November, 1901 (Dr. Coker) ; Wash- ington, D. C., larve in pitcher-plant leaves in a greenhouse (Miss HE. G. Mitchell) ; Boardman, North Carolina, April, 1904, larvee in leaves of Sar- racenia purpurea (A. D. Hopkins) ; Swansea, South Carolina, August 11, 1911, adult captured (F. Knab) ; Theodore, Alabama, April, 1910, adults bred from Sarracenia purpurea (F. M. Jones). Reported also from Guelph, Ontario (T. D. Jarvis). This is the only known sabethine mosquito inhabiting temperate latitudes. It is of perfectly normal structure, and has close allies in the tropics, inhabit- ing the leaves of Bromeliaceez. Our species was first discovered in the larval state, but its peculiarities passed unnoticed, owing to the imperfect state of the knowledge of the subject at the time. It was finally recognized as a new species, but was placed in the genus Aédes, on account of the short palpi of both sexes. After the erection of the sabethid genera by Mr. Theobald it was determined to belong to the genus Wyeomyia by Mr. Coquillett, although first published under this name by Doctor Felt. Mr. Theobald lately places it in Dendromyia, owing to the comparatively broad wing-scales, but we consider this genus synonymous with Wyeomyia. Mr. Coquillett identified specimens from Florida, bred from Bromeliacee as this species, and this record has been published by Smith and Theobald; we here identify these specimens as Wye- omyia vanduzeei. Mr. Coquillett had also identified several other species from Florida, the Bahamas and Cuba as Wyeomyia smithit. These identifications, so far as we know, have been published by Smith for Florida, referred here to W vanduzeet (p. 65), by Dr. Pazos for Cuba, which will be found here under W. violescens (p. 79), and by Dr. Coffin for the Bahamas, which will be found here under W. bahama (p. 62). Theobald further records Wyecomyia smithii from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, but this is very clearly an error of identification. Pery- asst followed Theobald, and as he quotes his description of our species, we are obliged to cite him in the bibliography. ~ WYEOMYIA CODIOCAMPA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia codiocampa Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xv, 209, 1907. Wyeomyia codiocampa Busck, Smiths. Mise. Colls., quart. iss., lii, 73, 1908. Wyeomyia codiocampa Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 581, 1910. 102 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA CODIOCAMPA: 9.—Proboscis rather short and stout, thickened towards the apex, black scaled; clypeus large, globose, brown with minute gray pubescence; palpi very short, black scaled; eyes divided by a narrow white-scaled strip; occiput clothed with brownish iridescent scales, the ocular margin narrowly white and forming a triangular patch between the eyes; prothoracic lobes large, prominent, well separated, the basal por- tion silvery white, tip also white, the central portion blackish brown; mesonotum short, convex, clothed with bronzy brown scales; sete of the scutellum ferruginous yellow; metanotum pitchy black with a group of sete towards the apex; abdomen rather stout, compressed, truncate at the tip with numerous terminal coarse bristles, black scaled above, creamy white beneath, the white forming deep lateral incisions at the apices of the segments; legs dark, with bronzy luster, the fore legs pale brassy beneath throughout their length, mid legs with the apical portion of the second, the third and fourth joints silvery white beneath, hind legs with the second and third joints silvery white beneath, the fourth and fifth bronzy brown. Length, 4mm. d¢.—Antenne shorter than in the female, the hairs of the whorls more numerous; palpi very short, white scaled; abdomen strongly compressed along the anterior two- thirds, the apex dilated, with lateral and ventral groups of coarse bristles; front legs with the third and fourth joints silvery white beneath, the middle and hind legs light brassy beneath, on the mid legs becoming silvery white on the third and fourth joints, on the hind legs the apical half of the first, the second, third and basal part of the fourth joints silvery white beneath. Length, 4.5 mm. Eleven specimens, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, collector), part of the specimens bred from larve in bamboo joints, the others caught in a bamboo woods. Type.No. 10853, U. S. National Museum. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE, AND LaRva OF WYEOMYIA CODIOCAMPA: Female——Proboscis rather short and stout, enlarged apically, labellze small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy black. Palpi short, flat- tened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous brown, with a silvery-white pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus broadly rounded, convex, dark brown, pruinose. Eyes separated at the vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a metallic reflection, a small white spot at the vertex and a narrow border along the lower half of the eye, widening to a patch below; two long sete at the vertex and short ones along the margin of the eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat scales, brown in the middle, silvery white at tip and base; a row of sete along anterior margin. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat brown scales, with bronzy and blue reflection ; scales on anterior margin and below lateral angles whitish; bristles over roots of wings brown. Scutellum trilobate, with the vestiture similar to and continuous with that of the mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a low, broad median carina, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure dark brown, the cox luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, strongly compressed, truncate at tip, with many long, dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight metallic reflection ; venter yellowish white, the color continued on the sides as triangular lateral patches along the posterior margins of the segments; the scales raised along the mid-ventral line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-half as long as its cell; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross- vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins small, appressed, narrowly triangular, black, with bronzy reflection on the costa, broader and denser on second to fourth vein apically. Halteres whitish with black knobs. WYEOMYIA CODIOCAMPA 103 ° Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy and blue reflection, femora whitish beneath; all the tibia and first joint of hind tarsi pale brassy beneath, the other tarsals pale bronzy beneath; mid tarsi with apical portion of second, all of the third and fourth joints white on outer side; hind tarsi with second and third joints silvery white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0, the hind tarsi with one claw small. Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 4.3 mm. Male.—Proboscis more gradually enlarged at the tip than in the female, the basal half silvery beneath. Palpi minute. Antenne a little more densely haired than in the female, with a small secondary whorl towards the apices of the joints. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen slightly enlarged at the apex, with a dense tuft of terminal hairs divided into four groups. Wings of same shape as in the female, the stems of the fork-cells a little longer. Mid legs shorter than the anterior ones, their tarsi with last three joints curved inwardly in an arc, the last joint with a single claw. Hind legs white beneath on first three and base of fourth tarsal joints; mid legs with third except at base and all of fourth tarsal joints white above. Claw formula, 0.0—0-0.0, those of hind tarsals unequal. Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3 mm. Genitalia (plate 3, fig. 10) : Side-pieces short, the tip stoutly conical, some- what excavated for insertion of clasp-filaments; three long sete in a row. Clasp-filament with stout, short base, the tip expanded and divided into three lobes; outer lobe long and slender; middle one broad, obliquely truncate, and bearing a terminal row of long, fine sete; inner lobe’a short projection upon the middle one, bearing a spine. Harpes rather long, slender, the tips obscurely toothed, a long crest of dense, fine hairs arising from its tip. Harpagones forming a basal cone, the unci a similar, smaller one. Basal appendages repre- sented by three smaller, stout sete. Penultimate segment with a projecting rounded lateral process bearing long hairs ; a second smaller process within. Larva (plate 88, fig. 280).—Head rounded, nearly circular in outline, the posterior angles slight; antenne small, uniform, a single hair beyond the middle; dorsal head-hairs single and rather short, ante-antennal hairs in small triple tufts. Abdomen with all the hair-tufts coarse and stellate, the lateral hairs single, long. Air-tube moderate, about four times as long as wide, uni- formly slightly tapered, the terminal hooks small; two single hairs on dorsal aspect, ventrally one on basal fourth and one near tip. Lateral comb of eighth segment on a large, irregularly elliptical plate, of six large, blunt-tipped teeth ; tuft behind multiple. Anal segment rather longer than wide, with a large dorsal plate; dorsal tuft of four long hairs on each side; lateral tuft at angle of plate of three long hairs; subventral tuft multiple, short. Anal gills rather short, upper pair somewhat shorter than lower ones. Mr. Busck obtained the larve in bamboo-joints which he had cut and pre- pared. The species is probably addicted to tree-holes and similar locations. The hair-tufts are greatly developed, giving the larva a peculiar appearance. Mr. Buseck says: “ These were the most extraordinary-looking mosquito larvee which have come under my observation, and resemble more young caterpillars than dipterous larvee; they are short, fat, and rotund, and covered with many long, black spines in closely set clusters. The movement of the body is therefore short and slow, and they remain for long periods under water, quietly feeding in the decomposed vegetable matter in the bottom.” Panama. Tabernilla, Cana] Zone, Jarve in bamboo-joints, May 9, 1907; also adults captured in bamboo woods (A. Busck). 104 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA WYEOMYIA ABLABES Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia ablabes Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 66, 1908. Wyeomyia ablabes Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 626, 1910. OxiciInaL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA ABLABES: Female.—Proboscis long and slender, somewhat enlarged towards the apex, black- scaled; palpi black-scaled; occiput dark-scaled, with blue and green reflections, the margin of the eyes narrowly whitish scaled and forming a distinct silver spot on the vertex; prothoracic lobes dark-scaled, with violaceous luster, the tips silvery-scaled; Mesonotum dark-scaled, with faint bronzy and blue reflections; pleura silvery white- scaled; abdomen black-scaled above, with slight blue and bronzy reflections, beneath white-scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; legs dark-scaled, with bronzy and blue luster; on the middle legs the extreme apex of the second tarsal joint and all of the third and fourth white beneath; on the hind legs the fourth and fifth tarsal joints are white beneath except at their extreme apices. Length, 3.5 mm. Male.—Resembles the female in coloration. Eighteen specimens, selected from a series, Cérdoba, Mexico, bred from larve in water between the leaves of bromeliaceous plants. (F. Knab.) Type.—Cat. No, 11986, U. S.N. M. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE, MALE, AND LARVA OF WYEOMYIA ABLABES: Female——Proboscis moderate, tip somewhat expanded, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bluish black, paler bronzy beneath. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, with a slight pruinosity ; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, con- vex, dark brown, pruinose. Eyes separated at the vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection, a continuous white margin behind the eyes joining a large white patch at lower part of sides; a row of sete along margin of eyes, two long ones at vertex. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat black scales with bronzy violaceous luster, the tip rather broadly and base silvery white. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection ; scales on front margin and below lateral angles whitish ; hairs over root of wing dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with the vestiture similar to and continuous with that of the mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a broad, flat median carina, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long, dark-brown terminal sete ; dorsal vestiture black with a bronzy and blue reflec- tion ; venter yellowish white, colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell nearly as long as its cell ; basal cross- vein distant less than its own length from the anterior cross-vein; scales of veins dense, moderate, ligulate, black, with a slight bronzy reflection on the costa, densest and broadest towards tip of wing. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black, with a bronzy reflection, the femora yellowish silvery beneath ; tibiee brassy beneath, tarsi with a pale-bronzy luster below; mid tarsi with tip of second, and all of last three joints silvery white on outer side; hind tarsi with white marks at bases of first to third joints, fourth and fifth joints white beneath, except tip of fourth joint. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3 mm.; wing 3 mm. WYEOMYIA ABLABES 105 Male.—Proboscis longer and more slender than in the female, the palpi about one-eighth as long as proboscis, slender, dark-scaled. Antenne similar to those of the female, hairs of whorls longer and more abundant. Coloration as in the female. Wings slightly narrower than in the female, the venation similar, the outstanding scales sparser and broader. Mid legs shorter than fore legs, first tarsal joint but slightly longer than second, last four joints bent inward; mark- ings as in the female. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 3 mm; wing 3 mm. Genitalia (plate 4, fig. 21): Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tapering to tips; basal lobes rounded triangular, setose; three long sete in a line below middle of side-piece. Clasp-filament with a long, slender stem, the tip expanded and divided into three lobes; outer lobe long, slender, with a seta and small hooked tip; middle lobe broad, the tip broadly truncate, bearing rows of sete and a thickened, lined, central area; inner lobe small, slender, smooth. Harpes concave, inner margin thickened, curved at tip, and obscurely dentate. Harp- agones and unci forming small, basal cones. Basal appendages small, each with three short stout sete. Larva, Stage IV (plate 88, fig. 281).—Head broadest at posterior angles, sub- quadrate, anterior margin rounded; antenne rather long, slender, a small double hair beyond middle; upper pair of dorsal tufts in fours, lower pair of two long hairs; ante-antennal tuft multiple. Abdomen with the lateral hairs in twos, the subdorsal tufts stellate ; trachee broad. Air-tube moderate, about four times as long as wide, slightly tapering on outer half, the terminal hooks stout, moderate ; numerous single hairs scattered rather evenly over the surface, those nearest apex shorter and doubled. Lateral comb of eighth segment a row of rather stout, single spines, becoming smaller ventrally ; tuft behind the comb of two long hairs. Anal segment longer than wide, with a large dorsal plate with rounded angles; dorsal tuft of two long hairs on each side, the lateral tuft of posterior angle of plate of two long hairs; subventral tuft large, multiple, moderately long. Anal gills equal, somewhat longer than the segment, broad, with pointed tips. The larve live in water at the leaf-bases of epiphytic Bromelicer. Mr. Knab found them in some small bromeliaceous plants on a tree about five feet from the ground in a coffee plantation, associated with a single larva of Megarhinus superbus; again along a stream near the previous locality on some large trees overhanging the stream in some bromelias near the base of the tree, associated with Wyeomyia abebela, Megarhinus superbus, Culex rejector, and a small Anopheles larva, which was not bred, probably Anopheles newwaz; also in bromelias on a large felled tree in a shaded place on a hillside in a coffee plantation, associated with Culex rejector; also in a bromelia on a tall mango tree about twenty feet from the ground, one of the plants dry, the other containing water but choked with rubbish, a third full of larve, associated with Wyeomyia abebela and Culex rejector; of two other bromeliads on this same tree, about fifty feet from the ground, one contained this species associated with Wyeomyia abebela, Culex rejector, Culex stenolepis, and Megarhinus superbus ; the other contained the Culex and Megarhinus, but none of the Wyeomyta. The adults flew in the vicinity of the trees, and bit in the daytime. Southern Mexico. Cérdoba, larve in Bromeliacee in several places near the town, December 23, 1907, January 16, 1908, March 17 and 21, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Millan, State of Vera Cruz, January 2, 1908 (F. Knab). 106 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA WYEOMYIA LABESBA, new species. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE AND LARVA OF WYEOMYIA LABESBA (Mate UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, tip somewhat expanded, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding set; vestiture bluish black, brassy beneath nearly to tip. Palpi short, flattened, one-eighth as long as proboscis, bronzy black. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, with a slight pruinosity; hairs of the whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, broad, dark brown, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a slight brortzy reflection, a narrow white margin behind the eyes, constricted or inter- rupted subdorsally, joining a large white patch on lower part of sides; a row of sete along margin of eyes, two long ones at vertex. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat black scales with bronzy violaceous luster, tips rather broadly and the base silvery white. Mesonotum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with bronzy and blue reflection, scales on front margin and below lateral angles whitish ; hairs over roots of wing dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a broad, flat median carina, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure brown, coxz luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically and with many long dark-brown terminal sete; dorsal vestiture black with a bronzy and blue reflection ; venter silvery white, the colors separated at the sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of the second marginal cell less than one- third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from the anterior cross-vein; scales of veins dense, moderate, ligulate, black, with a slight bronzy reflection on the costa, densest and broadest towards tip of wing where they become subovate. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long and slender, black, with a bronzy reflection, the femora and tibie brassy beneath, femora silvery at base; tarsi with a pale-brassy luster below ; mid tarsi with apical two-thirds of third, and all of fourth and fifth joints silvery white on outer side; hind tarsi with fourth and fifth joints white beneath, except tip of fourth joint. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 2.8 mm; wing 2.8 mm. Type: No. 12702, U. 8. National Museum. Larva, Stage IV (plate 89, fig. 282) —Head subquadrate, anterior margin rounded, broadest at posterior angles; antenne rather long, slender, a small double hair beyond middle; upper pair of dorsal tufts in fours, lower pair of two rather long hairs; ante-antennal tuft multiple. Abdomen with the lateral hairs in twos, the subdorsal tufts stellate; trachee broad. Air-tube moderate, over four times as long as wide, slightly tapering on outer third; terminal hooks stout, moderate; numerous single hairs scattered rather evenly over surface, those nearest apex shorter and doubled. Lateral comb of eighth segment a row of rather stout single spines, becoming smaller ventrally ; tuft behind the comb of two long hairs. Anal segment longer than wide, with a large dorsal plate with rounded angles; dorsal tuft of two long hairs on each side; laterally on posterior angle a single long hair; subventral tufts large, multiple, moder- ately long. Anal gills equal, somewhat longer than the segment, broad, with pointed tips. WYEOMYIA GYNAICOPUS 107 Mr. Jennings found the larve in wild pineapple plants along the edge of a swampy pasture; “no bush within a quarter of a mile.” Panama. Ancon, Canal Zone, December 24, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, February 4, 1909 (A. H. Jennings). This species is closely allied to Wyeomyia ablabes, but differs slightly both as adult and larva. We are not certain whether the host plant is really the culti- vated pineapple or some other terrestrial bromeliad. WYEOMYIA GYNACOPUS Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia gynecopus Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 66, 1908. Wyeomyia gynaecopus Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 625, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA GYNZCOPUS: Female.—Proboscis moderately long, slender, much dilated toward the apex, black- scaled; palpi black-scaled, with bronzy luster, the tips silvery white; occiput dark- scaled, with green and blue iridescence, the margin of the eyes narrowly silvery- white scaled; prothoracic lobes dark-scaled, with bluish iridescence, the apices Nae rowly silvery tipped, the basal portion mostly white-scaled; mesonotum bronzy brown-scaled, with obscure bluish reflection; abdomen deep bronzy brown above, with blue reflection, beneath coarsely white-scaled, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line; legs dark, with bronzy and bluish reflections, the hind legs with the under side of the fourth and fifth tarsal joints white-marked; on the fourth joint the white extends from the base nearly to the apex, the fifth white at the base. Lengh, 3.5 mm. One specimen, Esparta, Costa Rica, September 18, 1905. (F. Knab.) Type.—Cat. No. 11984, U. S. N. M. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF WYEOMYIA GYN2ZCOPUS (MALE AND LargvA UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis moderate, tip expanded, labellee small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy black. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy black, paler bronzy at tip. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, with a whitish pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus broadly rounded, convex, dark brown, silvery pruinose. Hyes separated at the vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a blue reflection, a narrow, pale margin behind the eyes, narrowest each side of vertex, joining a large white spot at lower part of sides; two long bristles at vertex and a row of short ones along margin of the eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat blackish scales, white at base and narrowly so at tip. Mesonotum clothed with ellip- tical, flat dark-brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection, scales below lateral angles whitish, bristles at roots of wings brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and continuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a broad, low median carina, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure dark brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically and with many long, dark-brown terminal sets; dorsal vestiture black with a slight metallic reflec- tion ; venter yellowish white, the colors separated at sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein distant nearly its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins ligulate, denser and broadly cuneiform apically on second to fifth veins, tips of these scales subtruncate or broadly rounded; black, with a slight bronzy reflection on costa. Halteres whitish with black knobs. 108 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA Legs rather long and slender, black with a bronzy reflection, femora whitish beneath; tibie brassy beneath; tarsi with a brighter bronzy shade beneath; hind tarsi with basal three-fourths of fourth and basal third of fifth joints silvery white beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm. ; The adult was captured in a deep, heavily wooded ravine, in the daytime. Costa Rica. Esparta, September 18, 1905, a single captured female specimen (F. Knah). WYEOMYIA ESPARTANA Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia espartana Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 140, 1906. Wyeomyia espartana Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 625, 1910. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA ESPARTANA: Prothoracic lobes dark centrally, the tips distinctly white. Similar to W. ochrura Dyar & Knab, but the lobes are darker and more contrastingly colored, black cen- trally with a distinct white tip. One specimen, Esparta, Costa Rica (F. Knab). Type.—Cat. No. 10,005, U. S. Nat. Mus. DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE AND MALE oF WYEOMYIA ESPARTANA (LARVA UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather short, tip expanded, labelle small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete; vestiture bronzy black, with a brighter luster beneath. Palpi short, flattened, one-sixth as long as proboscis, bronzy black, tips shining, whitish. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish brown, with a whitish pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, dark brown, whitish pruinose. Eyes “separated at vertex by a narrow wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection, a narrow whitish margin behind the eyes, narrowed subdorsally, tending to form a spot at vertex, a large white spot at lower part of sides; two long sete at vertex and a row of short ones along margin of the eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with fiat, blackish submetallic scales, silvery white at base and tip. Mesonotum clothed with ellip- tical, flat dark-brown scales with a bronzy and blue reflection; scales below lateral angles whitish, a few scales on anterior margin also whitish; sete at roots of wings brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and con- tinuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, with a broad, low median carina, dark brown, a group of small sete near posterior margin. Pleure brown, coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long, dark-brown terminal sete ; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight metallic reflec- tion; venter yellowish white, colors separated at sides in a straight line, the scales raised along mid-ventral line. Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than one-half as long as its cell, that’ of second posterior cell nearly as long as its cell; basal cross-vein distant much less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins rather long, ligulate, shorter and denser apically, black, with a slight bronzy reflection on costa. Halteres whitish with black knobs. Legs rather long, slender, black with a bronzy reflection, the femora whitish beneath; tibie with a brassy luster beneath; tarsi with a light bronzy luster beneath, without white markings. Claw formula, 0.0—0.0-0.0. Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.8 mm. WYEOMYIA DRAPETES 109 Male.—Proboscis as in the female, with a pale-brassy luster beneath. Palpi short, about one-seventh as long as proboscis, clothed with rather coarse silvery scales throughout. Antenne similar to those of the female, the joints with a secondary apical whorl of short hairs, hairs of basal whorls longer and more abundant than in the female. Coloration as in the female. Wings with vesti- ture slightly sparser than in the female. Abdomen rather long, subcylindrical, compressed, expanded at tip, the terminal hairs divided into four groups, scales raised along mid-ventral line. Legs with front tibie bright bronzy beneath. their apices and the tarsi with a brassy luster; mid legs with a pale-brassy luster beneath throughout, somewhat shorter than anterior ones, the tarsi curved inward in an arc, tip of third, all of fourth and fifth joints with a pale-brassy luster on upper side; hind tarsi bright bronzy beneath. Mid tarsi with a single claw, those of hind tarsi unequal ; claw formula 0.0—0-0.0. Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wings 2.8 mm. Genitalia (plate 3, fig. 9) : Side-pieces stoutly conical, twice as long as wide, a lobe at tip next to insertion of clasp-filament ; inner margin thickened in an elliptical area; three sete in a line below middle of side-piece. Clasp-filament with a long, slender stem, the tip divided into three lobes; outer lobe slender, erect, with a hooked tip and row of sete; middle lobe erect, slender, rounded ; inner lobe projecting at right angles, rounded, bearing a row of sete on its margin. Harpes slender, the tips bent and obscurely dentate. Harpagones and unci forming small basal cones. Basal appendages represented each by a row of four stout sete. Penultimate segment with rounded lateral setose lobes. Mr. Jennings obtained the larve in a hollow in the stump of a banana plant, but did not preserve any larval skins. Costa Rica and Panama. Esparta, Costa Rica, one adult taken in a deep, wooded ravine, September 18, 1905 (F. Knab); Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, larve in a banana stump, May 29, 1908 (A. H. Jennings). The species was described from a single specimen taken in Costa Rica. We have been unable to distinguish specifically the specimens from Panama bred by Mr. Jennings. The two localities are somewhat remote, but their general faunistic conditions are not especially different. The material is, however, too scanty to base a positive conclusion upon. WYEOMYIA DRAPETES Dyar & Knab. Wyeomyia drapetes Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart. iss., li, 264, 1909. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF WYEOMYIA DRAPETES: Proboscis short, swollen at the tip. Occiput dark-scaled, the eyes with a margin of white scales, widening into a spot on the vertex. Palpi white-tipped. Prothoracic lobes dark-scaled with silvery white tip and base. Abdomen dark-scaled above, white beneath, the colors separated on the sides in a straight line. Legs dark-scaled. Wing-scales short, dense and cuneiform on the forks of the second, third, and fourth veins. Length, 3.5 mm. Male similar to the female, the palpi entirely white-scaled; mid tarsi with the outer half of the second and the last three joints pale brassy without. Three specimens, San Juan, Trinidad, British West Indies, larve in bamboo stumps, associated with Sabethes undosus Coq. (A. Busck). Type no. 12181, U. S. N. M. z DEscRIPTion oF FEMALE AND MALE OF WYEOMYIA DRAPETES (Larva UNKNOWN): Female.—Proboscis rather short, swollen apically, vestiture black, with slight bronzy luster, brighter beneath, labellz small, rounded, with fine outstanding sete. Palpi short, flattened, one-fifth as long as proboscis, bronzy black, tips broadly silvery. Antenne moderate, the joints slender, subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, 110 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA brown with a silvery-white pruinosity; hairs of whorls long, rather sparse, black. Clypeus rounded, convex, dark brown, pruinose. Eyes separated at vertex by a wedge, bluish black. Occiput clothed with flat brown scales with a metallic reflection, a small, white spot at vertex, which is continued into a narrow border along the eyes, widening into a patch below; two long sete at the vertex and a row of short ones along margin of the eyes. Prothoracic lobes elliptical, distinctly separated, clothed with flat scales, blackish brown, with a minute white tip and a broad silvery-white base. Meso- notum clothed with elliptical, flat dark-brown scales with a bronzy and blue re- flection ; scales on front margin and below lateral angles whitish ; bristles at roots of wings dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, with vestiture similar to and con- tinuous with that of mesonotum, each lobe with a small tuft of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, a group of small, pale sete near posterior margin. Pleura dark brown, the coxe luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat silvery-white scales. Abdomen subcylindrical, compressed, truncate apically, and with many long, dark-brown terminal sete ; dorsal vestiture black, with a slight, bronzy and blue reflection; venter white, colors separated at the sides in a straight line. Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter</