iriNKALoay coHMrfibN

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL

RECORD

PORTLAND AND VICINITY OREGON

Containing Original Sketches of many well known Citizens of the Past and Present

ILLUSTRATED

CHAP^LVX Pl-BLISHIXG COMPANY

Chicago

1903

^

1135G34

0

0 " Let tlic record be made of tlie men and tliing:s of

1o-daj', lest they pass out of memory to-morrow aud are

lost. Then perpetuate them not upon wood or stone

C\ that ernmble to dust, hut upon paper, chronicled In

picture and in words Ihat endure forever." — Kirkland.

^ '^A true delineation of the smallest man and his

' scene of pilgrimage through life is capable of interesting

the greatest man. All men are to an unmistakable de- gree brothers, each man's life a strange emblem of every man's; and human portraits, faithfully drawn, are, of all pictnres, the welconicst on human walls." — Thomas Carlvle.

PREFACE

l'\'w, imk'ccl, arc tlmse unfamiliar with the thrilling experiences of Aleriwether Lewis and William Clark, whn at the instigation of President Jefferson set out on their perilous northwest expedition just a centur\- ago. The succeeding pathfinders and pioneers have been no less ardent in their hopes and ambitions, and as a result of their untiring efforts and untold hardships we lo-day find Oregon taking high rank in the galaxy of our western states. When we studv the progress Oregon has made in the last century we are led to the conclusion that the present gratifying condition is due to the enterprise of public spirited citizens. Thcv have not only de- veloped commercial possibilities and agricultural resources, but thev have also maintained a commendable interest in public affairs, and have given to their commonwealth some of its ablest statesmen. The prosperity of the past has been gratifying and with the increasing of railroad facili- ties and with the further development of resources, there is ever\- rea.son to believe that the twentieth century will witness a most marvelous growth in this part of our countrw In no other locality of the state perhaps have the results of a century of civilization lieen more noticeable than in the cit\' of Portland and the surrounding countrv.

In the following pages mention is made qf- many of the men who have contributed to the de\elopment anrl jirogress of this region— not only capable business men of the ])resent day, but also liMUored ])ii)neers of years gone by. In the compilation of this work, and in the securing of necessary data, a number of writers have been ejjgaged for many months. Thev have vis- ited leading c'tizens. and have used every endeavor to produce a work accurate and trustworthv in even the smallest detads. ( )wing to the great care exercised in the preparation of biographies, the publishers believe they are .gi\'in,g their readers a work containing few errors of consequence. The biograpliies of some representative citizens will be missed from this work: this, in some in- stances, was caused by their absence from home when our writers called, and in other instances was caused by a failure on the part of the men themselves to understand the scope of the work. The publishers, however, have done everything within their power to make the volume a repre- sentative work.

The value of the data herein presented will grow with the passing years. Alanv facts secured from men concerning their early experiences in the state are now recorded for the first time, and their preservation for future generations is thus rendered possible. Posteritv will preserve this x'olume with care, from the fact that it perpetuates biographical history which otherwise wonbl be wholly lost. In those now far-distant days will be realized, to a greater degree than at the present time, the truth of Macaulay's statement that " The history of a countrv is best told in the record of the lives of its people."

CHAPMAN PUBLISHING CO.,

Chicago.

Biographical

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the largest bank of the northwest, an<l at the same time none has a wider reputation for solidity, strength and conservative spirit in investments. Tile maintenance of a general oversight of this institution by no means represeiiled the limit of Mr. Corbett's activities. Scarcely. an enterprise of importance has been inaugurated in Portland since the city's pioneer days in which he was more or less interested and to which his support was not g!^'^■1l, when once convinced of its value to the iniiiiiv i])ality. As prcsidenv of the Port- land Hotel I I'lniany, he was clu^-ly associated with the buildi'iu of the Portland, one of the finest hotels on the coast, and the fame of which, spreading throughout the country, has been of •nralculable value in bringing the <vty into promi- For years he was larL •'vl suburban railwa

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county: N. V., where ■■■<■ !.;■. c. lii.^ .'. Melinda Forbush, a native of .Massachusit descended from a pioneer family of that ^Lau . whose history is traced iiack to. England. Her death occurred in New York. Born of her marriage were eight children, of whom three sons and two daughters attained maturity. One of tlie sons. Elijah, came to Portland in 1864 and remainetl here until his death. Another son, HaPiilton. died in New York during earl\ man- hooil. The daughters were Mrs. Thomas Rob- ertson, who came to Portland in 1856, and Mrs. Henry Failing, who settled in this city in 1858 : holh are n^w decoa<cd.

him 1^22 in 111 iited suppiy

'f clothing. n in a dry-

■ds .store ' ' ar.'l i.ast Broadway.

<'ar later he wholesale dry-goods

1-' '■• , , .irdsell on Cedar street,

for three years as a clerk.

with Williams. Bradford &

.oods merchants. In the fall

1 to come west to Portland.

■ands were seeking the gold

but compar.itively few were

'•■■•■^ vv'ili :l:.- limitless possi-

HON. HENRY W. CORBETT.

H(3N. HENRY W. CORBETT. The First National Bank of Portland, of which Mr. Cor- liett officiated as president from 1898 until his death, March 31, 1903, dates its existence from about 1866 and has the distinction of being the first national bank to be organized on the coast. From an original capital stock of $100,000 it was gradually increased until now the capitalization IS five times as great as at first, while there is a surplus of $700,000 and deposits aggregating about $7,000,000. Without any exception it is the largest bank of the northwest, and at the same time none has a wider reputation for solidity, strength and conservative spirit in investments.

The maintenance of a general oversight of this institution by no means represented the limit of Mr. Corbett's activities. Scarcely an enterprise of importance has been inaugurated in Portland since the city's pioneer days in which he was more or less interested and to which his support was not given, when once convinced of its value to the municipality. As president of the Port- land Hotel Company, he was closely associated with the building of the Portland, one of the finest hotels on the coast, and the fame of which, spreading throughout the country, has been of incalculable value in bringing the citj' into promi- nence. For years he was largely interested in the city and suburban railway system, his po- sition as a member of the board of directors having made it possible for him to contribute to the development of a satisfactory system of transportation. Connected with the organiza- tion of the Security Savings and Trust Com- pany of Portland, he was its president and a member of its directorate. Another enterprise which received the benefit of his co-operation and influence was the Title Guarantee and Trust Company of Portland, while he was further con- nected with important local business industries through his position as president of the Willam- ette Steel and Iron Works.

Special interest centers in the life history of one who was so closely identified with the prog- ress of Portland along every line of commercial development. The genealogy of the Corbett fam- ily is traced to Roger Corbett, a military chief- tain who won distinction under William the Con- queror. The eldest son of Roger was William,

owner of. a country seat at Wattesborough. The second son. Sir Roger Corbett, had for his in- heritance the castle and estate of Cans. The latter's son, Robert, went to the siege of Acre under Richard 1. bearing for his arms in this campaign two ravens, which have since been used by the famil}- for a crest. Early in the sev- enteenth century the family was established in New England, being among the first settlers of Milford, Mass. Elijah, son of Elijah Corbett, Sr., was born in Massachusetts and became a manufacturer of edged tools, first in the Bay state, and later at White Creek, Washington countv, N. Y., where he died. His wife was Melinda F'orbush, a native of Massachusetts and descended from a pioneer family of that state, whose history is traced back to England. Her death occurred in New York. Born of her marriage were eight children, of whom three sons and two daughters attained maturity. One of the sons, Elijah, came to Portland in 1864 and remained here until his death. Another son, Hamilton, died in New York during early man- hood. The daughters were Mrs. Thomas Rob- ertson, who came to Portland in 1856, and Mrs. Henry Failing, who settled in this city in 1858; both are now deceased.

The voungest member of the family circle, as well as its last representative, was Henry W. Corbett, who was born in Westboro, JNIass., Feb- ruary 18, 1827. When four years of age he was taken by his parents to White Creek, N. Y., and later settled in Cambridge, that state, where lie completed the course in the Cambridge Acad- emy at thirteen years of age. For three years he clerked in a village store. At the age of sev- enteen he went to New York City, having with him $22 in money and only a very limited supply of clothing. He obtained a position in a dry- goods store on Catherine and East Broadway. A year later he entered the wholesale dry-goods house of Bradford & Birdsell on Cedar street, where he remained for three years as a clerk. A later position was with Williams, Bradford & Co., wholesale dry-goods merchants. In the fall of 1850 he resolved to come west to Portland. At that time thousands were seeking the gold fields of California, but comparatively few were identifying themselves with the limitless possi-

PORTRAIT AXD BlOGRAi'IllCAL RECORD.

bilities of Oregon. The motive that impelled him in his decision was the fact that Oregon was an agricultural country and California then almost wholly devoted to mining, and he reasoned that the produce raised in Oregon would be taken to California, payments being made with gold dust ; thus Portland would be an excellent trading point.

On the steamer Empire City, January 20, 1851, 'Mr. Corbctt set sail from New York to Panama. Crossing the isthmus on muleback he then took the Columbia, which had been built by Howland As- pinwall of New York to ply between San Francis- co and .Portland. After a few days spent in San Francisco he proceeded to Oregon, arriving at Astoria on the 4th of March. The next day he reached Portland. There were only a few busi- ness houses on Front street. The houses were small and poorly furnished. Improvements were limited. What is now a beautiful city was then covered with large forest trees of pine and spruce. The territory of Oregon embraced Washington, Idaho and a part of ]\Iontana.

Some months before starting west Mr. Corbett shipped a stock of goods on the barque Francis and Louisa via Cape Horn. On the arrival of the vessel in j\Iay, 1851, he transferred the goods to a building on Front and Oak streets and em- barked in a general mercantile business. Leav- ing the store in charge of a manager, in June of 1852, he returned east via Panama, and spent almost a year in New York, meantime shipping goods to the Portland store. In 1853 he returned to Portland, where he continued the business. On the completion of the Union Pacific Railroad it was no longer necessary to bring goods around the Horn, but they were sent by rail to San Francisco, thence by boat to Portland. In 1868 he made the first trip by rail from the east to San Francisco. Previous to this he had made thirteen trips across the isthmus.

Through his election as United States senator from Oregon in 1866 Mr. Corbett gained promi- nence among the statesmen from the west, and was enabled to do much toward advancing the in- terests of his home state. However, he was not a politician at any stage of his career, and his service in public capacities was only as a result of the constant solicitation of his friends, his personal tastes being in the direction of finan- cial and commercial affairs rather than politics. As a business man he contributed to the develop- ment of Portland in a degree surpassed by none. As early as 185 1 he began to be a leader among merchants. He was the first business man to close his store on Sunday, this being regarded at the time as a startling innovation. From that day forward he was strict in his adherence to measures he believed to be just and right. The business which he established shortly after his

arrival in Portland was conducted under the name of H. W. Corbett, then as H. W. Corbett & Co., later as Corbett, Failing & Co., and lastlv as Corbett, Failing & Robertson. Since iSbj their store has been the largest wholesale hard- ware establishment in the northwest, as well as one of the largest on the coast. In 1868 H. W. Corbett bought a controlling interest in the First National Bank, of which Mr. Failing was made president and continued as such until his death in 1898, at which time Mr. Corbett became the executive head of the institution.

h\ 1865 Mr. Corbett took the contract for the transportation of mails to California. Four years later he bought out the California Stage Company and enlarged the line to carry out the contract for running the four-horse stage coach with the mail between Portland and California. On his election to the United States senate he relinquished the contract. From the early davs of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company he was one of its directors and up to the time of his death was a director of its successor, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company. At different times he has had important manufac- turing interests. The building interests of Port- land were greatly promoted by his co-operation. Among the buildings which he was interested in erecting are the following : First National Bank building; Worcester block, six stories, on Third and Oak streets ; Cambridge block, on Third and Morrison ; Neustadter building, on Stark and Fifth ; Corbett, Hamilton and Marquani build- ings, etc. An earnest advocate of the Northern Pacific Railroad, while in tlie senate he gave himself to the work of promoting the measure. After the failure of Jay Cooke to carry the plan to a successful issue and when Henry Mllard undertook the completion of the road, Mr. Cor- bett took a pecuniary interest and in many ways promoted the work.

While living in New York, Mr. Corbett was married at Albany, that state, to Miss Caroline E. Jagger. who was born in that city and died there in 1865. Two sons were born of that union, namely : Henry J., and Hamilton F., both of whom died in Portland in young manhood. The second marriage of Mr. Corbett was solemnized in Worcester, Mass.. and united him with Miss Emma L. Ruggles, a native of that state. Move- ments of a humanitarian nature always received the encouragement and assistance of Mr. Corbett. One of the worthy movements to which he lent his aid was the Pioys and Girls Aid Society, which endeavored to arrange affairs so that chil- dren, guilty of a first crime, were not thrown among hardened criminals. A home was built especially for such first ofTenders and its influ- ence has been lasting and far-reaching.

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

23

The election of Air. Corbett to the United States senate, over Governor Gibbs and John H. Mitchell, occurred in 1866 and he took his seat March 4, 1867. His record as senator was a most excellent one. He secured the appropria- tion for the Portland postofifice. also the custom house at Astoria, and succeeded in having Port- land made the port of entry for the Willamette custom district. One of the bills he introduced provided for the return of the government to specie payment, which, though not passed at the time, was eventually adopted. In the senate he was especially effective in securing much needed financial legislation. On the expiration of his term, March 4, 1873, he visited Europe, spending seven months in a tour that was of deep interest to him as well as a source of recreation. In i8g6, when the St. Louis platform declared for the gold standard, the Republican party in Ore- gon became somewhat disorganized on account of the advocacy by many of free silver. How- ever, the influence of men as conservative and successful as himself did much to secure a Re- publican victory, and McKinley was given a ma- jority of two thousand. In igoo Mr. Corbett was the Republican candidate for the United States senate and had the majority of Republican legis- lators, but was defeated by John H. Mitchell through a combination of Democrats and some of the Republicans. In 1898, when the legislature failed to elect a United States senator, Governor Geer appointed him to the office, but he was not seated on account of the ruling of the L'^nited States senate, they declaring that an appointed senator was not entitled to a seat caused by the failure of a state legislature to elect when they had the opportunity. On several occasions he was a delegate to national Republican conven- tions, where he was recognized as one of the leading men from Oregon. Considerable of his time and thought had been devoted to his duties as president of the board of directors of the Lewis and Clark Exposition, in the success of which he was deeply interested, as affording an oppor- tunity to show to the east and to visitors from other countries the remarkable advancement made by the northwest during the eventful one hundred years since, at the instance of President Jefferson, Captain Lewis and Captain Clark, at the head of a small expedition, sailed to the head- waters of the Missouri and thence crossed the country to the coast, where they arrived Novem- ber 14, 1803. The conditon of the present, con- trasted with the wildness of that period, affords an opportunity for the student of history to note the changes that have rendered possible the pres- ent high state of civilization, for which no class of people deserve greater praise than the indom- itable, energetic and resourceful pioneers. On the day prior to his death, realizing that his

strength was failing, Air. Corbett resigned the office of president.

PROF. IRVING W. PRATT. The city of Portland is one of the greatest strongholds of Masonry in the United States. During the days of the greatest ascendency of this ancient and mystic order on the Pacific coast, no man has been more ardently devoted to the promotion of its highest interests than Prof. Irving W. Pratt ; and it is safe to assume that the great personal esteem in which he is held is accepted by him as ample reward for his unselfish and high-minded services in behalf of the order, ex- tending over a period of more than forty years. He has been honored by elevation to the highest post a Mason may hope to attain in the state, and every possible mark of distinction has been conferred upon him by the fraternity in this jurisdiction.

During the early colonial period in American history the founder of the Pratt family in Amer- ica came from the vicinity of London, England, and settled in Connecticut, from which state Pienjamin Russell Pratt, one of seven brothers, went forth to fight in behalf of the cause of the colonies in the Revolution. Soon after the close of the struggle he removed from Con- necticut to the banks of Cayuga Lake, in New York state, where he spfnt the remainder of his days. Franklin Pratt, a son of this Revolution- ary soldier, was born in Norwich, Conn., and grew to manhood in New York state, whence he removed to Ohio, settling in Huron county about 1842. By occupation a contractor, he secured the contract to construct a section of the San- dusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad, now a part of the Baltimore & Ohio system, the second road to be built in Ohio. Earlier in life he had been for some time a superintendent on the Erie canal. In 1858 he removed to Lenawee county, Mich., where he bought a farm, on which he resided until his death at the age of seventy- five years. \Miile living in New York state he married Hannah Holaway, who was born in Delaware county, N. Y. Her father, Benjamin Holaway, a native of Pennsylvania, and of English descent, became a pioneer of Huron county, Ohio, where he died at the age of ninety- nine years. To an unusual degree he retained his physical and mental faculties to the last, and on the day he was ninety-eight years of age he walked five miles, feeling little the worse for this exertion.

In the family of Franklin Pratt there were six sons and three daughters. The eldest son, Ben- jamin Russell, served in the Mexican war, hold- ing a commission as captain of the Third Ohio Regiment. His death occurred at Dayton, Ohio,

21:

PORTRAIT AND UIOGRATTIICAL RECORD.

The second son, Alartin, was killed by the fall of a tree while hunting, in his young man- hood. Henry, the third son, occupies the old homestead in Michigan. Irving VV. was the fourth in order of birth. Nathaniel Lee, the fifth, is a merchant at Blissfield, ]\Iich. The youngest, Martin L., who served as a Michigan volunteer during the Civil war, is now engaged in teaching in Albina.

Irving W. Pratt was born at Waterloo, N. Y., March 17, 1838, and was about five years of age when the family settled in Ohio. At the age of sixteen he entered Norwalk Academy, from which he was graduated, in the meantime teach- ing schools in adjoining districts. He consid- ered himself fortunate to secure a position as teacher at $8 per month and "board "round," in which manner he paid the expenses of his academic course. CJn leaving Ohio he taught district schools in Michigan, and with the means thus secured paid his way through the Ypsilanti State Normal School, from which he was grad- uated in 1861. He then resumed teaching.

At the first call for volunteers for service in the Rebellion Professor Pratt offered his ser- vices to his country, but was rejected on account of disabilities. Disappointed at his failure to get into the service, he soon turned his thoughts to the far west and decided to seek a home on the Pacific coast. By way of New York and the Isthmus, in 1862 he went to San Francisco, thence to Placerville, Cal., where he was em- ployed as principal of the Placerville school. Re- signing in 1867. he returned to San Francisco with the intention of going to Los Angeles, but was dissuaded from his intention by a Mr. I\Iar- tin, who induced him to change his course toward Portland. After his arrival in Oregon he re- covered from the ague, from which he had been a constant sufferer for some time. He was not long in securing a position as teacher, as in- structors possessed of more than ordinary quali- fications were not easy to obtain in Oregon in those days, and for two years he had charge of schools in East Portland. He then came to Portland as principal of the Harrison Street school, located in the second school building erected in the city. For twenty-two years con- tinuously he served as principal, resigning in 1 89 1 in order to accept the position of superin- tendent of the city schools. When he began teaching in Portland in 1869 but thirteen teach- ers were employed by the city. During the five vears he occupied the post of superintendent he had the supervision of the work of two hundred and eighty teachers, distributed among twenty- eight buildings, and his efficient conduct of the educational system of the citv is on record as successful to an eminent degree. I'ljon retiring from this office in i89r> he accepted the principal-

ship of the Failing school, which he now holds, superintending the work of twenty teachers. In- cidental to his professional labors, for sixteen years he served as a member of the state board of education.

Professor Pratt maintains an interest in re- ligious work and contributes to the support of the Congregational Church, of which his wife is a member, though he is not identified with any denomination. He is connected with the Com- mercial Club, and in a general way has given abundant evidence of his public spirit. He is devoted to the principles of the Republican party, and actively supports its candidates and measures.

The Masonic record of Professor Pratt, to which brief reference already has been made, dates from 1865, when he was initiated into the order in Pilot Hill Lodge No. 160, at Pilot Hill, Eldorado county, Cal. Soon after his removal to Portland, in 1867. he organized Washington Lodge No. 46, and became its first master. Since 1874 he has been a member of Portland Lodge No. 55, in which he is past master. In Port- land Chapter No. 3, R. A. M., he is past high priest, and in Oregon Commandery No. i, K. T., he is past eminent commander. He is also a member of Washington Council No. 3, R. & S. M. In 1871 he received the Scottish Rite degrees, from the fourth to the thirty-second, and for eleven years served as presiding officer in these important bodies. He is past grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Oregon, and since 1892 has been active inspector-general of the Supreme Council of the Southern Jurisdic- tion in the state of Oregon, the highest post of honor possible of attainment in the state. In this capacity he organized Oregon Consistory No. I, A. & A. Scottish Rite, the first consistory in the state. L'pon the organization of Al Kader Temple, N. M. S.. in 1888, he was made illus- trious potentate, and occupied this post for fif- teen years continuously, or until December 26, 1902. .\t the session of the Temple on the evening of January 17, 1903, Professor Pratt was treated to one of the greatest surprises of his life in being made the recipient of a mag- nificent loving cup, a tribute of aflfectionate re- gard from the nobles of Al Kader Temple. The inscription on the cup is as follows: "From Al Kader Tem])le, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. Portland, Oregon, Janu- ary 17, 1903. To Irving W. Pratt, for fifteen years Illustrious Potentate of Al Kader Temple, from its organization, February 15, 188S. to December 26. 1902. A tribute of affection and esteem. Es Selamu Aleikum." Professor Pra't is also the possessor of one of the most beauti- ful Masonic jewels in the United Stales, which was i)resentcd to him in March, i88s. bv Port-

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PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

land Lodge No. 55, and the Scottish Rite Ma- sons of Portland.

The marriage of Professor Pratt was solem- nized in Portland July 14, 1874, and united him with Sophia C. Tavlor. who was born in Ohio. She came to Portland in 1853, joining her father, Peter Taylor, a native of Scotland and a pioneer inhabitant of this city. Her education was re- ceived in the schools of this city, and early in life she engaged in teaching. Professor and Mrs. Pratt have their home at No. 611 First street, and are the parents of six children, name- ly: Douglas L., Irving H., Martin T., all of whom are engaged in business in Portland ; Jo S., who is a clerk on a transport in the Pacific squadron of the United States navy ; Allyne Francis and Gertrude S. The three eldest sons enlisted in Company H, Second Oregon Volun- teer Infantry, for service in the Spanish-Amer- ican war, and were soon sent (1898) to Manila, where they rendered efficient service as soldiers, being fortunate in retaining their health in spite of the trying tropical climate. On their return they all engaged in business in Portland, where they now reside.

It will be observed by a perusal of this brief sketch of important events in the busy life of Professor Pratt that his career has been one of great utility. His long period of service in Port- land as an educator has been characterized by marked success, a consensus of the opinion of those who have closely watched his record be- ing that no incumbent of the office of superin- tendent of the city schools has done more than he to elevate the standard of the schools. As a citizen he has proven himself progressive and public-spirited, giving freely, of his time and in- fluence to the work of promoting those move- ments intended to enhance the intellectual, social and industrial prestige of the community in which he has spent the most active years of his life. Pfr^onally he possesses an abundance of those qtialitics of mind and character which tend to endear a man to those with whom he comes in daily contact, and the people of Portland who have learned to know him best arc steadfast in their allegiance to and devoted in their friend- ship for him.

HENRY FAILING. At the time of the death of Henry Failing of Portland, C. A. Dolph, as chairman of the sub-committee appointed to draft a suitable memorial, submitted the following sketch of his life, which was adopted by unani- mous vote of the water committee at its regular meeting, December 20, i8g8, and ordered spread upon the records of the proceedings of the com- mittee : Henry Failing was born in the city of New York January 17, 1834. He was the second

son of Josiah and Henrietta (Ellison) Failing, the first son having died in infancy. His father was a native of Montgomery county, in the Mo- hawk valley, in the state of New York, and was descended on the male side from the German Palatines, who settled that part of the province in the early part of the eighteenth century. His mother was an English woman, with a strain of Welsh blood in her veins, and came to the United States with a brother and sister about the begin- ning of the nineteenth century. Josiah Failing w:as reared on the farm of his parents and re- mained at home until a young man, going to New York about 1824. There he was married, June 15, 1828, to Miss Henrietta Ellison, daugh- ter of Henry Ellison, of York, England, and Mary (Beek) Ellison, a native of New York. She was born in Charleston, S. C, whither her parents had gone shortly after their marriage. Air. Ellison died suddenly when his daughter was hardly a month old, and the widow, with her fatherless infant, returned to the home of her parents in New' York, where her daughter grew to womanhood. The Beeks were descended from the early Dutch settlers of the province, coming over from Holland before the transfer of the colony from the Dutch to the English more than two hundred years ago. Nathaniel Beek, father of Mrs. Ellison and grandfather of Mr. Failing, did service in the cause of independence during the Revolutionary war, in the Leister county regi- ment of New York militia.

The early boyhood of Henry Failing was passed in his native city. He attended a public school in the ninth ward, then and now known as No. 3. The school was at that time under the control of the New York Public School So- ciety, an organization which has long since ceased to exist, the management of the schools being now merged into the general system of the board of education. The work of the schools in those days was confined to the more simple brandies, but what was taught was thoroughly done ; so that when, in April, 1846, young Failing at the age of twelve bade farewell to school and sports, he was well grounded in the English branches. He entered the counting house of L. F. de Figanere & Co., in Piatt street, as an office boy. M. de Figanere was a Portuguese, a brother of the Por- tuguese minister to the United States, and his partner, Mr. Rosat, was a French merchant from Bordeaux. The business of this firm was largely with French dealers in the city and it was there that Henry Failing acquired such a knowledge of the French language that he was enabled to both write and speak it with facility and correctness. Three years later, having meanwhile become an expert accountant, he became junior bookkeeper in the large dry-goods jobbing house of Eno, Mahonev & Co., of which concern Amos R.

28

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Eno (the lately deceased New York millionaire) was the head. His knowledge of the importing business and custom-house firms and dealers was such that neither of these two concerns had oc- casion for the services of a broker during his stay with them. Mr. Eno, with whom Mr. Fail- ing maintained a correspondence until the for- mer's death, told an intimate friend that it was one of the mistakes of his life that he did not make it more of an inducement for Henry Fail- ing to remain with him. As it was, they parted with mutual regret.

The almost meagre opportunities for the ac- quirement of knowledge which Mr. Failing possessed were so diligently and wisely used that when, in 185 1, a little more than seventeen years old, he made the great move of his life, he was better equipped for his future business career than many of far greater opportunities and educational facilities. April 15, 185 1, in company with his father and a younger brother (the late John W. Failing), he left New York to establish a new business in Oregon. The journey was by sea to Chagres on the Isthmus of Panama, thence by boat up Chagres river, and thence to Panama by mule train. From Panama they came to San Francisco by the steamer Ten- nessee, afterwards lost on the coast. They reached Portland June g, 185 1, coming on the old steamer Columbia, which that year had been put on the route of the Pacific Steamship Com- pany, C. H. Lewis, late treasurer of the water committee, being a passenger on the same steamer. For many years Mr. Failing and Mr. Lewis were accustomed to observe the anniver- sary together.

After a few months of preparation, building, etc., the new firm opened business on Front street, one door south of Oak. Tiie original sign of J. Failing & Co. can be seen yet on the four- story building that occupies the ground. On this spot Mr. Failing continued to do business many years, retaining his interest until January, 1893. Josiah Failing from the first was promi- nent in municipal and educational affairs, being a member of the first city council in 1852 and mayor of the city in 1853. In 1854 the elder Failing retired from business and Henry Failing continued in his own name. He was married, October 21, 1858, to Miss Emily Phelps Corbett, youngest sister of Hon. H. W. Corbett, formerly of this city. Mrs. Failing died in Portland July 8, 1870, since which time he has been a widower. He had four daughters, one of whom died in in- fancy. Three are now living, namely : Miss Henrietta E. Failing. Mary F. Failing and Mrs. Henry C. Cabell, wife of Capt. Henrv C. Cabell, U. S.' A.

In the year 1869 Mr. Failing, in connection with his father, Josiah Failing, and Hon. H. W.

Corbett, bought a controlling interest in the First National Bank of Portland from Messrs. A. M. and L. M. Starr, who had, with some others, established the bank in 1866. Mr. Failing was immediately made president of the institution, which he continued to manage until his death. Immediately after the change of ownership the capital of the bank was increased from $100,000 to $250,000, and in 1880 it was doubled to its present amount, $500,000, while the legal sur- plus and the vmdivided profits amount to more than the capital. In addition to this, dividends far exceeding the original investment have been made to the stockholders. In January of 1871 Mr. Failing and Mr. Corbett consolidated their mercantile enterprises, forming the firm of Cor- bett, Failing & Co., the co-partnership continu- ing twenty-two years, when Mr. Failing's inter- est terminated by the dissolution of the firm. The name of the concern is perpetuated in the present corporation of Corbett, Failing & Robertson, their successors.

In the political campaign of 1862 Mr. Failing was chairman of the state central committee of the L'nion party, a combination of Republicans and War Democrats, who carried Oregon for the Union in those exciting times. In 1864, at the age of thirty years, he was by popular vote elected mayor of the city of Portland, and during his first term in that office a new charter for the city was obtained, a system of street improve- ment adopted and much good work done. At the expiration of his term of office he was re-elected with but five dissenting votes. In 1873 he was again chosen mayor of the city and served for a full term of two years. His administration of the affairs of the city was able, progressive and economical. In the legislative act of 1885 he was named as a member of the water committee and upon its organization was unanimously chosen chairman of the committee, which position he held until his death. Upon all political ques- tions he had decided convictions, in accordance with which he invariably acted ; but he never en- gaged in political controversy nor indulged in personalities. His marvelous judgment and powers of exact calculation are well illustrated by his service as chairman of the water committee. For many years he, substantially unaided, an- nually made the estimates rec^uired by law of the receipts and expenditures of the committee for the year next ensuing. These estimates are, under the varied circumstances necessarily con- sidered in making them, characteristic of him, and some of them are marvels of exactness. His estimate of the cost of operation, maintenance, repairs and interest for the year 1893 was $100,- 000. and the actual outlay was $100,211.91. His estimate of receipts for the year 1892 was $240- 000, and the receipts actually collected were

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

29

$237,300.85. His estimate of the receipts for the year 1897 was $232,000. The amount actu- ally collected was $231,860.95. The magnitude of the task of making these estimates is empha- sized when the fact is considered that not only the fluctuations in the population of a large city must be considered, but climatic conditions an- ticipated, and the amount of water consumed in irrigation based thereon ; the amount of build- ing and the volume of trade considered, and an estimate made of the amount of water consumed in building and in the use of elevators. These various sources of revenue were all carefully con- sidered and estimates made which were in ex- cess of the actual income in but trifling amounts. The career of Mr. Failing affords encourage- ment to young men seeking place and power in business affairs. It demonstrates what can be accomplished by patient industry and honest ef- fort, unaided by the scholastic training aiTorded bv colleges and universities. The counting house was his schoolroom ; but he studied not only men and their afifairs, but also the best authors, becoming well informed in literature, science and the arts. He appreciated the advantages of a classical education and contributed liberally to the support and endowment of the educational institutions of this state. At the time of his death, which occurred November 8, i8q8, he was a regent and president of the board of regents of the University of Oregon and was a trustee and treasurer of the Pacific University, the oldest educational institution of the state. He was a stanch friend and supporter of the re- ligious and charitable institutions of the city and state. The First Baptist Church of Portland, and the Baptist Society of which he was many years the president, also the Children's Home, of which he was treasurer, were special objects of his solicitude, and he contributed largely to the support of all. In connection with the late William S. Ladd and H. W. Corbett he was active in tlie project for purchasing and laying out the grounds of Riverside cemetery. For many years he was desirous of seeing a suitable piece of ground laid out and properly improved for cemetery purposes, and this beautiful spot, where his remains now rest, is in no small de- gree the result of his effort. To the Portland Library Association, of which he was president, he macle large donations in money and gave much time and thought to the work. The library build- ing, now one of the fairest ornaments of our city, is largely the result of his benevolence and enterprise. He was especially generous and kind to the pioneers of the state, who. like him, aided in laying the foundation of a civilization which is now our common heritage, and his name will be remembered and honored by them and their posterity as long as the history of our state is

written or read. In appreciation of his character and of his services to the city and state, his as- sociates of the water committee of the city of Portland direct this tribute to his memory be entered upon their records.

HON. JOHN B. CLELAND. About 1650 the Cleland family, who were strict Presbyteri- ans, removed from Scotland to Ireland, and there, in County Down, Samuel Cleland was born and reared. Before leaving that county he was made a Mason and subsequently rose to the rank of Knight Templar. About 1812 he settled in Orange county, N. Y., where he im- proved a farm near Little Britain. In his old age he joined his son's family in Wisconsin and there spent his last days. His son, James, a native of Orange county, became a pioneer of 1846 in Wisconsin, where he settled near Janes- ville, in Center township. Rock county, on the West Rock prairie. Like his father he took a warm interest in Masonry and in his life has exemplified the lofty principles of the order. During his active life he maintained a deep in- terest in politics and was a local leader of the Democratic party. For some years past he has been retired from agricultural pursuits and now, at eighty-two years of age, is making his home in Janesville. His wife, Isabella, was born in county Down, Ireland, and died in Rock county. Wis., in 1879. -fn early childhood she was brought to this country by her father, John Bry- son, who settled on a farm in Orange county. Of her marriage there were five children, and three sons and one daughter are now living, the eldest of these being Judge John B. Cleland, of Portland. The others are : Mrs. Mary Fisher, of Janesville, Wis. ; Samuel J., a farmer near Emporia, Kans. ; and William A., of Portland, a well-known attorney.

On the home farm in Rock county. Wis., where he was born July 15, 1848, Judge Cleland passed the years of early boyhood. He attended the country district schools, the grammar and high schools of Janesville, and later Carroll Col- lege in Waukesha. At the expiration of the junior year in college he entered the University of Michigan in 1869 and was graduated from the law department March 29, 1871, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Michi- gan, then to that of Wisconsin, and soon after- ward to that of Iowa, in July of 1871 he settled at Osage, Mitchell county, Iowa, where he was a practicing lawyer and justice of the peace. In

1876 he was elected district attorney of the twelfth judicial district of Iowa, comprising eight counties, and this position he held from

1877 to 1885. In the fall of 1884 he was elected circuit judge of the twelfth district by a large

3(1

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAriilCAL RECORD.

majority. A constitutional amendment two years later abolished the circuit courts, and he was then elected district judge, which position he resigned in 1888 on removing to Fargo, N. D. After two years as a practitioner in Fargo he came to Oregon in 1890, since which time he has been a resident of Portland. The appoint- ment as circuit judge came to him in January, 1898, from Governor Lord, to succeed Hon. L. B. Stearns, resigned, as judge of one of the de- partments. The nomination for this office was tendered him in June, 1898, and at the following election he received a flattering majority, im- mediately thereafter entering upon his duties for a term of six years.

In Center township. Rock county. Wis., Judge Cleland married Ellen J. Cory, who was born in that county, her parents having been pioneers from Orange county, N. Y. They are the par- ents of four children, namely : Laura Josephine, Bessie Isabella, Earl James and Mattie Ellen. Mrs. Cleland is identified with the Congregation- al Church and a contributor to religious and philanthropic movements.

The eminent position held by Judge Cleland among the attorneys and jurists of Oregon is indicated by the high honor they conferred upon him in electing him to the presidency of the State Bar Association. No jurist in the entire state is more highly esteemed than he, and none enjoys to a fuller degree the confidence of the people in his impartiality, intelligence and sagacious judg- ment. By his previous experience on the bench in Iowa he had gained a thorough knowledge of the duties of a jurist and was therefore qualified to assume the responsibilities devolving upon him. With him partisanship sinks into the back- ground, yet he is a loyal Republican and since boyhood has never swerved in his allegiance to the party. Socially he is associated with the University Club and Multnomah Athletic Club. Like his father and grandfather, he maintains a constant interest in Masonry. While in Iowa he was made a Mason in Osage Lodge No. 102, where he served as master for two terms. In Osage Chapter No. 36 he served as high priest, while his connection with the commandery dates from his admission to Cceur de Leon Commanrl- ery, K. T., of which he was eminent commander for seven vears. At this writing he is a member of Portland Lodge No. 55, A. F. & A. M. ; Port- land Chapter No. 3. R. A. M., and Oregon Com- mandery No. I, K. T., of which he was emi- nent commander for two terms. During his res- idence in Iowa he was senior grand warden of the Grand Commandery, and since coming to Oregon he has enjoved similar honors, having been grand master of the Grand Lodge in 1898- 99 and grand commander of the Grand Com- mandery of Oregon during the same year. The

Shrine degree he received in El Zagel Temple, N. M. S., Fargo, N. D., and he is now affiliated with Al Kader Temple, N. M. S., of Portland. His Consistory degree has been given him since coming to I'ortland, and he has also attained the thirty-third degree here.

Aside from his connections with bench and bar, fraternal and social organizations, Judge Cleland has a host of warm personal friends in every walk of life. His commanding presence makes him a conspicuous figure in even the larg- est concourse of people. In physique he is stal- wart and well-proportioned, about six feet and four inches tall, and possessing a dignified and judicial bearing, yet with a kindly and genial courtesy that wins and retains deep and lasting friendships.

WILLIAM A. CLELAND. During the years of his residence in Portland Mr. Cleland has established a reputation for accuracy of knowledge and breadth of information in matters relating to his profession, that of the law. For this he was well qualified throtigh the advantages derived from an excellent education. While his early advantages were limited to the district school near the home farm, in Rock county. Wis., where he was born June 22, 1855, yet his teach- ers were thorough and, finding him to be ambi- tious, delighted to aid him in securing a satis- factory start. When thirteen years of age he became a student at Milton and two years later went to Beloit, where he completed the prepara- tory department and in 1872 entered Beloit Col- lege. In 1874 he matriculated as a junior in Princeton L^niversity, from which he was gradu- ated in 1876, with the degree of A. B. His alma mater in 1902 conferred upon him the de- gree of A. M.

Immediately after graduating ]\Ir. Cleland en- tered the law office of his brother. Judge John B. Cleland, at Osage, Iowa, where he combined the duties of clerk with the study of law. Two years later lie returned to Wisconsin, where he re- mained imtil after his mother's death. In 1879 he went to Fargo, N. D., where he continued his law readings and acted as clerk. Admitted to the bar in 1881, he opened an office in Grafton and a year later formed the firm of Cleland & S:iutcr. While continuing the office at Grafton, in January of 1889 he became a member of the firm of ]\lillcr, Cleland & Cleland, of Fargo. In i8qo be came to Portland and with his brother, John B., formed the firm of Cleland & Cleland. Since the accession of his brother to the circuit bench in 1898 he has continued alone.

Alwavs a believer in Republican principles, Mr. Cleland served as chairman of the county and district central committees while living in

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II I

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

33

Dakota. Socially he is a popular man, number- ing a host of friends and well-wishers, an active participant in the affairs of the Commerical Club and a welcomed guest in the most select circles of the city.

Belonging to a family conspicuoush' promi- nent in Masonry, he has shared the general in- terest in that order. While living at Grafton, N. D., he was made a Mason in Crescent Lodge No. II, in which he served as master from December of 1887 to December of 1888. February 6, 1884, he was initiated in Corinthian Chapter No. 3, R. A. M., at Grand Forks, N. D. February 18, 1885, he was made a member of Grand Forks Commandery No. 8, K. T., from which he was demitted March 5, 1890, to Oregon Comman- dery No. I, K. T., of which he is past eminent commander. In 1889 he became a Shriner in El Zagel Temple, N. M. S., at Fargo, and since May 26, 1 89 1, has affiliated with Al Kader Tem- ple, of Portland. He is also associated with Portland Lodge No. 55, A. F. & A. M., and Portland Chapter No. 3, of which he is past high priest. In June of 1902 he was elected grand priest of the Grand Chapter of Oregon, which responsible position he has since filled with char- acteristic enthusiasm and success.

ASAHEL BUSH. The career of Asahel Bush, pioneer journalist and banker, of Salem, illustrates in a striking degree the possibilities of the Northwest during the first half-centurv of its development. The citizenship of Oregon probably affords to-day no more conspicuous ex- ample of the self-made man of affairs, no bet- ter or more worthy type of American citizenship, than is to be found in the subject of this neces- sarily rather brief memoir. A record of the salient points in his career, illustrating the vari- ous steps he has taken onward and upward to the attainment of the unquestionable and un- questioned position as the foremost citizen of the Willamette valley should, and undoubtedly will, prove a source of inspiration to the ambi- tious young men of the present generation whose aspirations lie along lines of a nature more or less similar to those pursued by Mr. Bush dur- ing the days preceding the period since which his position in the commercial world has been assured.

The ancestral history of Mr. Bush, both lineal and collateral, is distinctly American. The founders of the family in the New World emi- grated from England in 1630, and from that time to the present men bearmg that name have lent their best efforts toward the promotion of the welfare of the country, placing America first in their affections and interests. In 1650 rep- resentatives of the familv moved from the state

of Connecticut, where they had resided for more than twenty years, to Westfield, Mass. Aaron Bush, grandfather of Asahel Bush, was a farmer of New England, where his entire life was spent. Asahel Bush, his son, father of the pioneer of whom we are writing, was born in Westfield, Mass., also carried on agricultural pursuits in that state. In public affairs he was prominent and influential, and served as selectman of his town and as a representative in the Massachu- setts State Legislature. He was a believer in the Cfniversalist faith, and a man of broad mind and liberal views. In early manhood he wedded Sally Noble, a native of Westfield, Mass., whose ancestry may also be traced back to England. Asahel and Sally (Noble) Bush became the pa- rents of six children, but two of whom arc now living.

Asahel Bush, whose name introduces this me- moir, was the fifth child in oriler of birth, and the only one who located on the Pacific coast. He was born in Westfield, Mass., June 4, 1824, was reared in that town, and completed his lit- erary education in the Westfield Academy. At the age of seventeen years he moved to Sara- toga Springs, N. Y., where he was apprenticed to the printer's trade in the office of the Sara- toga Sentinel. Here he was employed for about four years, during which time he learned the details of the trade, it having been his original intention to make newspaper work his vocation. As he grew to maturity his views of life broad- ened, and he determined to make his life more useful by mastering the law, thereby equipping himself more fully for the struggle which he realized lay ahead of him. W^ith this ambi- tion dominant in his mind, he returned to his native state and began the study of the law in W^estfield under the direction of William Blair and Patrick Boise, being admitted to the bar of Massachusetts in 1850. Judge R. P. Boise of Salem, a nephew of Patrick Boise, who had pre- viously been a student in his uncle's law office, was a friend of Mr. Bush, and the aspirations of the two young men about this time tended in the same direction, both arriving at the con- clusion that the well-nigh boundless resources of the then new and undeveloped Northwest of- fered to them broader opportunities than the East. Accordingly they decided to put their" fortunes to the test in the territory of Oregon, whither a tide of immigration was then flowing. Soon after having been admitted to the practice of his chosen profession, Mr. Bush started for Oregon by way of the Panama route, leaving New York City as a passenger on the steamer Empire City, bound for Aspinwall. He made the journey across the Isthmus on a boat poled up the Chagres river and on the back of a mule over the mountains, and re-embarked on the

3i

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

steamer Panama, which, after stopping for a short time in the harbor of San Francisco, pro- ceeded northward to Astoria. At that point Mr. Bush took a small boat up the Columbia and Willamette rivers to Portland. A short time afterward he located at Oregon City, where he established a newspaper, which he named the Oregon Statesman, for the publication of which he had had a printing press shipped from the East around the Horn. The first issue of the States- man appeared in March, 1851. Mr. Bush con- tinued to be editor, proprietor and publisher of this pioneer newspaper until 1853, when he re- moved his office to Salem, there continuing in journalism until 1861. The business evidently appealed to him as more fascinating and satis- factory than the practice of the law, for by this time he had abandoned the idea of engag- ing in the practice of his profession. .

In 1861 Mr. Bush sold his newspaper, which thereafter was known as the Union. In 1867 he engaged in the banking business in Salem as a member of the firm of Ladd & Bush, his part- ner in this enterprise being the late W. S. Ladd of Portland. This relation was sustained until 1877, when Mr. Bush purchased the interest of his partner. For the past twenty-six years he has retained control of the institution and has l^een actively engaged in the conduct of its affairs, and through his individual efforts he has made it one of the strongest banking houses in the Pacific Northwest. In 1867 he erected the commodious brick structure now devoted to the purposes of his business.

Mr. Bush has further contributed to the im- provement of the city through the erection of a number of stores and other buildings. He is a stockholder in and president of the Salem Flour- ing Mills, in which he has been interested for man}' years. In company with ^Ir. Ladd and others he purchased this enterprise several years ago and equipped the plant witli roller process machinery. When the mill was destroyed by fire it was immediately rebuilt, and there is now a modern mill having a daily capacity of four hundred barrels. He is also financially inter- ested in the Salem Woolen Mills, is the owner of the Salem Foundry, and for some time was a stockholder in the old Oregon Steam Naviga- tion Company, the predecessor of the present system known as the Oregon Railroad and Navi- gation Company. In addition to these enter- prises, in which much of his capital has been profitably invested and to which he has devoted no inconsiderable portion of his time and energy, he has, at various times, been identified with other local enterprises which have helped to es- tablish the city of Salem on a sound manu- facturing, commercial and financial basis.

In his political views Air. Bush is a Demo-

crat who has always remained firm in his be- lief in the principle of free trade. He has taken an active part in the promotion of the welfare of his party in Oregon, and probably no other man has accomplished more for the general well- being of the Democracy of this state than he. For several years he was a member of the Dem- ocratic State Central Committee, of which he served for a time as chairman. In 1892 he was sent as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago, on which occasion Grover Cleveland was nominated for the presidency for the third time. For eight years he served as Territorial Printer for Oregon, the first and only man to hold that office. He was appointed one of the board of visitors to the Lfnited States Military Academy at West Point, N. Y., filling that post in 1861, when two classes were gradu- ated for the purpose of providing officers for the army in the Civil war. For many years he was a regent of the Oregon State University, but resigned the office ; and at the time of its incorporation was a trustee of Willamette LTni- versity. He is a member of the Oregon His- torical Society, and in religious faith is a Uni- tarian. In 1902 he was made a member of the Board of Directors of the Lewis and Clark Cen- tennial E.xposition to be held in Portland in 1905.

In 1854 Mr. Bush made a trip to his old home in Massachusetts by way of the Panama route, returning to Salem the same year. In 1861 he made a second trip by the same route, and in 1865 he crossed the plains to the East by stage, returning home by way of the Isthmus.

The marriage of Mr. Bush occurred in Salem in October, 1854, and united him with Eugenia Zieber, who was born in 1833 in Princess Anne, Princess Anne county, on the Eastern shore of Maryland. Her father was a native of Phila- delphia, and her mother of Maryland. Her family crossed the plains in 1851, settling in r)regon City, but afterward removing to Salem. John S. Zieber, her father, became surveyor- general of Oregon in 1853, filling the office for one term. Mrs. Bush was a graduate of the Moravian Seminary at Bethlehem, Pa., and was a lady of superior culture and refinement, pos- sessed of many graces of character. She died in Salem in 1863, leaving four children : Estellc, who is a graduate of the school in which her mother received her education ; Asahel N., a graduate of Amherst College, class of 1882, now a partner of his father in the banking business ; Sally, a graduate of Smith College at North- ampton, Alass. ; and Eugenia, who is a graduate of \\'ellesley College.

It is difficult to place a proper estimate upon the services of Asahel Bush to the state of Ore- gon, and particularly to the community in which

1135634

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

37

he has been for so long a period a most potent factor. Thoughtful men who have watched the progress of the state for the past four or five decades are generally agreed that there is liv- ing to-day no other individual whose personal- ity, sound judgment in affairs of finance, trade and commerce, broad-mindedness, thoughtfulness for the welfare of the community at large, and unselfish and disinterested desire to witness the most economical utilization of the partially de- veloped resources so abundant throughout the country in which he was a pioneer, has made, and is yet making, so marked an impress upon the trend of events in the state. For many \'ears his strong guiding hand has been felt in nearly all important undertakings throughout a large expanse of territory within the borders of the state, and his judgment has been sought and deferred to by hundreds of men in all walks of life. A common expression in local commercial and manufacturing circles has been : "Ask Mr. I'lush what he thinks about it." His integrity has always been above reproach, and his motives in all his operations have never been questioned. Honored and respected by all who have learned to know him, and well-beloved by those who have been favored by an intimate acquaintance with him, he is now — in his eightieth year — recognized as the foremost citizen of the Willa- mette valley, if not, indeed, of the entire state of Oregon.

Such, in brief, is the life history of Asahel Bush. Those whose discernment enables them to read "between the lines" and who are famil- iar with the history of the state, will readily realize the nature of the environments which surrounded him in the early years of his resi- dence here, and what courage and fortitude, as well as enterprise and energy, it required to face the pioneer conditions of the Northwest and establish large business interests here upon a profitable basis. In his undertakings, however, he has been greeted with such a measure of suc- cess that his methods naturally prove of pro- found interest to the commercial and financial world. Yet there is no secret in connection with his advancement, for his success has been at- tained through earnest and conscientious effort, guided by sound judgment and keen foresight, supplemented by principles of honorable man- hood.

HON. GEORGE E. CHAMBERLAIN. Be- lievers in the influence of heredity will find much to support their claims in the ancestral record of the governor of Oregon, Hon. George Earle Chamberlain. The qualities that have given him an eminent position in the public life of the northwest are his bv inheritance from a long

line of capable, scholarly and influential ances- tors. The family of which he is a member came from England at an early period in Am- erican history and settled among the pioneers of Massachusetts. His grandfather. Dr. Josepli Chamberlain, a native of Delaware, was one of the distinguished physicians of Newark, that state. The lady whom he married also came of a prominent pioneer family. Her uncle, Charles Thomson, who served as secretary of the con- tinental congress from 1774 to 1789, was born in Ireland, of Scotch lineage, November 29, 1729. Accompanied by three sisters he settled at New- castle, Del., in 1741, and there became a teacher in the Friends' Academy. In 1758 he was one of the agents appointed to treat with the Indians at Oswego, and while there was adopted by the Dclawares, who conferred upon him an Indian name meaning "One who speaks the truth." The possessor of literary ability, he left his imprint upon the literature of his age through his "Har- mony of the Five Gospels," a translation of the Old and New Testament, and an inquiry into the cause of the alienation of the Delaware and Shawnee Indians. His private file of letters, con- taining communications written to him while sec- retary of the continental congress and before that time, is among the most valued possessions of Governor Chamberlain, and contains letters from all the leading men of that day.

In the family of Dr. Joseph Chamberlain was a son, Charles Thomson Chamberlain, a native of Newark, Del., and a graduate of Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia. After receiv- ing the degree of M. D., he settled in Natchez, Miss., in 1837, as offering a favorable opening for a professional man. During the years that followed he built up a large practice and estab- lished an enviable reputation for skill in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. An evidence of his kindly spirit of devotion to duty and self- sacrificing labors for others is shown b)' his rec- ord during the yellow fever epidemic of 1871. At that time, when many physicians felt justified in considering their own health, he attended pa- tients night and day, without thought of self, until at last he was stricken with the disease and soon died.

The wife of Dr. Charles T. Chamberlain was Pamelia H. Archer, a native of Harford county, Md., and now a resident of Natchez, Miss. Her father, Hon. Stevenson Archer, was born in Harford county, and graduated from Princeton College, 1805, after which he became an attor- ney. He served in congress from 181 1 to 181 7 from Alaryland, and in the latter vear accepted an appointment from President Madison as judge of Mississippi Territory with guberna- torial powers, and resigned later. From i8ig to 1 82 1 he again represented his district in congress.

38

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

where he was a member of the committee on for- eign affairs. In 1825 he was elected one of the jus- tices of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, which office he held until his death in 1848, at which time he was chief justice. His father. John Archer, M. D.. was a native of Harford county, Md.. born in 1741. After graduating at Princeton in 1760, he studied for the ministry, but throat trouble rendering pulpit work inad- visable, he turned his attention to medicine. The first medical diploma ever issued in the new world was given to him by the Philadelphia Med- ical College. In 1776 he was elected a member of the convention which framed the Constitution and Bill of Rights of Maryland. At the com- mencement of the Revolutionary war he had command of a military company, the first enrolled in Harford county, and was a member of the state legislature. After the war he practiced his profession and several important discoveries in therapeutics are credited to him. In 1797 he was a presidential elector and from 1801 to 1807 was a member of congress from Maryland. His death occurred in 1810. The Archer family is of Scotch-Irish descent and was represented among the earliest settlers of Harford county, where for generations they wielded wide influ- ence. It is worthy of record that the portrait of Hon. Stevenson Archer appears among those of distinguished men of Maryland placed in the new courthouse in Baltimore, that state, and also adorns the courthouse in his native county.

In a family of five children, one of whom, Charles T. Chamberlain, is a merchant in Natchez, Miss., Hon. George Earle Chamberlain was third in order of birth. His name comes to him from an uncle, George Earle, who was one of the noted men of Maryland, and assistant ]5ostmastcr general of the United .States during General Grant's term as president. In his native city of Natchez, Miss., where he was born Janu- ary I, 1854, he received such advantages as the public schools afforded. On leaving school in 1870 he clerked in a mercantile store. Two years later, entering college at Lexington, Va., he took the regular course of study in the Washington and Lee University, from which he was gradu- ated in July of 1876, with the degrees of A. B. and B. L. Shortly after his graduation he re- turned to Natchez, where he remained until after the presidential election. However, prospects for success in the south were not encouraging at the time, and he determined to seek a more favorable opening. With this purpose in view he came to Oregon, which has been his home since his arrival December 6, 1876. Early in 1877 he taught a country school and in the latter part of the year was appointed deputy clerk of Linn county, which position he held until the summer of 1879. During 1880 he was elected to the lower house

of the legislature and in 1884 became district at- torney for the third judicial district of Oregon. In the discharge of the duties of these various offices he gave satisfaction to all concerned, evincing wide professional knowledge and re- sourcefulness. His talents being recognized by the governor, he was given the appointment of attorney-general of C^regon on the creation of that office by act of legislature in 1891, his ap- pointment bearing date of May 21, 1891. For a short time before this he had been interested in the banking business at Albany, being con- nected first with the First National Bank, and later with the Linn County National Bank.

At the general election following his appoint- ment he was elected attorney-general on the Dem- ocratic ticket, receiving a majority of about five hundred, notwithstanding the fact that the Re- publican majority in Oregon at that time was about ten thousand. In 1900 he was elected dis- trict attorney of ]\Iultnomah county by a major- ity of eleven hundred and sixty-two, the county being then about four thousand Republican. The highest honor of his life came to him, unsolicited, in 1902, when the Democrats nominated him for governor by acclamation. In the election that followed he received a majority of two hundred and fifty-six over the Republican candidate, al- though on the congressional vote the state at the time was nearly fifteen thousand Republican. These figures are indicative of his popularity, not only with his own party, but with the gen- eral public. Among his large circle of friends and admirers are many who, though of different political faith, have yet such a warm regard for the man himself and such a firm faith in his ability to guide aright the ship of state, that many thousand votes were given him by people accus- tomed to vote another ticket than his own. It is doubtful if any public man possesses greater strength among the people of the state. Through the long period of his residence here he has won and maintained the confidence of the people, and his upright life, combined with unusual mental gifts, has given him his present prominence and prestige.

In Natchez, Miss., Mr. Chamberlain mar- ried Miss Sally N. Welch, who was born near that city, a descendant of an old Revolutionary family from New Engand. Her father, A. T. Welch, a native of New Hampshire, was a large planter near Natchez, the possessor of abundant means that rendered possible the giving of valu- able educational advantages to his children. Mrs. Chamberlain was graduated from the Natchez Institute and is a lady of culture and re- finement, an active member of the Calvary Pres- bvterian Church and also a member of the East- ern Star. Born of this marriage arc the follow- ing children : Oiarles Thomson, a graduate of

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORn.

41

Portland High School and Academy, and a mem- ber of the class of 1903, Cooper Medical College, San Francisco ; Lncie Archer, Marguerite, Carrie-Lee, George Earle, Jr., and Fannie W.

The Commercial Club of Portland, Multnomah Amateur Athletic Club, University Club and Oregon State Historical Society, number Gov- ernor Chamberlain among their members. A life member of the Benevolent and Protective Order (if Elks in Portland, he is past exalted ruler of the local lodge. While at Albany he joined the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he is past noble grand and a demitted member of lodge and encampment. Interested in the Knights of Pythias, he is past chancellor of Lau- rel Lodge No. 7 at Albany. His record in Masonry is interesting and proves him to have been devoted to the lofty principles of that order. ' His initial experience wath RIasonry began in St. Johns Lodge No. 62, A. F. & A. M., at Al- bany, of which he is past master. At this writ- ing his membership is in Willamette Lodge No. I, at Portland, and he is past grand orator of the Grand Lodge of Oregon. The Royal Arch de- gree was conferred upon him in Bailey Chapter No. 8, at Albany, in which he is past high priest, and he is also past grand high priest of the Grand Chapter of Oregon. He was raised to the Knight Templar degree in Temple Comman- dery No. 3, K. T., at Albany, in which he is past eminent commander. The thirty-second degree was conferred upon him in Oregon Consistory No. I, at Portland, and he is also identified with Al Kader Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine.

JAMES D. FENTON. The genealogy of the Fenton family is traced to England, whence three brothers came to America, one settling in Virginia, another in New York and the third in New England. Descended from the Virginian branch was James E. Fenton, a native of the Old Dominion, born in 1798, and in early life a resident of Kentucky, but after 1820 a pioneer farmer of Boone county. Mo., where he died. His son, James D., was born and reared in Boone county and became a farmer in . Scotland county, that state. From there, in May of 1865, he started across the plains with ox-teams, accompanied by his wife and seven children. Joining an expedition of over one hundred wagons, he was able to make his way safely through a region inhabited by hostile Indians. During the winter of 1865-66 he taught school near what is now Woodburn, in Marion county. Ore., but in the spring of 1866 he removed to a farm near McMinnvdle, Yamhill countv. In addition to improving this property, he cleared a tract near Lafayette, and on the latter farm his death occurred in Februarv of 1886, when

he was fifty-four years of age. Through all of his active life he adhered to Baptist doctrines and favored Democratic principles. At one time he held the office of county commissioner. The marriage of James D. Fenton united him with i\Iargaret A. Pinkerton, who was born near Barboursville, Ky., and is now living in Portland, at seventy-two years of age (1902). Her father, David, was born near Asheville, N. C, of Scotch descent, and settled in Ken- tucky when a young man. After his marriage he established his home on a plantation near Barboursville. In 1846 he removed to Clark county. Mo., and from there in 1865, accom- panied Mr. and Mrs. Fenton to Oregon. His grandfather, David Pinkerton, was a cartridge box maker and rendered valued service during the Revolutionary war. The Pinkerton an- cestors became identified with the Carolinas as early as 1745. In the family of James D. and Margaret A. Fenton there were ten children, namely : William D., attorney-at-law, of Port- land ; Mrs. Amanda Landess, of Yamhill county ; James Edward, an attorney at Nome, Alaska ; Frank W., an attorney at McMinnville, Ore. ; J. D., a practicing" physician in Portland ; H. L., a merchant at Dallas, Ore.; Charles R., an at- torney, who died at Spokane, Wash., in 1893 ; Matthew F., who is engaged in dental practice at Portland ; Hicks C, a physician of Portland ; and Mrs. J\Iargaret Spencer, also of Portland.

HON. WILLIAM D. FENTON. Within re- cent years, and particularly during the opening years of the twentieth century, William D Fenton has gradually grown to be recognized, within the ranks of his profession and among the laity, as a man exerting a strong influence upon the cur- rent of public events in the city of Portland, and to no meager extent in the state of Oregon at large. His unquestioned ability as a legal prac- titioner and the hearty interest he has taken in affairs calculated to develop and foster the im- portant material interests of the home of his adoption have brought him prominently before the public, in whom rests an abiding confidence in his manifest capabilities, his public spirit and his integrity of character. Educated in western schools, fortified by an accurate knowledge of the west and its resources, and well-grounded in the principles of the law, he began the practice of his profession with a good foundation of hope for future success. Since 1891 he has been en- gaged in practice in Portland, where, in addition to his general practice (with a specialty of cor- poration law ) , he now acts as counsel for the Southern Pacific Company in Oregon.

Mr. Fenton was born at Etna, Scotland countv. Mo., June 29, 1853. a son of James D. and Mar-

42

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

garet A. (Pinkerton) Fenton. (See sketch of James D. Fenton, preceding). When the family crossed the plains in 1865 he was old enough to be of considerable help to his father, and during much of the journey assisted by driving an ox- team. After settling in Oregon he took a pre- paratory course in McMinnville College, and in 1869 entered Christian College at Monmouth, Ore. (now the State Normal School), from which he graduated in 1872 with the degree of A. B. For a time thereafter he taught school in his home county. In 1874 he began the study of the law in Salem, and in December of the following year was admitted to the bar before the supreme court of the state. From 1877 to 1885 he practiced in Lafayette as a member of the firm of McCain & Fenton. During his resi- dence in Yamhill county he served one term as a member of the state legislature representing that county. He first located in Portland in 1885, but six months later the death of his father caused him to return to Yamhill count}-, where he continued to reside four years. In April, 1889, he removed to Seattle, where he was engaged as assistant district attorney for a while. In June. 1890, he returned to Oregon, and the following vear re-located in Portland, where he has since been continuously engaged in the practice of his profession. For some time he was a member of the firm of Bronaugh, McArthur, Fenton & Bro- naugh, one of the strongest law firms of the northwest; but upon the death of Judge Mc- Arthur and the retirement of the senior Bro- naugh the partnership was dissolved. Besides his interests in Portland he owns a portion of the old homestead. ,

Since the inception of the movement for hold- ing the Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland in 1905, Mr. Fenton has taken a leading part in the formulation of plans for that gigantic enter- prise. As a member of the sub-committee on legislation of the Lewis and Clark board (con- sisting of Mr. Fenton, P. L. Willis and Rufus Mallory). he drafted the bill presented to the Oregon legislature at its session of 1903 and passed by that body. The bill provides that the governor shall appoint a commission of eleven members, who shall work in touch with the Lewis and Clark board; that if the commission and the board cannot agree upon any subject the differences shall be adjusted by the governor, sec- retary of state and state treasurer, whose decision shall be binding on the commission ; that $50,- 000 of the $500,000 appropriated shall be used to pay the expenses of making an Oregon exhibit at St. Louis in 1904, and that as much of this exhibit as possible shall be returned to Oregon for the Lewis and Clark Exposition ; that the commission shall erect a memorial building ir, Portland on ground to be donated for the pur-

pose, provided that not more than $50,000 of the state's money shall go for this building, and pro- vided that the Lewis and Clark board shall contribute $50,000 toward the cost of the same structure. The measure further provides that one-half of the total amount of the appropriation shall be available in 1904 and the remainder in 1905, but the commission is authorized to enter upon contracts before this money comes in, on warrants drawn by the secretary of state. It was Mr. Fenton's idea in framing the bill to give the commission as much discretion in the use of the public funds as would safely conserve the inter- ests of the state.

In jNIonmouth, Ore., October 16, 1879. Mr. Fenton married Katherine Lucas, a native of Polk county, this state. Her father. Albert W. Lucas, a Kentuckian by birth, came to the north- west as early as 1853 ^""J identified himself witli the agricultural interests of Polk county. The four sons of Mr. and ]\Irs. Fenton are named as follows : Ralph Albert, member of the class of 1903, LTiiversity of Oregon; Horace B.. class of 1902. Portland Academy; Kenneth L., class of 1904. Portland Academy; and William D., Jr. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which Mr. Fenton formerly served as trustee. He is a member of the State Bar Asso- ciation, and socially is connected with the Arling- ton and University Clubs, being a charter mem- ber of the latter. His identification with ]\Ia- sonry dates from 1880, when he was initiated into Lafayette Lodge No. 3, A. F & A. M. At this writing he is connected with Portland Lodge No. 55, A. F. & A. M., Oregon Consistory No. I, and Al Kader Temple, N. AI. S. He is also a member of the Ancient Order of L'nited Work-

MILTON SUNDERLAND. Back to patri- otic sires on both sides of his family, Milton Sun- derland traces his descent, and unquestionably derived from these same admirable sources the reliable traits of character developed at a later period among the trying pioneer conditions of Oregon. Mr. Sunderland, who is rounding out his well directed retirement in Portland, was born in Mercer county. Mo., June 8, 1842, and was reared in Iowa until his tenth year. His paternal and maternal grandsires followed the martial fortunes of Washington for four years, one of them being a celebrated and most astute spy, who, afterward being captured, was one of two to successfully run the gauntlet and escape. The parents of Mr. Sunderland, mentioned at length in another part of this book, were Benja- min and Elizabeth (Schaffer) Sunderland, na- tives respectively of Tippecanoe county, Ind., and Pennsvlvania.

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

43

The little log school house in Wapello county, Iowa, where Milton Sunderland gained his first glimpse into book lore, was situated one mile from the paternal farm, and was only pat- ronized by the Sunderland children for a few months during the winter time. A flood appear- ing in 1851 his father decided to run no more risks in the Keokuk district, and an emigration of the family to the west was planned. The ten-year-old lad made himself useful driving loose cattle on the way, and he walked a great many miles of the long distance. The remark- alile personality in this part of the great caravan that wound its way over river and plain was the mother of the six Sunderland children, who drove the family carriage drawn by two Cana- dian ponies, each weighing a thousand pounds, missing only one day of such service when once on the way. Also she was a ministering angel to the sick and weary and discouraged, and Ijy her great strength of character and sublime faith in their ultimate good fortune, stimulated them to renewed effort.

After the family located on their permanent section of land, one mile east of Woodlawn, Mil- ton, though barely eleven years of age, made himself generally useful, and materially assisted in grubbing and clearing the timbered land, and preparing the way for crops. About this time the family lived in a rude cabin with a dirt floor, and the inconvenience and loneliness can be ap- preciated only by those similarly placed. Hav- ing reached his majority Mr. Sunderland started for Florence, on the Salmon river, Idaho, his brother accompanying him on the four hundred mile walk. They had three pack horses, and were reasonably successful as miners, and also increased their revenue during the three years later devoted to logging on the Columbia Slough Road. In Portland Air. Sunderland was inter- ested in the wood business for eleven months, and then returned to the Columbia river district and engaged in the dairy business. Since then he has been dealing in stock on a large scale and has lived on farms in different parts of Mult- nomah county. His last rural residence was on the old Payne place of one hundred and ninety acres, where he engaged in farming until mov- ing to Portland in 1886. This ranch, finely im- proved, and equipped with all modern labor sav- ing devices, passed from the possession of Mr. Sunderland in March of 1901, and with it went the stock, which had the reputation of being among the finest in Multnomah county. At one time he owned as many as nine hundred acres, a considerable portion of which was in the city limits, and was therefore more suitable for resi- dence and business blocks than stock raising. Mr. Sunderland is interested in a coal mine twenty-eight miles south of Portland, in Wash-

ington county, the company having already be- gun to operate the same. In the spring of 1902 Mr. Sunderland built a summer home at Hood River, three-fourths of a mile from the depot, and here the family spend much of their time during the summer.

\'arious social and other organizations benefit b}- the membership of Mr. Sunderland, whose genial manner and unfailing tact not only win but retain friends. He is essentially social in his tastes, and is devoted to out-of-door sports, es- pecially hunting and fishing. Politically he has always been a firm supporter of the principles of the Democracy, and for several years served as school director, being an earnest advocate of good schools. For thirty-five years he has been identi- fied with the Orient Lodge No. 17, I. O. O. F., and for many years a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Fidelity Lodge No. 4, in which he has passed all the chairs and is a charter member of the Degree of Honor, an aux- iliary of the Workmen. With his wife he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and contributes generously of time and means to- wards its maintenance and charities.

His wife bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Stansbery. (A complete sketch of her family will be found in the biography which follows.) To Mr. and Mrs. Sunderland have been born the follow- ing children : Mary A., a graduate of the Port- land Business College, and now Mrs. Beckwith of Portland ; Charles, a graduate .of the Portland high school, and now engaged in dairying on the Columbia Slough Road ; Ivy M., Mrs. Rowe of Portland ; and Bertha, at home with her par- ents.

All his life Mr. Sunderland has been a very busy man, and now that he has retired from active business he well deserves the rest which a long, busy and useful life rewards. At all times he has been ready and willing to give time and means in support of any measure that had for its basis the betterment of the conditions with which the people of Oregon are surrounded. He has never been a man that cared for publicity, pre- ferring to do his part in a quiet unostentatious way. A man with strong domestic tastes, he has found his great happiness within the bosom of his family and all his life he has been a devoted husband and loving father. To such men too much credit cannot be given, for it is to them the great debt of gratitude is due, as thev are the ones who have redeemed Oregon from a wilderness and they are the ones that have stood for all that was good and pure.

JOHX E. STANSBERY. While not one of the early pioneers of Oregon, Mr. Stansbery was one of the man_\- that crossed the plains with ox

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PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

teams, encountering all of the hardships and privations incident to the long, tedious trip. A native of Indiana and a son of John Stansbery, John E. was thoroughl_v familiar with the life of the pioneer. His father was born in New Jersey and settled in the Hoosier state at a very early day. Later in life he removed to JeiTerson couiitv, Iowa, where he lived until death ended his career in this world. Reared on the plains of the great middle west, John E. Stansbery had few advantages, as in those days the services of the boy were too valuable to be wasted in school, and as soon as old enough he was obliged to per- form his part of the farm labors. When a young man he learned the cooper's trade, which he fol- lowed for some _\ears. Later he engaged in farming in the state of his nativit\-, and in 1852 he started for Oregon, but for some reason, when Jefferson county, Iowa, was reached, the little party tarried. Here he engaged in farm- ing and stock raising until May 3, 1862. Then, in company with his wife and six children, he resumed the trip that had been begun ten }'ears previous. Six months were spent in covering the weary distance and it was on October 15, 1862, that the little band reached Portland. For the first two years they lived on a farm near Hills- boro, while the third year was spent on what was known as the old Ouimby place. The next five years were spent on the Whittaker farm, and then a dairy farm of one hundred and sixty acres was purchased in what is now Woodlawn. On this farm he conducted a dairy and carried on general farming up to the time of his death in September, 1881.

His wife, who in maiden life was Miss A. M. Hughes, was born in Charleston, Clark county, Ind.. a daughter of William Hughes, a native of Kentuckv. The original name of the Hughes family is veiled in obscuritv, having been lost track of when the paternal great-great-grand- father was kidnapped from his seaport town in England, and brought to America when a very small lad. In this country he was adopted by a family by the name of Hughes, from whom he took his name. He accompanied them on their removal from Kentucky and remained with them after they took up their residence in Indiana. The paternal grandfather Hughes, also William by name, was a cooper bv trade, and after he en- gaged in farming in Indiana he had a small shop on his farni, where he did the work of the neigh- Iiorhood.

John E. Stansbery, the father of Mrs. Sunder- land, married Miss A. M. Hughes, who is still living and resides in Portland. She became the mother of thirteen children, ten of whom grew to maturity, and nine of whom are now living, Nancy Elizabeth being the oldest ; Marv Mar- garet is now Mrs. A. J. Dufur of Wasco countv.

Ore. ; Susan E. is now ]\Irs. Windle of Portland ; Rosa Lell married W. D. Zeller of Portland, but now in Dawson ; Lucetta became the wife of John Foster, who died January 3, 1901 ; Frances is now Mrs. M. A. Zeller of Portland; J. E. and S. E. are twins and live in Woodlawn ; and Will- iam Grant is living in Dawson. Mrs. Sunderland was reared in Iowa until her fourteenth year, when she accompanied her parents on their re- moval to Oregon. She has a very vivid remem- brance of the long trip across the plains, which to her was a long joyous holiday.

In politics Mr. Stansbery was a firm supporter of the men and measures of the Republican party, but he never had the time nor inclination to take any active part in the political struggles, prefer- ing rather to devote his whole time to his busi- ness interests. Fraternally he was identified with the Masonic order, while religiously he was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

I. N. FLEISCHXER. The rapid development of manufacturing on the Pacific coast in recent years has brought to the front young men of executive ability and firm grasp of detail. A man of this progressive type is I. N. Fleischner, of the firm of Fleischner, Mayer & Co., Port- land, the largest manufacturers of and dealers in dr^" goods in the Pacific northwest. Mr. Fleisch- ner is a native Oregonian, having been born at Albany, July 16, 1859. His father, Jacob Fleischner, had settled in Oregon in the early '50s. Coming from Austria when quite a young man, he engaged for a time in merchandising in Iowa, but soon joined in the westward march and crossed the plains to C^regon in an ox-team, which was the only method of conveyance half a century ago. At Albany he began business again and widened his field of operations by mov- ing to Portland in i860. At present his family consists of himself and wife. Six children were born to this union, of whom two sons and three daughters are living.

I. N. Fleischner was educated in the public schools of Portland, supplementing the high school course by a term at St. Augustine Military College, Benicia, Cal., from which he was grad- uated in 1878. After leaving school, he entered the firm of which he is now a partner. Upon the death of his uncle, Louis Fleischner. he suc- ceeded with his brother to the Fleischner end of the business. At that time the firm was com- posed of I. X. and Max Fleischner. Solomon Hirsch, Sanniel Simon, and Mark A. Mayer. Mr. Hirsch has since died.

From the time that he first engaged in busi- ness, Mr. Fleischner has been actively identified with every movement for the good of the state

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rORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

47

of Oregon. He has served the Manufacturers' Association as vice-president and for two years was secretary of the Portland Chamber of Com- merce, the most influential commercial body on the northwest coast. The Commercial Club and other business and social organizations include him among their members. In June, 1903, the city of Heppner, Lire., was partially destroyed by a flood and nearly two hundred and fifty peo- ple were drowned. A great amount of relief was sent from Portland to the stricken people, and Mr. Fleischner was honored by the mayor with appointment as chairman of the relief com- mittee, a position which he filled with signal abil- ity. Mr. Fleischner's firm was one of the largest subscribers to the stock of the Lewis and Clark h'air corporation, which has been formed to hold an international exposition at Portland in 1905 in honor of the one hundredth anniversary of the exploration of the Oregon country by the explorers Lewis and Clark. Mr. Fleischner is a member of the board of directors of this cor- poration and chairman of the committee on press and publicity.

Mr. Fleischner is an extensive traveler and has made several trips abroad, taking in Europe, Asia and northern Africa. He is a close ob- server, and his letters and lectures on places he has visited have been greatly appreciated in Portland. Mr. Fleischner was married in 1887 to Miss Tessie Goslinsky, of San Francisco. Mr. and Mrs. Fleischner have one child.

HON. JOSIAH FAILING. In the dawn of her awakening prosperity Portland had her com- manding personalities who manipulated her re- sources with dexterous hand, and developed whatsoever of lasting good was suggested by her advantages of climate, situation and soil. Such an one was Hon. Josiah Failing, founder of a family of splendid commercial and moral import- ance, and transmitter of traits everywhere recog- nized as the fundamentals of admirable citizen- ship. So fine a mental revelation of Portland's needs, so harmonious a blending of opportunities and accomplishments, suggest to the student of nationalities the country from which he drew his inspiration, especially when he is universally re- called as one of the founders of the public school system of his adopted city. That empire which produced a John Jacob Astor, produced also the house of Failing, and from the Palatinate on the Rhine came the paternal grandfather of Josiah, who settled in the Mohawk \'alley west of Al- bany, N. Y., in 1 710. This emigrant ancestor had the thrift that is begotten by industry, the positive purpose born of moral motive and the vigorous mentality that is nurtured and strength- ened by upright living, all of which are character-

istics par excellence of the chiklren of the Father- land. Descendants of the establisher of the fam- ilv in America continued to live in New York state, and at Canajoharie, Montgomery county, Josiah Failing was born on his father's farm, July 9, 1806.

Shut in by the horizon of the paternal acres, Mr. Failing realized his limitations and was con- vinced that destiny intended him for larger things than were possible in the then circum- scribed life of the agriculturist, and when six- teen years of age he went to Albany, to learn the trade of paper stainer, and in 1824, accompanied his employer to New York. He served his ap- prenticeship and continued to follow his trade until he was forced to abandon it on account of ill health. His next venture was in the trucking business, which he followed for some years. Dur- ing this time he served for several terms as super- intendent of public vehicles of the city. Becom- ing convinced that the west with its undeveloped resources offered better inducements, he deter- mined to seek a home on the Pacific coast, and in 1 85 1, accompanied by his two oldest sons, Henry and John W., he came to Oregon, which was then a territory, and settled in Portland. Two years later he was followed by the re- mainder of the family. At that time the city was in its infancy, but Mr. Failing seemed to have faith in its future and soon after his arrival he organized the firm of J. Failing & Co. The following twelve years were devoted to the active management of this business, at the end of which time he retired.

The pronounced ability of Mr. Failing was bound to receive ready recognition in his new home in the west, and especially were his broad and liberal political tendencies required in shap- ing the future municipal policy of the town. In 1853 he was elected mayor of the city, and during his term of service he wisely directed its affairs from chaos to a semblance of order and stability. He was a delegate to the national convention which nominated President Lincoln for a second term, and to the convention which nominated General Grant. More than any other of the great forerunners of northwestern development he foresaw the advantages of educating the rising generation, and to this end devoted his most strenuous eflforts, eventually accomplishing the establishment and management of that system whose present high excellence is attributed to his timely guidance. It is perhaps in this con- nection that Mr. Failing will be longest remem- bered, and no higher tribute could emanate from the hearts of a grateful posterity, who realize that this large-hearted and clear-minded pioneer saw them in his waking dreams, traversing the byways and lanes accessible to the assimilated intelligence of the world, and willingly gave of

4S

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

his time, his money and his counsel for the fur- therance of his immeasurable desire.

In his religious inclinations Mr. Failing was a Baptist, and he was one of the founders of the first church of that denomination in the city of Portland, which occurred in August, i860. Al- ways interested in its advancement and well- being he actively promoted its interests, and con- tributed generously to its charities. To live far beyond the biblical allotment was the privilege of JVIr. Failing, and to no wayfarer among the stress of a growing city could that "Old age serene and bright and lovely as a Lapland night" descend with greater beneficence. Throughout his days he was distinguished for honesty, in- dustry, and that fine consideration for other.s which more than any other trait in human nature is responsible for the worth-while accomplish- ments and friendships of the world. He was both a philanthropist and a humanitarian, and his efforts to alleviate the misery around him were continuous rather than intermittent. His death, August 14, 1877, deprived the city of one of her noblest men. He not only left behind him the heritage of a good name, of substantial public services and unquestioned integrity, but has contributed to the future growth of Portland three sons, Henry, Edward and James F., men of high character and more than ordinary busi- ness ability.

JAMES F. FAILING, for many years a merchant of Portland, and now president of the wholesale hardware firm of Corbetl, Failing & Robertson, bears a nanje forever enshrined among the pioneers of Oregon, and associated with the most substantial development of Port- land. He was born in New York City, March 24, 1842, and of the six children born to Josiah and Henrietta ( Ellison ) Failing who reached maturity, he is the youngest. His par- ents were natives respectively of Montgomery county, N. Y., and Charleston, S. C. Josiah Failing died in Portland, August 14, 1877, and was survived by his wife until January 20, 1885. Of the children in the family Mary F. is now Mrs. M(!rrill of Portland ; Elizabeth became the. wife of John Conner of Albany, ( )re., but is now deceased ; Henry is mentioned at length in an- other part of this work ; John W. studied medi- cine after retiring from business in 1865, and thereafter practiced near Knoxville, Tenn., up to the time of his death, in January, 1895 ; Edward is also written of in this work ; and James F. completes the number.

When eleven years old James ¥. Failing came with his brother and mother around the Horn in the ship Hurricane, the journey to San Fran- cisco taking four months. Thev came at once

to Portland, the trip being made by steamer. The youth was educated at the Portland Acad- emy and Female Seminary, which was the lead- ing school of the state, and in i860, after com- pleting his studies, began clerking for his brother Henry. January i, 1871, was organized the firm of Corbett, Failing & Co., Henry Failing and Mr. Corbett being the two principal partners, the other members of the firm being Marshall B. Millard, Edward Failing, James F. Failing as the Portland partners, and John A. Hatt as the eastern partner. With some changes the firm continued in business in Portland until Januar_\' I, 1895, at which time the corporation of Corbett, Failing & Robertson was formed, consisting largely of the two firms of Corbett, Failing & Co., and Foster & Robertson. The firm carry one of the largest hardware stocks in the northwest, and the business is still located on the east side of Front street, between Oak and Stark streets. Although still president of the company James F. Failing retired from business about two years ago, and is now enjoying a rest from a very active career.

In Albany, Ore., in 1880, Mr. Failing was united in marriage with Jane J. Conner, Mrs. Failing being a native of Albany, and daughter of John and Martha ( Whittlesey ) Conner. Mr. Conner was a pioneer merchant and banker of Albany, who died in Portland February 12, 1902. Mrs. Failing is a graduate of the Albany Colle- giate Institute, and is the mother of five children : Edward J., a graduate of Yale University, class of 1903; Kate Whittlesey, attending school at Waterbury, Conn. ; John Conner : Frederick El- lison ; and Henrietta Chase. Mr. Failing is a member of the First Baptist Church of Port- land. He is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the Oregon Historical Society, and the Oregon Pioneers.

EDWARD FAILING. In writing' the his- tory of a city or county one must devote con- siderable space to the men who have built up and developed the commercial industry. The pres- ent generation of Oregon owes much to those men, who, by their business ability and perse- verance, have made this one of the greatest states in the Union. Although not a native of ( 'regon, practically the entire life of Mr. Fail- ing was spent in the city of Portland. It was here he received his educational training and it was here that he first entered the mercantile field. His efforts were well rewarded, and when he died he was able to leave his family a com- fortable competence.

A native of New York City, Mr. Failing was born December 18, 1840, a son of Josiah and Henrietta (Ellison) Failing. (A complete

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

49

sketch of Josiah Failing will be found on an- other page of this work.) At the age of thir- teen our subject was brought to Portland by his parents. Soon afterward he entered the Port- land Academy and Female Seminary, where he received his educational training. It was nat- ural that he should take to the business in which his father was engaged, and when a young man he entered the store of H. W. Corbett, accepting an humble position. By close application and industry he steadily advanced from a clerkship, until, in 1868, he was admitted to the firm of H. W. Corbett & Compan\'. On the formation of the firm of Corbett, Failing & Company, he became one of the members, and when this firm was succeeded by Corbett, Failing & Robertson, he remained with the latter organization. While the greater part of his time was devoted to his store duties, he nevertheless found time to take an active interest in other business affairs, and was for a time a director of the First National Bank of Portland. Two years prior to his death, which occurred January 29, 1900, he retired from active business and devoted his time to the settlement of his brother Henry's estate.

In Trinity Church, Portland, August 2, 1866, Mr. Failing was united in marriage with Mis^ Olivia B. Henderson, daughter of Robert Hen- derson, a native of Tennessee. Mr. Henderson crossed the plains to Oregon in 1846, and set- tled in Yamhill county, where he later pur- chased a farm upon which he lived for the re- mainder of his life. His well-directed life was interspersed with some outside activity, among which may be mentioned a season of mining in California in 1849. His thrift and industry were rewarded with a competence, and his home seven miles south of McMinnville, and five miles from his first settlement in Oregon, was one of the most desirable in that section of the county. His death occurred November I, 1890, in his eighty-second year. He was survived by his wife, who was formerly Miss Rhoda C. Hol- man, until 1901, when she, too, was called to her final reward. Mrs. Henderson was born in Kentucky. Besides Mrs. Failing there were the following children : Lucy A., the wife of Judge Deady, Portland ; Mary Elizabeth, Mrs. George Murch, Coburg; John J., Coburg ; Frances A., Mrs. John Catlin, Portland ; I. Harvev, Salem ; Alice M., Mrs. C. C. Strong, Portland :' and Wil- liam A., Salem. The three sons of Robert Hen- ilerson spent a large portion of their lives on the old homestead in Yamhill count}-. Mrs. Failing was born in the northern part of Cali- fornia. She was educated principally in Port- land and during her married life was her hus- band's greatest comfort and consolation. Since his death she has lived at the family home in Portland. The order of birth of her nine chil-

dren is as follows : Henrietta Henderson ; Lucy Deady ; Elsie C, the wife of E. H. Shepard ; Emma Corbett ; Katherine Fredericka ; Rhoda Duval ; Ernestine ; Henry Robertson ; and Olivia H. Mrs. Failing is an active member of the Trinity Episcopal Church.

The death of Mr. Failing was a blow to the city of Portland that was felt by all. A man of splendid business ability, his most earnest ef- forts were directed towards maintaining the integrity of the enterprises with which he was connected, and in placing them on a par with the best of their kind in the world. Quiet in manner, he never had the desire for public life found in many. Not that he was not public spirited, for there was no man in Portland that took a more active interest in the welfare of the city than he. No movement calculated to be of benefit to the city of his adoption went by without his endorsement and he was at all times willing to give of his time and means. Although he did not unite with any church, he was an ardent Baptist and strong supporter of that de- nomination. Of his goodness and thoughtfulness in the midst of his dearly beloved family, the various members alone are capable of testifying. It can truly be said, the world is better for hav- ing known him. In his life there was much that was worthy of emulation. He was a noble man and his record is one of which Portland is proud.

HON, JULIUS C. MORELAND. During the stirring days in England when Oliver Crom- well held the reins of power one of his stanch supporters was a member of the Moreland fam- ily, but after the death of the Protector it seemed advisable for this ancestor to seek an- other home : hence about 1660 he crossed the ocean to Virginia, settling on the James river. From him descended a long line of planters, who were strict adherents of the Quaker faith. John Moreland, a Virginian by birth, settled in North Carolina in young manhood, but in 1807 moved to Kentucky and five years later settled in Ten- nessee, where he died about 1853. Though reared in the Quaker religion, he became con- nected with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his son. Rev. Jesse Moreland, who was born near Asheville, N. C, January i, 1802, for more than seventy years held a license as a local preacher in that denomination. All of this min- isterial work was done gratuitously, for love of humanity and a desire to uplift men and women through the benign influence of Christianity. Meantime, in order to earn a livelihood, he con- ducted farm pursuits. Discerning the evil in- fluence of slavery, he determined to seek a home far removed from its shadow, and therefore settled in Carlinville, Macoupin county, 111., in

50

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1848. Four years later, accompanied by his wife and seven children, he crossed the plains with ox-teams, crossing the iMissouri at St. Joseph, thence proceeding up the Platte, and finally ar- riving in Oregon October 6, after a journey of six months. The home of the family for some time was on a farm in Clackamas county. After the death of his wife in 1859 he took up mer- chandising, which he followed for twelve years. In 1882 he settled in Salem, thence went to Port- land, where he died March 3, 1890, at the age of eighty-eight years, three months and two days. While living in Carlinville he was made a Mason in Mount Nebo Lodge, of which Gen. John M. Palmer was then master.

The wife of Rev. Jesse Moreland was Susan Robertson, a native of Cumberland county, Tenn., and a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Nelson; Robertson. The founder of the fami- ly in America was Gen. William Robertson, an officer under Cromwell and a member of the jury in the trial of Charles I, and as such a partici- pant in the order demanding the death of Charles II. On the death of Cromwell he sought safety by flight, and in 1658 settled in Virginia. Major Charles Robertson, who was born in the Old Do- minion, about 1750 went to North Carolina. In 1768 he and a brother James crossed over the then wilderness to what is now Watauga Springs, Tenn., where tney settled in the midst of the wildest surroundings imaginable, being, in fact, the first white settlers in the entire state. Soon they were joined by John Sevier. Both James and Charles were soldiers of the Revolution. The name of James Robertson is preserved in history as that of one of the four most cele- brated men of Tennessee. Though less promi- nent, Charles was no less active and worthy. In the war with England he fought at Eutaw Springs, Cowpens, Musgrove Mills, and other engagements, holding the rank of major. His son, George, though only fifteen years of age, insisted upon entering the colonial army but was refused permission. With a spirit worthy of his ances- tors he determined to go even without permis- sion, and the following morning Major Robert- son was surprised to find that his best horse and rifle as well as the boy were missing. A desire to fight the British was strong among those Ten- nessee pioneers, and it finally became necessary to draft men into the home guard, in order that there might be men enough left to protect the women and children against the Indians.

During the war of 1812 five of the Robertsons fought under Jackson in New Orleans and later Julius C. N. Robertson was a brigadier-general in the Creek war under the same general. Major Charles Robertson died in 1707, but his brother James survived until 1820. George, the fifteen- vear-old soldier, became a farmer and died

about 1830. In the family of Rev. Jesse More- land there were nine children. Wesley, who was captain of Company C, Seventh Iowa Infantry, was in the Civil war witn Wallace at Shiloh, with Grant at Donelson and Henry, and with Lyon at Booneville and Wilson Creek ; he passed away June 23, 1862, and rests at Corinth. The other members of the family were as fol- lows : Mrs. Sarah J. Owen, of Alount Tabor, Portland ; Martha, who died in Illinois at twenty \ears of age ; Mrs. Mary Robinson, of Port- land ; William, of Clackamas county, Ore. ; Samuel A., who was attorney, police judge and a writer on the staff of the Orcgonian, and who died in Portland in 1886; Eliza and Josephine, who died in Oregon respectively in 1857 ^"^^ i860; and Julius C, who was born in Smith county, Tenn., June' 10, 1844, and is now an attorney of Portland.

When eight years of age Julius C. ^Moreland accompanied his parents to Oregon, where he aided in clearing a farm, having the privilege of attending school three months during the year. In April of i860 he came to Portland and se- cured employment in the composing room of the Oregon Fanner, where he remained for three and one-half years. Afterwards he attended the old Portland Academy, from which he was graduated in 1865. For six weeks during 1864 he had charge of the state printing office at Salem. After graduating he began the study of the law. working at intervals at his trade in order to pay expenses. In 1867 he was admitted to the bar, after which he practiced in Boise City. Idaho, and also followed his trade on the Idaho Statesnwn for a year. On his return to Portland he acted as foreman for the Daily Oregonian for a short time. In December, 1868, he formed a partnership with John F. Caples under the firm name of Caples & Moreland, the two continuing together for six years. In 1SS5 and 1886 Governor Moody appointed Mr. More- land county judge of Multnomah county, and in 1890 he was elected to the office, which he filled efficiently for a term of four years. Since then he has devoted his attention to professional practice. A man of conspicuous legal talent, he ranks among the leading attorneys of the state, while his genial personality wins many friends outside the ranks of strictly professional circles. In politics a Republican, he was at one time secretary of the state central committee, frnni 1872 to 1875 was a member of the city council, and from 1877 to 1882 held office as city attorney.

in Boise City, July 3. 1867. Judge Moreland married Abbie B. Kline, who was born in Fort Scott. Kans., and in 1853 accompanied her par- ents to Corvallis, Ore. They have five chil- dren, viz. : Harvey L., who is in the insurance

HON. M. C. GEORGE.

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

53

business ; Susie A., wife of M. W. Gill, of Port- laild ; Eldon W., who is in the employ of the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company ; Julius Irving and Lueen. The position of presi- dent which Judge Moreland holds in the Oregon Pioneers' Association has brought him into close contact with many of the leading pioneers of the state, by all of whom he is held in high regard. He is connected with the Portland Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution, is a memljer of the Commercial Club, the State Bar Association and the Portland Board of Trade. Though not identified with any denomination, he is a contrib- utor to religious movements, especially to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which his wife is a member. His initiation into Masonry occurred October 22. 1866, in Harmony Lodge No. 12. In 1872 he became a charter member of Portland Lodge No. 55, A. F. & A. M., of which he served as master in 1878-79. In 1872 he became affiliated with Portland Chapter No. 3, R. A. M., of which he officiated as high priest in 1884-85. In 1879 he became associated with the Knights Templar through his initiation into Oregon Commandery No. i. In 1893-94 he was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Oregon, and previous to this he had served as grand orator of the Grand Lodge, grand senior dea- con and deputy grand master. Since 1888 he has been identified with Al Kader Temple, N. M. S., of Portland. No follower of Masonry has been a more devoted disciple of its high prin- ciples than has he, and in his life, whether occu- pying public office or discharging the duties of a private citizen, it has been his ambition to ex- emplify the teachings of the order.

HON. MELVIN C. GEORGE. From the colonial period of American historv the George family has borne its part in epoch-making events. While each generation contributed to the devel- opment of the country's material resources, they also gave men of valor to assist in our nation's wars. Jesse George, grandfather of M. C, was a soldier in the Revolutionary struggle, serving in Captain Radican's company of volunteers from \'irginia, and later in Capt. William George's company in a regiment commanded by Col. Thomas Merriweather. His enlistment dated from September i, 1778, and he continued at the front until peace was established. Afterward, with Virginia troops, he was sent on a journey of exploration to the northwest, and during the trip he was so pleased with the prospects that he decided to migrate further west. Accordingly he at once took his family to Ohio, where he was one of the very earliest settlers. In recognition of his services in the army he was granted a pension by Lewis Cass, secretary of war, his

hardships, sacrifices and perils of several vears being recognized by the munificent pension of $13.50 per annum, a little more than a dollar a month. There is now in the possession of M. C. George a copy of an application made by this Revolutionary ancestor in which he asked for an increase in the pension.

In the family of Jesse George was a son, Pres- ley George, who was born in Loudoun county, Va., and grew to manhood in Ohio. There he married Mahala Nickerson, who was born at Cape Cod, Mass., and grew to womanhood in Ohio. Her father. Col. Hugh Nickerson, who was born in Massachusetts in 1782, commanded a regiment of Massachusetts volunteers in the war of 181 2, and later settled in Ohio. His wife, Rebecca Blanchard, was also of eastern birth. Tracing his ancestry we find that his father, Hugh Nickerson, Sr., was a soldier in the Revo- lutionary war in Capt. Benjamin Godfrey's com- pany, under Colonel Winslow. This Revolution- ary soldier was a son of Thomas and Dorcas (Sparrow) Nickerson, and a grandson of Thomas Nickerson, Sr., whose father, William, was a son of William Nickerson, Sr., a passenger on the ship John and Dorothy, which crossed the ocean from Norwich, England, and landed in Boston June 20, 1637. On the Sparrow side the ances- try is traced back to Elder William Brewster, one of the chief founders of Plymouth colony, and a ruling elder of the church at Leyden, and at New Plymouth, also keeper of the postoffics at Scrooby, at that day an office of considerable importance. Another ancestor of the Sparrow family was Governor Thomas Prince, who in 1 62 1 crossed to Plymouth from England in the ship Fortune, and afterward held office as gov- ernor of Massachusetts.

The family of Presley George consisted of eight children, but five of these died of diphtheria or scarlet fever in Ohio. The father and mother, with the three surviving children, left their eastern home and proceeded by boat from Mari- etta to St. Joe, Mo. There they outfitted with ox-teams and crossed the plains, arriving in Linn county. Ore., at the expiration of six months. Previous to this they camped for several weeks in what is now East Portland, where there were only two houses at that time. Entering a donation claim near Lebanon, the father took up the work of a farmer in the new locality. Coming from a timber country, he preferred a location where there was a forest growth and accord- ingly settled in the midst of a heavy timber. However, an experience of eight years proved unsatisfactory, and he moved to another farm three miles from Lebanon, where he remained until his retirement from agricultural pursuits. At the time of his death, which occurred at the home of his son, M. C, in Portland, he was

54

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

eighty-three years of age. It is worthy of note that he was the youngest of fifteen children, all of whom lived to be more than seventy years of age, and the men of the family were without exception large, stalwart and sturdy, weighing two hundred pounds or more. His wife also attained the age of eighty-three and died at the home of her son in Portland. In religion they were members of the Old School Baptist Church. On the disintegration of the \Vhig party, he iden- tified himself with the Republicans. Of his three sons, Hugh N., who was a teacher, journalist and attorney at Albany, and a presidential elector in 1864, died in his home city in 1882. The second son, J. W., who was United States marshal of Washington in 1884, died in 1892 in his home citv, Seattle. The only surviving member of the family is Hon. M. C. George, of Portland, who was born near Caldwell, Noble county, Ohio, May 13, 1849. To the advantages of an academic education he added a course of study in Willam- ette University, after which he had charge of the academv at Jefferson and also for a year acted as principal of the Albany public school.

In order to fit himself for the profession of law, toward which his tastes directed him, Mr, George took up a course of study in 1873 under Judge Powell of Albany, later reading with Colonel Effinger of Portland. On his admission to the bar he began to practice in P'ortland. At once he entered upon public life as a leader in the Republican party. From 1876 to 1880 he represented his district in the state senate. During the latter year he was nominated for congress- man-at-large against Governor Whitaker, the in- cumbent, and was elected by a majority of almost thirteen hundred. In March of 1881 he took his seat in congress. The following year he was re-elected, serving in the forty-seventh and forty- eighth sessions of congress. While in that body he was a member of the committees on commerce and revision of laws. Much of his legislation was in connection with the opening of Indian reserva- tions and concerning the establishment of a ter- ritorial government in Alaska. Large appropri- ations were secured for Oregon, including the payment of the Modoc Indian bill of $130,000. On the expiration of his term in 1884 he declined to be a candidate for re-election, and resumed the practice of law. However, his fellow-citizens recognized that his qualities admirably adapted him for public service and frequently solicited him to accept offices of trust. In 1897 Governor Lord appointed him judge, and in June of the following year he was elected to the office to fill an unexpired term of two years. At the expiration of that time he was elected for a full term of six years, and has since filled the office, discharging its many and responsible duties in a

manner calculated to place him in a rank with the most able jurists of the state.

The marriage of Judge George occurred at Lebanon in 1872 and united him with Miss Mary Eckler, who was born in Danville, 111. Her parents removed from Kentucky to Illinois, where her mother died. Later the family start- ed across the plains. During the journey the father died and was buried on the present site of Council Bluffs. From there the sons brought the balance of the family to Oregon, arriving here in 1853. Three daughters, Florence, Edna and Jessie, comprise the family of Judge and Mrs. George. The oldest daughter is a graduate of Fabiola Hospital training school in San Fran- cisco.

Fraternally Judge George has numerous con- nections. In the Odd Fellows" Order he has been past grand and a member of the encamp- ment. He was made a Mason in Lebanon Lodge and now belongs to \\'ashington Lodge at Port- land, of which he was past master for three years. His initiation into the Royal Arch chap- ter took place at Corvallis, and he is now iden- tified with Washington Chapter in Portland, be- sides which he belongs to Portland Comman- dery, K. T., and Portland Consistory, thirty- second degree. For five years Judge George was a director of the city schools of Portland and during two years of that time he was hon- ored with the presidency of the board. As a member and (for a time) chairman of the board of bridge commissioners, he was directly in- strumental in the erection of the Burnside bridge in Portland. The State Bar Association num- bers him among its members, as do also the Oregon Pioneers' Society, State Historical So- ciety, Chapter of Sons of the American Revolu- tion and Sons and Daughters of Oregon Pio- neers, of which last-named he has officiated as president from the date of its organization.

JACOB MAYER. The lights and shadows, failures and successes which are the inevitable heritage of the strong and reliant and resource- ful have not been omitted from the life of Jacob Mayer, whose name in Portland stands for all that is commercially substantial, personally up- right and practically helpful. As long ago as 1857 Mr. Mayer came to Oregon, bringing with him a wide knowledge of men and affairs, and here he opened a retail dry goods store. In 1865, just at the close of the Civil war, he started, in Portland, the first exclusive wholesale dry goods business in the northwest. In the years that have intervened his strenuous vitality and profound appreciation of the opportunities by which he has been surrounded have penetrated with telling effect the industrial, social, humani-

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

55

tarian and political atmosphere of his adopted city, and rendered worth while an ambition which else had been characterized by spectacnlar money getting and keeping.

The most remote memory of Mr. Mayer goes back to the town of Bechtlieim, near Worms and Mentz, in the province of Rhein-Hessen. Ger- many, where he was born May 7, 1826. He is the youngest of the children in the family of Aaron Mayer, a merchant of the Fatherland who immigrated to America in 1847, lived for a lime in New Orleans, but eventually removed til St. Louis, Mo., where the remainder of his life was passed. His son Jacob had preceded him to America in 1842, and the youth secured a position with his brother as clerk, in 1849 starting an independent dry goods business of his own in New Orleans. This proved to be a very satisfactory departure, but the business was disposed of the following year, owing to the gold excitement in California, and prepara- tions were made for a similar business on the western coast. During 1850 Mr. Mayer started for the Isthmus, carrying with him a cargo of merchandise, and accompanied by his wife and children. .Arriving at Panama he boarded the Sarah and Eliza, upon which slow-going craft the passengers experienced such misery, dep- rivation and adventure as falls to the lot of but few whose pioneer longings lay toward the west- ern sea. One hundred days out from Panama the supply of water and provisions was practi- cally exhausted, and but a half pint of water a day was the meager allowance available for slak- ing thirst. Sharks and pelicans served as food for the wayfarers upon the trackless waste of waters, and served to render less hideous the haunting fear of starvation which intercepted their fast diminishing dreams. When hope be- came an elusive phantom there loomed upon the horizon a Boston ship with a less depleted larder, and to strained eyes and failing faculties it seemed like a mirage above the desert sands. For a barrel of sea biscuit Mr. Mayer gave the extent of his money possessions, which amounted to $800, and thus terminated indescribable suf- fering of mind and body, the memory of which had haunted the consciousness of the vovageurs as naught save such experiences can. One hun- dred and twenty days after leaving Panama the Sarah and Eliza wandered into the port of San Francisco, discharged its commercial and human cargo, having added a sorry chapter to its life upon the deep.

In March, 1850. Mr. Mayer started the second dry goods store in the citv of San Francisco, the first, that of Sac & Kennev, having been started by a Frenchman. Mr. Mayer conducted his business until 1857, ^"^^ that year he came to Oregon, where he engaged in the retail dry

goods business until starting a wholesale dry goods business in 1865. For ten years, or until 1875, hs continued alone, but in that year he formed a partnership with L. Fleischner, A. Schlussel and Sol Hirsch, under the title of Fleischner, Mayer & Co., which has stood to the present day, although Mr. Mayer is the only member of the old firm now living, and he has turned the business over to his son Mark. Having come to the front in all matters pertaining to the development of the city of his adoption, Mr. Mayer has lent his fine business and executive ability, tempered with extreme benevolence, to the inaugurating and promoting of the best known enterprises here represented. For the past ten years he has been president of the Masonic Building Association ; is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and Board of Trade, and is one of the pioneers and charter members of the Oregon Historical Society. All charitable organizations, irrespective of denominational in- fluence, have profited by his substantial and prac- tical support, and it is to his credit that he was the founder of the first Hebrew Benevolent So- ciety of San Francisco, and he was also the founder of a similar organization in this city. As a member of the Young Men's Christian As- sociation he has exerted an influence for high living and large accomplishment, and his efforts have been as praiseworthy in connection with the organization of the first B'nai B'rith Society on the coast, which was none other than that of District No. 4 of California, and today he is the only charter member living. In 1855 he obtained the charter for Ophir No. 21, and from this and District No. 4 were formed various branches in the state. He organized Oregon Lodge No. 65, of which he was first president and is still a member. Mr. Mayer was also the organizer and one of the charter members of the Congregation Beth Israel, in which he has been prominent from the beginning, and has held the various offices of the organization.

Fraternally Mr. Mayer has been connected with the Masons since 1852, when he became a member of Perfect Union Lodge No. 17 of San Francisco, and was afterward a member and for two years master of Lebanon Lodge No. 49, also of San Francisco. In Portland he is identified with Willamette Lodge No. 2 ; is a member of Portland Chapter No. 3, R. A. M. ; Washington Council No. 3, R. & S. AI. ; Oregon Lodge of Perfection No. i ; Ainsworth Chapter Rose Croix No. i ; Multnomah Council of Ka- dosh No. I : Oregon Consistory No. i ; Supreme Council of Jurisdiction, thirty-third degree, and Al Kader Temple, N. M. S. For many years he was grand treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Oregon, and during 1888 and 1889 was grand master of the Grand Lodge of Oregon. He

56

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

is, and has been for man)- years, grand repre- sentative of the Grand Lodge of England and Spain, near the Grand Lodge of Oregon, to which position he was appointed in 1895 by Prince Edward of Wales, now King of England. Another office held by Mr. Mayer is that of treasurer and chairman of the education fund of the Grand Lodge of Oregon.

In New Orleans Mr. Mayer was united in marriage to Mary Auerbach, who was born in Germany, and who is the mother of six children, the order of their birth as follows : Josephine, now Mrs. Solomon Hirsch of Portland, and whose husband was minister to Turkey ; Clem- entine, now Mrs. Oscar Meyer of New York City ; Bertha, the wife of H. Zadig of San Fran- cisco; Rosa, now Mrs. M. Blum of San Fran- cisco; Mark A., representative of his father's dry goods business in New York City ; and Ben- jamin, who died in San Francisco at the age of twenty-three years. Mr. Mayer is a broad and liberal politician, and his exertions in behalf of his party have been characterized by the same good sense and appreciation of the needs of the community which have been discernible in his business and social undertakings. Among the political services rendered by him may be men- tioned that of United States commissioner for the New Orleans World's Fair, to which re- sponsibility he was appointed by President Ar- thur.

E. E. SHARON. To the members of the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows Mr. Sharon is known as one of the leading workers in the organization in Portland, and, indeed, in Oregon itself. His connection with the fraternity began at Pendleton, this state, where he was initiated in Eureka Lodge No. 32, February 17, 1883. For some time he was its secretary, also held rank as past grand, and still retains memlDership in the same lodge. Formerly connected with Umatilla Encampment No. 17, he was past chief patriarch and scribe, and is now scribe of El- lison Encampment No. i, of Portland. When the Grand Lodge was in session at Pendleton in 1894 he was honored by election as grand secretary of the order, and removed to Portland, where he has since made his home. At each succeeding meeting he has been re-elected grand secretary of the Grand Lodge.' At the same time and place (Pendleton, in 1894) he was elected grand scribe of the Grand Encampment of Oregon, and each year since then he has been regularly chosen to succeed himself in this office. LTnder his over- sight there are one hundred and forty-nine lodges, forty-five encampments and more than one hundred Rebekah lodges.

The Sharon family is of English extraction.

John Sharon, a pioneer farmer of Mount Pleas- ant, Jefferson county, Ohio, had a son, James H., who was born at the old homestead there, and married Amanda L. Van Dorn, a native of Ohio, of German and Welsh descent. They be- gan housekeeping at his old home and there a son, E. E., was born January 22, i860, he being the oldest of six children, five now living. Of the others J. L. lives in Pendleton, Ore., Mary is in San Francisco, and Jessie and Lura reside in Wheeling, W. Va. In 1861 the father took his family to Monona county, Iowa, and a year later crossed the plains by horse-train, arriving at the Rocky Bar Mines in Idaho at the close of a tedious trip of six months. In 1865 he came to Oregon and settled in Umatilla county, where he engaged in farming, surveying and teaching. In 1875 he was appointed clerk of LTmatilla county and elected for a full term of two years in 1876. This election was a personal tribute to his popularity, for the county usually gave a large Democratic majority. His death occurred in 1889 in Pendleton, where his widow still re- sides.

On completing the studies of the Pendleton high school, E. E. Sharon began to assist his father in the office of county clerk, and later was with the next incumbent of the office. On re- signing he became editor of the Pendleton Tribune, a leading Republican paper of the county. In 1881 he sold his interest in the paper and went to San Francisco, where he was gradu- ated from Heald's Business College in 1882. I"or three months afterward he was engaged as a bookkeeper in Oakland, thence proceeded to Boise City, but soon returned to Pendleton, where he was bookkeeper for Alexander & Frazier a period of three years. Later he acted as deputy sheriff, and finally resumed the editor- ship of the newspaper with which he had pre- viously been connected. A later venture was in the insurance business and as express agent. From Pendleton he came to Portland in 1894 and has since made this city his home.

At Pendleton, December 12, 1886, Mr. Sharon married Miss Frankie B. Purcell, who was born in Muscatine, Iowa. Her father, Thomas Pur- cell, a native of Indiana, born May 25, 1829, set- tled in Muscatine, Iowa, where he followed con- tracting. During the Civil war he was captain of Company C, Sixteenth Iowa Infantry, and while leading his men in action received a severe wound, afterward falling into the hands of the cneni}-, by whom he was confined in Libby and Andersonville, and finally exchanged. After the war he continued in Iowa until 1879, when, with his wife and child, he crossed the plains and settled in Weston, Ore., and there engaged in contracting and also sold furniture. Fraternally he was a Master Mason and a Grand Army ad-

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

59

herent. His death occurred in Weston May ii, 1899. His first wife, Hester Ann Myers, was born in Louisville, Ky., and died in Iowa, leav- ing three children, namely : William, a farmer of Pendleton ; Josephine, in Iowa ; and Frankie I]., Mrs. Sharon. After the death of his first wife he married Sadie O. Arlie, of Iowa. Mrs. Sharon is a member of the Rebekahs, in which she formerly' served as noble grand, and is also a member of the Knights and Ladies of Security. On the organization of the Muscovites Mr. Sharon became a charter member and was elected the first recorder, which position he still holds. In Pendleton Lodge No. 52, A. F. & A. M., he was made a Mason, and is now past master of Hawthorn Lodge No. in, of Portland; and also a member of Washington Chapter No. 18, R. A. M.. of Portland, in which he is past high priest and secretary ; and a member of Washington Council No. 3, R. & S. M. He became a member of the Knights of Pythias at Pendleton in 1880, and is now past chancellor of Ivanhoe Lodge No. ID, also past grand chancellor of the Grand Lodge of Oregon, 1892-93, and for four years supreme representative from Oregon. Besides belonging to the Order of Rebekahs he is con- nected with Webfoot Camp, Woodmen of the World. Always a stanch Republican, his inter- est in the success of his party led him to once accept the position as chairman of the Umatilla county central committee and at another time he served as its secretary. Both he and his wife are identified with the Episcopal Church, in which faith they are rearing their three children, Bessie, Leila and Allen.

HON. HENRY SPOOR ROWE. Descend- ed from an old colonial family of New England, Henry S. Rowe was born in Bolivar, Allegany county, N. Y., October 11, 1851, his parents being John S. and Hulda ( Peck ) Rowe. also natives of New York. His father, who was master of seven different trades and a man of great mechanical genius, devoted much of his life to the building of grist and saw mills, first in New York and later in the south and in Wis- consin. In mechanical work with wood and iron he had few superiors. His ability in invention made it possible for him to construct anything from a violin to a large mill, and in his labors as master mason he won praise from people most competent to judge.

The wife of John S. Rowe was a daughter of Joel Peck, a New Yorker who became one of the pioneer farmers of Palmyra, Wis., where he died. One of her brothers, George R. Peck, is a prominent attorney of Chicago, and another, Charles B. Peck, is a leading citizen of Houston, Tex. In her family there were four sons and two daughters, of whom two sons and one daugh-

ter are now living. One of the sons, Herbert M., at the age of fourteen years enlisted in the First Wisconsin Cavalry and later was trans- ferred to the Thirteenth Light Artillery, serv- ing in Missouri until his capture by the Con- federates and subsequent confinement in Libby prison. On being exchanged he returned to the artillery service, but his splendid war record was abruptly terminated by his death, which occurred June 8, 1863, in Baton Rouge. Another son, John S., who was connected with the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company, died in Port- land. Oscar D. is a large tobacco dealer and at this writing county recorder of Rock county. Wis., where he has made his home many years.

The public schools of Palmyra afforded Henry S. Rowe fair advantages. While a mere boy he learned telegraphy in Janesville and at the age of thirteen was given work in that citv with what is now the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. Going to Lawrence, Kans., in 1870, he was engaged as clerk in the freight house of what is now the Santa Fe (then the Leaven- worth, Lawrence & Galveston) road. After a year he was made terminal agent, his duties in- cluding the opening of all the offices in the fron- tier districts and the starting of the little ham- lets that sprung up along the line of the road. From that position he was promoted to be gen- eral agent for the Fort Scott & Gulf, and the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston roads at Kansas City, remaining there until 1880. On the purchase by Henry Villard of the uncompleted road extending into Oregon, Mr. Rowe came to Portland in 1880 and was at once retained by the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company. For a time he acted as the company's agent for steamers. C^n the starting of the train service on the railroad in 1882 he was made general superintendent, which position he held until the road was leased in 1887 by the Union Pacific, at which time he retired from railroading.

An enterprise which had already engaged a portion of Mr. Rowe's time was the Weed & Rowe Hardware Company, which had stores at Elmsburg and Yakima, Wash. On selling out the store in the latter town in 1889 he became president of the Yakima National Bank, the in- ception of which was due to his recognition of the needs of the village for such an institution. In 1892 he organized the Albina Savings Bank, becoming president of the concern, but the fol- lowing year he sold his interest in order to de- vote himself to real-estate enterprises. July i, 1902, he accepted a position as general agent for the Northwestern Pacific coast for the Chi- cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, the du- ties of which position he has undertaken with the same enthusiasm and discretion characteristic of him in every post of responsibility.

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PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

The Republican party, of which ^Nlr. Rowe is a supporter, has honored him at various times by election to positions of trust. He has at- tended state conventions as delegate and has served on the county central committee. His first election as mayor of Portland occurred in 1900, when he received a plurality of about one thousand over his two opponents. It is said of him that one of the most noteworthy features of his administration as executive was his econom- ical oversight of the city's expenses, and there have been many tributes paid to him for his success along this important line. At the ex- piration of his term he took up his duties as general agent for the St. Paul road. For sev- eral years he was president of the board of fire commissioners of Portland, and was a member of the water committee during the building up of the works, thus deserving a share of the credit for securing for Portland the best water in the entire country. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and the Commercial Club.

The marriage of Mr. Rowe, in Independence, Kans., united him with Agnes H. Hefly, who was born in Bellevue, Iowa, and by whom he had two sons, namely : Henry S., jr., clerk for the city auditor of Portland ; and Donald H. While in Independence, Kans., Mr. Rowe was made a Mason, and is now connected with Portland Lodge No. 55, A. F. & A. M. In the same Kansas town he was raised to the chapter, while his connection with the Knights Templar began in the commandery at Lawrence, Kans. .\t this writing he is connected with the chapter and com- mandery in Portland, also Oregon Consistory, thirty-second degree. Other fraternal organiza- tions which have his membership are the Benevo- lent Protective Order of Elks, Woodmen of the World and Modern Woodmen of America. While not identified with any denomination, he attends the Episcopal Church and is always in- terested in and a contributor to measures having for their object the uplifting of humanity, as he is also an enthusiastic advocate of movements for the material development and progress of Portland, his home citv.

HON. ALEXANDER SWEEK. The fam- ily of which State Senator Sweek is a distin- guished representative has been connected with American history since a very early period in the settlement of the country, the first of the name establishing themselves in Virginia. Later generations removed to West \'irginia, whence Martin Sweek. after his marriage to a lady of English family, removed to the then far west, settling in the primeval forests of Missouri. His son, John, was born at St. Genevieve, that state, and from there started across the plains for Cali-

fornia at the time of the discovery of gold, but the illness of the father and mother caused him to return to the old home, and not long after- ward he married there. In 1852 he again started for the Pacific coast, and this time brought the trip to a successful consummation, arriving in Oregon 0:1 the ist of September. At once he took up a donation claim at Tualatin, where he improved three hundred and twenty acres. On this homestead he conducted general farm pur- suits until his death, in February of 1889, at which time he was sixty-eight years of age. Alany important movements of his locality owed their inception to his energy. Especially was his interest in educational matters keen and per- manent. A portion of his farm was laid out for a town site, the sale of lots bringing him a neat return for his outlay of labor in years gone by. His wife, formerly Maria Beard, was born in St. Genevieve, Mo., and is now living on the old homestead at Tualatin. Her father was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal de- nomination and a pioneer preacher in Missouri. The family of John and Maria Sweek con- sisted of the following-named children : C. A., an attorney at Burns, Ore. : Alice, wife of M. W. Smith, of Portland; Lawrence, a stockman in Grant county: Alexander: Mrs. Lillie Harding, living on the old homestead : and Thaddeus, who is connected with the Oregon Railroad and Nav- igation Company, of Portland. Alexander Sweek was born in Tualatin, Washington county, Ore., August 6. 1861, and in boyhood attended district school, afterward taking a course in the Pacific L^niversity imtil the senior year, when illness obliged him to relinquish his studies. In 1883 he took up the study of law under Milton W. Smith, and five years later was admitted to the bar, after which he took up the practice of his profession. In 1896 he was elected munici- pal judge, which ofiice he filled for two years. The highest honor of his life thus far came to him in 1900, when he was nominated to repre- sent Multnomah, Washington and Columbia counties in the state senate. As the candidate of the Citizens' ticket he was elected over the Republican candidate by a majority of about eight hundred. During the session of 1901 he drew up the bill on assessment and taxation, which passed successfully and is now in active operation. Other measures received the benefit of his wise judgment and shrewd discernment. Among the Democratic members of the senate he is a leader, his recognized superior qualities fitting him for wielding a wide influence among his fellowmen. As a member of the state com- mittee and as chairman of the county central committee, he has done much to promote the welfare of his party. However, in matters re- lating to the general welfare, party lines are al-

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

61

\va}S sunk beneath his patriotic spirit, and, as a public-spirited citizen, he favors movements for the progress of his city and state aside from any bearing they may have upon strictly party affairs.

In the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks Mr. Sweek serves as past exalted ruler. His connection with Masonry began in the Forest Grove Lodge, and he is now a member of Har- mony Lodge No. 12, of Portland, of which he is past master. In addition he is identified with Portland Chapter, R. A. M., and the Oregon Consistory No. i , thirty-second degree, besides which he is an active member of the Knights of Pythias and past chancellor in the same.

HON. JOHN W. WHALLEY. Among the men of the west who, through their own efforts, have risen to positions of honor and prominence, is to be named the Hon. John W. Whalley, who laid down alike the responsibilities and successes of his life November lo, 1900, and passed to a Higher judgment. Beyond the advantages of fine parentage and a long line of ancestry which has transmitted those qualities and character- istics essential to greatness, Mr. Whalley relied solely on his own strength to perfect the talents which he felt to be his. and through which he rose to an eminent position as a lawyer of the state of Oregon, having held for manv vears the profound respect and esteem of his fellow laborers and of those who profited by his excep- tional ability. A brief resume of his life is here- with given, representative of the type of men who made the west, and an example of perse- verance and indefatigable energy, combined with an unflinching honesty and integrity which have left no measurement as to the moral influence in the community in which he made his home for so many years.

John William Whalley was born at Annapolis, Nova Scotia, April 28, 1833, a son of the Rev. Francis Whalley, a clergyman in the Church of England, who was, at that time, under an ap- pointment from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Lands. In 1835 the family returned to England, where the father be- came rector of Rivington Parish, in Cheshire, but was subsequently appointed chaplain of Lan- cashire Castle, followed by service as rector of parishes at Churchtown, Lancashire, New Hut- ton, Old Hutton, Kendal and Westmoreland. The ancestors of the paternal line for a long period were yeomen, owning and cultivating the estate of Coventree near Dent, in the West Rid- ing qf Yorkshire, to which they had become emi- grants from Norfolk, where they belonged to the same family as that of which Edmund Whalley, of the army of Cromwell, was a member. Many

of the family held honorable positions in church, army and the bar, the elder sons managing the estates while the younger followed professions. On the maternal side the ancestors were numbered among the first families of Wales, and for over two hundred years occupied, under lease for that term, Overton Hall, of Lord Kenyon's estate. The lease terminated during the lifetime of William Jones, the grandfather of J. W., of this review, who, with his family, removed to Canada, thence to New York City, where he died and was buried in St. Paul's churchyard on Broadway.

Of the three sons and one daughter born to his parents the only one living is Richard Whal- ley, a clergyman in the Church of England, now residing in that country. John W. Whalley was the third oldest of the children and was very industrious and apt in his studies, while pursuing his grammar studies at the age of nine being able to read Csesar, and following this up with Ovid at ten years. The reduced circum- stances of his parents precluded the possibility of a collegiate course and held out the necessity for a trade, and at the age of thirteen years he took service aboard the merchantman Speed, which sailed from Liverpool for New York Citv in 1847. Not caring for a seafaring life he left the ship upon his arrival in New York City and visited some of his mother's people in New Jer- sey, there meeting an uncle, Thomas Jones, who was the author of a treatise on bookkeeping and a teacher of that science. Mr. Whalley entered his office and remained there for about a vear, and March, 1848, he returned to England, with the understanding that a position was awaiting him there in the Bank of England. Failing to secure the expected place, through lack of wealthy or influential friends to work for him, and recognizing as self evident that his country afforded but little opportunity of advancement for an ambitious young man, he bound himself to an apprenticeship on the Antelope, which sailed in February, 1849, for California. His ar- rival in that state was in July, when the gold ex- citement was at its height, and with a number of others he sought the mines, eager and hopeful of making a fortune. During the winter of '49 he mined on the south fork of the American river, a little below Columbia, and in 1850 he moved to the Middle Yuba. He perseveringly endured the hardships and privations of a miner's life in Sacramento, Redwood and Yreka until 1858, and not having yet found his fortune he came to the conclusion that he preferred another kind of life. Desiring to study law, and not having the means, he engaged as a school teacher at Little Shasta, near Yreka. He continued in this employment until 1864, being one of the pioneer teachers of the Pacific coast. During 1861-62 he served

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PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

with great efficiency as superintendent of schools, and while so engaged became a frequent con- tributor to the local press, and to the Hesperian Magazine, published at San Francisco. With a mind full of beautiful imageries and an easy, graceful style, he became a poet of more than local renown, his poems being copied extensively throughout the United States and evoking favor- able comment from the press. During his earlier days of teaching he read law with Judge Rose- borough, of Yreka, and was admitted to practice before Judge Dangerfield in 1861, in Siskiyou county, Cal.

In 1864 Mr. Whalley withdrew from his peda- gogical work, and going to Grant county. Ore., he began the practice of his profession. He was married July 21, 1861, to Lavinia T. Kimzey, who was born in Missouri in 1842, and with her parents in 1847 crossed the plains to California, where she grew into a cultured and refined womanhood. They became parents of seven children, of whom one son and one daughter (lied in infancy. Of the remaining five Mary was born in California and became the wife of y. Frank Watson, president of the Merchants National Bank, of Portland, and they now have two children, namely : Frank Whalley and Clif- ton Howe. Susan was born in California and Iiecame the wife of Maj. James N. Allison, U. S. A., who is now stationed in the Philippine Isl- ands. They are the parents of the following children : Marion, Philip Whalley, l\Ialcolni G. and Stanton W. Lavinia was born in Portland and is now the wife of H. S. Huson, who is vice president and general manager of the Pacific Coast Construction Company. They make their home in Portland and have four children: John Whalley, Jane, Herbert R. and Richard S. Jane is the wife of W. T. Muir, a prominent at- torney of Portland, and their two children are Mary and William Whalley. Charlotte is un- married and resides with her mother at No. 393 West Park street. All are graduates of St. Helen's Hall, of Portland.

In Canyon City, Grant county, Mr. Whalley formed a partnership with L. O. Stern which was soon dissolved. While there he had a stu- dent in the person of M. W. Fechheimer, who had lived in Portland for a time and after he was admitted to practice he returned there and opened an office. His accounts of the advantages of the city led Mr. Whalley to make this place his home, coming in 1868, where he formed a part- nership with Mr. Fechheimer, under the title of Whalley & Fechheimer, and this well known firm flourished for a number of years, being one of the strongest of the northwest. They made the bankrupt law of 1867 a specialty and the greater part of the business of this department passed through their hands for several years.

Their surplus earnings were invested in real es- tate, which, with the rapid increase in value, made each a fortune. In 1883, desiring to make an extended trip to Europe, he dissolved his legal partnership and with his daughter Susan visited Scotland, England, France, Spain, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, remaining abroad eighteen months. Upon his return to Portland in 1884 he resumed the practice of law in connection with H. H. Northup and Paul R. Deady, under the firm name of Whalley, Northup & Deady, and the work quickly grew to lucrative size, gain- ing a prominence in railway litigation. In 1885 Judge E. C. Bronaugh was admitted as a mem- ber of the firm, which was then known as Whal- ley, Bronaugh, Northup & Deady. The latter shortly retired and his name was dropped from the firm. In March, 1889, Mr. Whalley retired from active practice, having acquired a large property which required his personal attention, but five years later he became a partner of Judges Strahn and Pipes and practiced again for two years. At that time Mr. Whalley withdrew from the firm and formed a partnership with his son- in-law, W. T. Muir, which lasted until the death of the former. For a number of years he had held a chair in the law department of the Uni- versity of Oregon as instructor in pleadings.

As a Republican in politics Mr. W'halley rep- resented Multnomah county in 1870 as a member of the state legislature, but retired altogether from political movements and enterprises at the close of his first term. He was a prominent man in the fraternity of the Odd Fellows, in 1870 repre- senting the Grand Lodge of Oregon in the Sov- ereign Grand Lodge at Baltimore. Always ac- tively interested in the welfare of the city, he was a member of the Columbia Fire Engine Company No. 3. Volunteer Department, and so continued until the paid department was installed.

Mr. Whalley long held a place in the front rank of the profession to which he gave so much of his life. He had a well ordered mind and in his forensic encounters always had his legal forces under control. He had a love of "fine point" which became a subject of trite remark among his legal brethren throughout the state. He be- came famed for his logical and strategic qualities, availing himself of every means to guard against legal surprises and to overlook no legal defense. The care which he bestowed upon the "critical niceities" of the law was due to his mental activity and habit of thoroughness in whatever he under- took, and not to any neglect of the broad prin- ciples which make the study and practice of law one of the most useful and elevating pursuits of mankind. He had a keen appreciation of the humorous, and this, with his imitative faculties, made him the most entertaining and enjoyable companion at the bar. He was an inilefatigable

f/^-^V^t/eXO. CX^w^^

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

65

sportsman and was a master of the science of casting a fly or making one ; every foot of that sportsman's paradise from "Mock's bottom'' to Charley Sahne's was to him famiHar ground. With a few chosen friends he controlled the shooting privileges of twelve hundred acres of lake marsh ground on Sauvie's Island, always taking a great interest in the preservation and protection of game birds in the state, urging the enactment by the legislature of beneficial game laws. The statutes of the state to-day contain many game laws of his own construction which are susceptible of no misinterpretation. He was the first president of the Multnomah Rod and Gun Club of Portland, an organization which under his personal influence and endeavor ac- complished much good along these lines, and be- came especially vigilant in the detection and pros- ecution of violators. He was chosen the first president of the Sportsman's Association of the Northwest, and re-elected a second term. He had a fondness for dogs and was always their protector and friend.

As a member of St. Stephen's Chapel he con- tributed generously to the maintenance of the church work, acting as vestryman for some years and as superintendent of the Sunday school for three years before his death. A tribute paid to his memory by a friend was : "A man of alert mind, of great legal and literary erudition ; of ready command of language, speaking and writ- ing with admirable force ; at all times accessible, steadfast in his friendships, and intellectual pow- ers that would have brought him to distinction in any situation.'.'

HON. GEORGE H. WILLIAMS. A record of the life of Judge Williams, former United States senator and attorney general of the L^nited States, is in some respects a history of the rise and progress of Oregon. It is now (1903) just half a century since he first cast his lot with the inhabitants of the then territory of Oregon ; and by reason of his identification with the develop- ment of its resources during the pioneer period of the territory and the constructive era of the state, and likewise through his intimate associa- tion with its most vital public interests during practically the entire history of its statehood, he has for many years been regarded as one of its foremost citizens, whose rich experience in the affairs of the nation, on the bench, and before the bar, entitle his opinions on questions of general public interest to the highest consideration.

Judge Williams was born in New Lebanon, Columbia county, N. Y., March 26, 1823, and re- ceived an academic education at Pompey, N. Y., whither his parents removed when he was a child. At the age of twentv-one he was admitted

to the bar of New York. Immediately thereafter he removed to Iowa, then a territory, and opened an office at Fort Madison. At the first election after the organization of the state government, in 1847, hs was elected judge of the first judicial district of that state, serving five years. The im- mediate cause of his identification with Oregon was his appointment, in 1853, as chief justice of this territory, an office to which he was reap- pointed in 1857 by President Buchanan. He be- came a member of the constitutional convention which drafted the first constitution for the state of Oregon, and acted as chairman of the judiciary committee of that body. In this capacity he vigorously opposed the introduction of slavery into this state, and before the instrument was pre- sented to the voters made an active canvass in behalf of the anti-slavery clause therein. In i860 he became one of the founders of the L^nion party, and subsequently canvassed the country for Lin- coln and aided with all the strength at his com- mand in awakening sympathy for the Union cause. His election as United States senator in 1864 took him to Washington at the most critical period in the country's history, and it is a matter of record that his services during that vital epoch were in line with the policy which, in its consum- mation, was productive of such splendid results. In the senate he was a member of the committees on finance and public lands, and also of the re- construction committee.

Among the measures which he was instrumental in bringing before the senate, and which became laws, are the following: The Military Recon- struction Act, under which the insurrectionary states were reorganized and their representation admitted to congress ; an act creating a new land district in Oregon, with a land office ait La Grande ; an amendment to the act granting lands to the state of Oregon for the construction of a military road from Eugene to the eastern bound- ary of the state, granting odd sections to supply any deficiency in the original grant; various acts establishing post roads ; a general law to secure the election of United States senators ; the "ten- ure of office act," vetoed by President Johnson, but passed over his veto; numerous appropria- tions for Oregon ; an amendment to the act of 1 86 1 relative to property lost in suppressing Indian hostilities in Oregon ; an amendment to the judiciary act of 1789; an amend- ment to the act granting lands to aid in the construction of a railroad from the Central Pacific in California to Portland, Ore. ; an act to pay two companies of Oregon Volunteers com- manded by Captains Walker and Olney ; an act to strengthen the public credit; an amendment to the act granting lands to aid in the construction of a railroad from the Central Pacific to Port- land, by which the grant was prevented from re-

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verting- to the government ; an act granting lands to aid" in the cmistrnction of a railroad and tele- graph line from Portland to Astoria and Mc- Minnville; a resolution to facilitate the building of a light-house at Yaquina Bay. and other light- houses on the Oregon coast : an act granting cer- tain lands to Blessington Rutledge, a citizen of Lane coimty: a resolution to increase the pay of assistant niarshals in taking the census of 1870; an act extending the benefits of the donation law of 1850 to certain persons ; and an act creating a new land district in Washington, with a land office at Walla Walla.

In 1871 Judge Williams was appointed one of the joint high commissioners to frame a treaty for the settlement of the Alabama claims and the northwestern boundary, and other questions in dispute between the United States and Great Britain. There is :io question but his ability, wisdom and tact secured a settlement of the boundary question favorable to the contention of the United States. It had been claimed that the onlv solution of the difficulty was to refer the matter to the Emperor of Germany ; but Judge Williams refused to agree to this proposition unless it were stipulated that the Emperor's de- cision should be strictly in accord with the treaty of 1846; that he should not decide dc noiv, but simply explicate the meaning of the convention which had already decided the question. The commission finally yielded to his views and thus rendered possible the decision that gave to the United States San Juan and other islands. It is not generally known throughout the L^iited States that the part Judge Williams bore in the solution of this question was such an important one, but all who are familiar with the case accord him the honor for his wise stand in the adjust- ment of the problem.

In 1872. upon the invitation of President Grant, Judge Williams became attorney general of the United States ; and in this important cab- inet post he proved himself a keen, resourceful and logical adviser, and demonstrated the pos- session of high qualities of statesmanship. His record in the cabinet was an honor to the state of Oregon as well as to himself. The people of the northwest exhibited the keenest pride in his capable service during an administration when it was necessary to solve numerous perplexing problems, and the generation which witnessed the events of those days are wont to refer to it with great satisfaction. Many important ques- tions were brought before him, to all of which he brought the same thoughtful attention so char- acteristic of him in earlier years and in his own private aiTairs. The sting left by the Civil war in the south had not yet begun to heal, and a great degree of tact was required daily of the attorney general, to whom were brought for solu-

tion intricate questions arising from the conflict. Subsequent events in the history of the republic have demonstrated the fact that the policy he pursued in these various matters was eminently fair and sagacious, and in numerous instances he was happy in being able, through his prudent counsels, to restore peace to distracted communi- ties. In 1874 Judge Williams' name was present- ed to the senate b}- the president as successor to Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase ; but so great an opposition to his confirmation developed in the east, among those who wished an eastern jurist to succeed to the office, that, in the interests of harmony, he withdrew his name, much to the re- gret of President Grant, who was one of his warm personal friends and admirers.

History has accorded to this distinguished citizen the honor of having been the first to out- line, through the medium of the IVashingtoii Star, the policy ultimately adopted by congress for the adjustment of the historic presidential contest of 1876. The essential features of the famous Electoral Commission Act under which Gen. Rutherford B. Hayes was made president were embodied in an article which he contributed to the Star, and the credit for the plan outlined and soon after adopted is conceded to belong to him.

Since his retirentent from public life Judge Williams has made his home in Portland, among whose citizens he holds an assured position of eminence and influence. For many years de- mands have been made upon him by his personal friends and his party for his services in political campaigns, and by the citizens of Portland, on their numerous social gatherings. Not only is he a strong speaker on public questions, clear, powerful and convincing in his arguments, but to a rare degree felicitous as a post-prandial orator. In brief, he is a giant in intellect, totally devoid of the arts of the politician, in the common ac- ceptance of the term. His utterance on the sub- ject of Christianity from the standpoint of the historian, freed from the romance which attaches to the life of the Saviour, commanded the atten- tion and interest of thoughtful persons through- out the country ; and a valued contribution to the best thought of the period on this subject is found in his lecture on "The Divinity of Christ."

Judge Williams is now spending the twilight of his life in the administration of the official af- fairs of the municipality of Portland, having been elected to the mayoralty in 1902. In the labor which he has thus assumed in his advanced year'^ be is bringing to bear the same conscientious ef- fort, the same honesty of purpose and highminded views of the duties of a public servant, which characterized his record while filling some of the most responsible and onerous offices in national affairs. He is giving to the city, through his ap-

PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

67

pointment of men of acknowledged integrity and public spirit, a corps of executive and advisory officials whose efforts in the direction of honest and unselfish labor in behalf of the public are be- ing generally appreciated, and all indications now point to an administration unequalled in the his- tory of the city for moral courage, political econ- omy and breadth of view — a sight too rare in the conduct of municipal affairs in these days when corruption and vice are rampant throughout the larger cities of the land generally.

HENRY EVERDING. During the many years of his residence in Portland Henry Ever- ding has advanced with the people of his adopted locality, and has entered with zest into the busi- ness and social life by which he was surrounded. Possessing the adaptiveness characteristic of his Teutonic nationality, he has also applied the thrift and conservatism so necessary to the suc- cessful development of pioneer or growing con- ditions. A citizen of this part of the west since 1864, he first started a grain, feed and produce business in partnership with Edwin Beebe, under the firm name of Everding & Beebe, his partner having been similarly employed since 1862. This modest beginning was located on the corner of Front and Taylor streets, and after various changes from one part of the city to the other settled down to where Mr. Everding has been conducting his affairs alone, ever since the death of Mr. Beebe, twenty years ago. It is the oldest commission house in Portland, and in the early days had a much more extensive and far reach- ing trade than at present, at that time shipping grain and produce to California and the adjacent states.

A native of Hanover, Germany, Mr. Everding was born April 14, 1833, and comes of a family distinguished in war and peace, and vitally con- nected with commercial, agricultural and indus- trial affairs. The father of Mr. Everding died at a comparatively early age, and thereafter the widow and children carried on the work of the farm which he left to their care. Of the eight children all came to the Pacific coast. John, who came in 1853, is now a resident of San Francisco ; Charles, Fred and Richard came over in 1854 ; the two first mentioned died in Califor- nia, while Richard is living in Portland ; Henry and his mother came in 1855. There were three daughters in the family, one of whom is deceased, while the others reside in California and Portland respectively. Henry was six weeks out from Bremen on a sailer, and after landing in New Orleans took a three weeks' trip up the Missis- sippi and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati, where he worked in a starch factory for six months. For a few months followint?' he clerked in different

stores, and while learning the language and familiarizing himself with the customs of the country, managed, by thrift and economy, to save a little money.

In April, 1855, Mr. Everding went to New York and embarked for Aspinwall, and from Panama sailed on the John L. Stevens for San Francisco, which craft contained fourteen hun- dred passengers. When thirty-six hours out the boat came upon the wreck of the ill-fated Golden Age, a large number of whose passengers were taken aboard the Stevens and returned to Panama. No interruption marred the progress of the second sailing, and the hopeful little band arrived in San Francisco in May, 1855. Here Mr. Everding was fortunate in finding work in the starch factory of his brother, John, who had started the first enterprise of the kind in the city. Later Mr. Everding and his brother Fred- erick stocked and ran a ranch in Contra Costa county, the management of which fell to Fred- erick, while Henry turned his attention to the starch factory. As before stated, he came to Portland in 1864, and inaugurated the large grain, feed and produce business with which his name has since been connected.

Since coming to Portland Mr. Everding has been united in marriage with Theresa Harding, a native of Prussia, Germany. Mr. Everding is essentially social, as are the most of his country- men, and is identified with Willamette Lodge No. 2, A. F. & A. M. ; Oregon Commandery No. i, of which he is a charter member, having been transferred from the Knights Templar Comman- dery No. I, of San Francisco. He is also con- nected with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows of Portland. Mr. Everding is one of the substantial and highly honored pioneers and cit- izens and has been among the most helpful and representative of the countrymen who have set- tled in this city.

COL. JAMES JACKSON, U. S. A. A mil- itary career of more than ordinary distinction is that of Col. James Jackson, a lieutenant-colonel of the United States Army, retired, and colonel and inspector-general of the state of Oregon, on the Governor's staff. His services during the civil and Indian wars entitle him to a conspicu- ous place in the military history of the United States.

Colonel Jackson was born in Sussex county, N. J.. November 21, 1833. His father. Timothy Jaclsson, was an ordained minister of the Bap- tist Church, and filled pulpits in different parts of New Jersey and Ohio. His mother, Mary A. Jackson, was the daughter of Rev. Morgan Ap John Rhees (Welsh Rhys) and Ann Loxley. Dr. Rhees was a Baptist minister and brought

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a colony of Welsh dissenters to America, estab- lishing them at Beiilah, Pa. This colony not proving a financial success, he removed to Phila- delphia, where he married Ann Loxley, a daugh- ter of Benjamin Loxley, who at the breaking oiit of the Revolution was keeper of the King's stores in Philadelphia, but resigned this office to join the colonial forces, in which he held com- missions from lieutenant to major, and was a volunteer aid, with rank of colonel, on Wash- mgton's staiT at Valley Forge. Colonel Jack- son's father died in 1843. and his mother soon after returned with her children to Philadelphia, where Colonel Jackson received his education in the public schools, graduating from the high school in 1850. He then studied architecture, located in Charles City, Iowa, in 1855, and was living there when the Civil war came on. He determined to volunteer for the suppression of the Rebellion, and after closing up his business joined the Twelfth L'nited States Infantry, was on recruiting duty for some months, and then went into the field in \'irginia, in August, 1862, as a sergeant of Company C, Twelfth LTjiited States Infantry. In April, 1863, he was pro- moted a second lieutenant in this regiment and participated in the battles of Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville. Get- tvsburg, Spottsylvania, the various battles in the Wilderness, and the siege of Petersburg, until November, 1864, when the regular brigade, be- ing badly depleted, was withdrawn from the field and sent north to recruit its strength.

In the reorganization of the army, after the war, he was assigned to the Thirtieth Infantry and accompanied the regiment to the plains in January, 1867, where he was engaged in guard- ing die construction of the transcontinental rail- road and scouting in the Indian country. He was promoted a captain in 1868, and January i, 1870, was transferred to the cavalry arm of the service as captain of Troop B, First Cavalry. As commander of this troop he took part in the Alodoc war, the Nez Perce war and the Bannock war. He was, at diiiferent times, stationed at Camp Warner and Fort Klamath in Oregon ; Fort Walla Walla, Fort Colville and Fort Coeur d'Alene in Washington : and Forts Keogh and Custer in iNIontana. In 1886 he was placed on recruiting service in New York City, and after the termination of this tour of duty was detailed as inspector-general of the Division of the At- lantic. In i88g he was promoted major of the Second Cavalry, joining the headquarters of this regiment at Fort Walla Walla and going with it to Fort Lowell, Ariz., in 1890. This post being abandoned, he took station at Fort Wingate, N. I\Iex., and while serving there was detailed for duty with the Oregon National Guard, reporting

to the governor of the state in June. 1892. and taking up his residence in Portland. At the solicitation of the state military officers he was continued on this duty until his retirement from active service November 7, 1897, a few months previous to which he was promoted a lieutenant colonel and assigned to the First Cavalry.

For special gallantry in action at the battles of Weldon Railroad and North Anna, during the Civil war. Colonel Jackson was brevetted a cap- tain and major, and for gallant services in the Modoc and Nez Perce wars he was brevetted a lieutenant colonel. For " most distinguished gal- lantry in action against hostile Indians " he was awarded a medal of honor by congress.

Soon after the beginning of the Spanish-Amer- ican war, in April, 1898, Colonel Jackson was appointed, by Governor Lord, inspector-general of the state of Oregon with the rank of colonel, and assisted in organizing the Second Oregon \'olunteer Infantry Regiment, which, shortly after its organization, reported for duty in San Fran- cisco, and was one of the first regiments sent to the Philippines. He has held the office of inspector- general ever since, having been reappointed by Governor Geer, and annually inspects each or- ganization of the National Guard in the state.

Colonel Jackson, by virtue of his descent from Colonel Benjamin Loxley, is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, and, through his services in the Civil war, a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States — has been commander of tiie Oregon Commandery of this order — and the Grand Arm}' of the Republic (Lincoln-Garfield Post), in which he has held the offices of department in- spector and of aide-de-camp on the stall' of Gen- erals Warner and Lawler, Commanders-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic. He is a member of the New York Club, the Army and Navy Club of New York City, and the Commer- cial Club of Portland, being at present vice-presi- dent of the latter club.

Colonel Jackson has two children by his mar- riage with Miss Ida Beach of Oakland, Cal. : a son, Rhees Jackson, and a daughter, Marion Beach Jackson. Rhees Jackson served in the Second Oregon \'olunteers in the Philippines as first-lieutenant and battalion adjutant, and was recommended by its commantler. Gen. t)wen Sunimers, on account of gallant and efficient ser- vice, for a commission in the regular army ; he was appointed by the President second-lieutenant in the 'Twelfth United States Infantry .\ugust i, 1899, and is now a first-lieutenant in that regi- ment. Colonel Jackson's daughter is living with her father at his home on Willamette Height.s in Portland. The present Mrs. Jackson was Miss Ella Greene, of Davisville, Cal.

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HARX'EY W. SCOTT, president of the Lewis and Clark Exposition Company, is of the type of men that have transformed the Pacific north- west from a wilderness. \\''ith his own hands he has cleared away the forest trees to make room for the simple home of the pioneers, with its mica windows and puncheon floors : he has split the rails for the fence built around the family homestead ; in going to and returning from school he has followed the only paths through the woods — the trails beaten down by 'wild animals and Indians : he has shouldered rifle and gone forth in defense of the white man's right to occupy the country ; he has seen the ox-team of the plainsmen pass away and the steamboat and the railroad take its place as the means of transport ; he has seen the activities of the peo- ple rise from a small and uncertain traffic with the Hawaiian Islands to a world-wide commerce. The remotest corner in Africa is better known to Americans today than Oregon was to them when Mr. Scott made it his home. In Mr. Scott the past and the present are indissolubly linked. In him the hardy spirits that followed the foot- steps of Lewis and Clark to the Pacific ocean join hands with those who have taken up the wand of civilization and progress where the pio- neer laid it down. The trails of half a century ago have become the railroad of today; the bat- eau of the trader has gone and in its place has come the ocean carrier ; warships anchor where Indian dugouts lolled in the '50s; the old settler is passing and the new order is here. Mr. Scott is in every way the most eminent representative of the old and the new and it was fitting that he should be chosen to head the undertaking for the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the exploration of the Oregon country by Lewis and Clark.

Mr. Scott was born in Tazewell county, III., near Peoria, February i, 1838. His father, John Tucker Scott, was a farmer, and his son, Harvey W., was reared to the same calling. In the winter he attended district school, but his early educational facilities were limited. In those days, Illinois was in the wild west, and claimed a population of about one-tenth of what it num- bers today and its facilities for education were crude indeed. In 1852 John T. Scott crossed the plains to Oregon, first settling in Yamhill county, where after one year's residence the family lo- cated in Mason county. Wash., on Puget sound. Here Harvey W. Scott did his share of the ar- duous work of clearing up a farm^ When the great Indian wars, which had for their purpose the extermination of the white settlements, broke out. he enlisted as a private in the volunteer arnlv organized by the settlers and served one year. In 1857 he walked from the farm to Forest Grove, Ore., a distance of over one hundred and fiftv miles, and entered school, continuing at his

studies four months. A little later liis father re- moved from Washington to Oregon, locating in Clackamas county, twenty miles south of Oregon City. To this farm the young man went at the close of his short term in school.

He who can buy land cleared and ready for the plow in these modern days cannot realize what homemaking was in Oregon fifty years ago. There were giant trees to fell, rails to be split, and cattle to be cared for. Pioneers in those days did not while away much of their time as some farmers are wont to do now. Every moment was precious. Mr. Scott remained on the farm until he was twenty-one years old, doing his full share of the work. In the summer of 1859 he branched out for himself and taught scliool. His father now removed to a farm three miles west of Forest Grove and the son again took up farm work, devoting part of his time to a saw mill which his father operated.

Mr. Scott was now resolved to obtain an edu- cation and applied himself to the studies which he had begun in 1857. No young man in this generation or any other generation in Oregon has persevered so hard for the essential equip- ment of life or achieved so signal a triumph as has Mr. Scott. In 1859-60-61-62-63 he worked on neighboring farms and saw mills, earning money to pay his way through school. He would shoulder an axe and work at clearing for a while and with the money thus earned would go to school. When this slender fund was exhausted by tuition fees he would find new work to en- able him to resume his studies. This he kept up until 1863, when he received his diploma as the first graduate from Pacific University.

After leaving his school Mr. Scott went to the placer mines in Boise Basin, Idaho, where he spent a year. In 1864 he returned to Portland and for a year studied law in the office of E. D. Shattuck, who had been a member of the consti- tutional convention, and in the Rebellion period a leader in Oregon among the LTnion forces in politics. Mr. Scott was reading law and serving as librarian of the Portland Library when, in 1865,- he was offered the position as editorial writer on the Oregonian. He accepted, continu- ing as an employe until 1877, when he purchased an interest in the paper which he still owns.

In the editorial management of the Oregonian ]\Ir. Scott has always fought for the right, know- ing that time would justify his course. In the Civil war period, when there was a strong Southern sentiment in Oregon, he was a stead- fast friend of the C'nion. and gave his loval sup- port to all administration policies aimed to es- tablish the nation upon a firm and enduring basis. He neither favored nor countenanced half wav measures or compromises that left open the vital point to trouble a future generation. He has alwavs been for meeting the main issue fairlv and

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squarely and settling it once and for all. Time and again he has taken a firm stand for the en- forcement of law, the preservation of order, and the observance of the nation's treaties with other countries. Perhaps the greatest achievement of his life was the signal victory for sound money in the national campaign of 1896. Sound money with Mr. Scott meant the gold standard, without equivocation, not si.xteen to one, nor thirty-two to one, nor international bimetallism, nor coinage of the sefgnorage, nor "'do something for silver." He knew the evil that lurked in a base currency and fought it with all his power and resource. For two years before McKinley and Bryan had been nominated, nearly every daily newspaper west of the Mississippi river. Republican as well as Democratic, was trimming with the silverites, if not openly espousing sixteen to one. On the Pacific coast, the Orcgoniaii, among the leading dailies, stood alone in its advocacy of gold. The Orcgonian lost both business and subscribers for the stand it had taken on the money question, but Mr. Scott never turned back, never wavered in his purpose. The issue was not new to him, for he had made the same fight for the sound dollar vears before, in the days of the Hayes ad- ministration. The result was in the nature of a personal victory for Air. Scott, for Oregon was the only state west of the Rockv mountains that gave its full electoral vote to McKinley.

In journalism, Mr. Scott belongs to the school of the elder Bennett. Charles A. Dana. Medill and Watterson — editors who took the right stand on great questions regardless of the public clamor or the consequence to their own interests. The esteem in which he is held by the newspaper men of the United States is evidenced by the fact that he is a director of the Associated Press, the world's foremost collector of news. In 1900 he presided over the meeting for reorganization of the association in New York.

The Lewis and Clark Exposition received its impetus from a resolution adopted by the Oregon Historical Society in December, IQOO, favoring a celebration and fair in honor of the one hun- dredth anniversary of the exploration of the Oregon country by Captains Lewis and Clark. Mr. Scott was then president of the society. He gave the enterprise his cordial support after he had cautioned the people of Portland to weigh carefully the responsibility they were about to assume, and they had given heed to his advice in the preliminary steps. The Oregonian Pub- lishing Company at once became one of the largest stockholders of the Exposition corpora- tion. Mr. Scott was elected on the board of directors and was chosen first vice president. Upon the death of H. W. Corbett, in March. T903, Mr. Scott a.ssumcd the duties of president and was elected to thai office hv the hoard of directors on Jtdy 24. 1903.

In 185O Air. Scott was married to Aiiss Eliza- beth Nicklin, who died in 1875, leaving two children. In 1877 he was married to Miss Mar- garet McCliesney, of Pennsylvania. Three children have been born of this union.

Politically Mr. Scott is a stanch Republican. He has fought all the battles of his party in Oregon for nearly forty years, and was actively identified with its fortunes in the few years fol- lowing his arrival at the voting age and pre- ceding his service with the Orcgonian. Indeed, Mr. Scott is entitled to the full measm-e of credit for making Oregon a Republican state. For nearly twenty years following the admission of the state, the Democrats had a strong footing in ( )regon. Their last great victories were in 1876 and 1878, when they won all the important offices, including both the United States senators. Since 1880 the Republicans have been successful, with the exception of the loss of the governor in 1886, 1890 and 1902, and the state treasurer in 1886. For several years past there has been a strong desire on the part of the rank and file of the Republican party to honor Mr. Scott with a seat in the United States senate as a suitable recognition of his distinguished services to his party and his state. Mr. Scott is disinclined to accept political office, preferring to continue at the post of editor of the Orcgonian which he has filled for so many years. However, at the tirgent solicitation of friends, he permitted his name to be presented to the legislative assembly of 1903 for United States senator. The legislature had been deadlocked all session on the senatorship and Air. Scott was placed in nomination an hour l^efore final adjom-nment as a compromise candi- date who might be acceptable to the several fac- tions into which the Republican majority of the legislature was divided. He received the votes of twenty-nine members, but C. W. Fulton, who had led throughout the session, was chosen.

The Corvallis Times, a Democratic newspaper, paid Air. Scott the following tribute in its issue of A larch 9, 1903. following the adjournment of the legislature : "For forty years his great ability- has been spent in the promotion of Republican- ism, and in converting disciples to its faitli. He has not only given the best years of his life to his party, but he has, in addition, laid at its feet a great newspaper with which its battles have been fought and its victories won. It is a fact so patent as to be beyond cavil, that to the work of Air. Scott and his Orcgonian is due the fact that within twenty-five years. Oregon has been transformed from a Democratic into a sure Re- publican state. The character that he has stamped on that newspaper has been such that it has exerted a commanding influence that has lieen effective in drawing recruits to the Re- publican p,Trt\-. It is unquestionablv true that if. throupli all these vears, Air. Scott liad been

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elected to conduct his newspaper in the interest of Democracy, the RepubHcans in the state would be in the minority, and that in the places of many of those Republican members who repudiated him for senator, there would have been Demo- crats. It is wholly and practically probable that but for the implements of war that INIr. Scott has constantly kept in the hands of tlie Republi- cans of Oregon, the senator elected by the late joint assembly would have been, not a Republi- can, but a Democrat.

"Indeed, whatever of prestige the Republican party has in the state, whatever of preferment its partisans enjoy, Mr. Scott and his paper gave them. Whatever loaves they have divided, his toil and talents supplied. It ever there was a condition in which a party organization from sheer gratitude was indebted to an individual, it is manifestly, signally and unquestionably true in the case of Mr. Scott. His brain, his capital, the influence of his paper, his life-work until he has reached that period in his career where re- ward is already long overdue — all these have been uncomplainingly and constantly laid at the feet of Republicanism in Oregon. A reasonable regard for the service he has rendered his party in the state should, when his name was presented as a candidate at Salem, have dictated his elec- tion bv an enthusiastic and unanimous vote."

WILLIAM SARGENT LADD. In tracing the genealogy of the Ladd family it is found that their earliest recorded history is connected with the counties of Kent and Sussex in England. Before the days of Henry VI they owned and occupied as their manor house the estate of Bowyck in the parish of Eleham. Thomas Ladd, the then owner of Bowyck manor, died in 151 5, and his grandson \'incent, a later owner of the estate, died in 1563. In 1601 the manor passed through marriage into the Nethersole famil}'. In 1730 John Ladd. a direct descendant of \ incent Ladd, was created a baronet by George II, but the baronetcy became extinct a generation later. The first representa- tives of the family in America were Daniel and John Ladd. The former, however, was the first to land here, arriving in New Eng- land in 1623. The latter established his home in New Jersey in 4678. with a company of mem- bers of the Society of Friends. It is said that he was employed in laying out the city of Philadel- phia ; beyond doubt he was a surveyor of abil- ity and employed in many important enterprises connected with his occupation. During 1688 he took up six thousand acres in Gloucester county, where at the time of his death he was an influen- tial citizen and large land owner.

Representative of n family so intimately iden-

tified with early American history was Dr. Na- thaniel Gould Ladd, who was born July 13, 1798, and, notwithstanding hardships, obstacles and re- verses, rose from a humble position to promi- nence as a physician. His wife was Abigail Kel- ley Mead, who was born in New Hampshire August 7, 1806. In 1830 the family moved to Meredith, N. H., and three years later settled in a village now known as Tilton (then Sanborn- ton Bridge). During the previous residence of the family in Holland, Vt., a son was born Oc- tober 10, 1826, to whom the name of William Sargent was given. Being one of ten children, whose parents had only limited means, he had few advantages in boyhood ; indeed, it may be said that he had no opportunities for advance- ment except such as he made for himself. Al- ways ambitious, with the love of study charac- teristic of the true scholar, diligent in his appli- cation to text books, and quick to acquire knowl- edge, he soon gained a valuable fund of knowl- edge. Though the schools of those days were crude in comparison with the educational insti- tutions of the present day, his determination and energy surmounted obstacles. Whether in the schoolroom, on the farm or in his home, he was a constant student, and, indeed, throughout all of his life he continued to be fond of reading and study, as eager to grasp new thoughts when advanced in years as when a boy at home. Early experiences in breaking and tilling a New Eng- land farm, followed by acquiring the mastery of rebellious pupils in a rough district school, de- veloped in him traits of self-reliance and firm- ness of purpose that had no little to do with his subsequent success.

Following his experience as a teacher Mr. Ladd engaged in railroading, securing employ- ment in a freight house on the line of the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad, and later holding other positions in the same occupation. While thus engaged he met Daniel Webster,' who re- marked to him, in the course of their conversa- tion. "There is always room at the top." The young man, feeling that the top might be reached with less difficulty in a newer country than his home state, began to plan for the future. The gold fever of 1849 •^'•'^l "ot fascinate him nor did he fall a victim to its alluring prospects, but he did begin to contemplate the opportunities offered bv Oregon's vast farm lands. Deciding to seek a home in the far west he set sail on the Prome- theus from New York, February 27, 185 1, and crossed the isthmus, thence sailed north to San Francisco and from there to Portland. With him he brought a few articles of merchandise and these he began to sell, business being c<mducted on an extremely small scale. Hard work, how- ever, will win when the environment is frn-nral'Ie, and so it proved with him. Four o'clock in the

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morning found him ready for business, and throughout all the day he was busy, energetic, hopeful and sanguine.

A change came in his affairs during 1852, when the firm of Ladd & Tilton formed a partnership, continuing the same until the spring of 1855. Meantime, in 1854, Wesley Ladd came to Port- land, bringing with him Caroline Ames Elliott, the fiancee of William S. Ladd. They were mar- ried in San Francisco, October 17, 1854. and their union proved one of mutual helpfulness and hap- piness. Indeed, in later )ears Mr. Ladd ascribed much of his success to the optimistic spirit, patient devotion and cheerful comradeship of his wife. They became the parents of seven children, five of whom attained mature years, namely : Wil- liam M., who was born September 16, 1855, received a classical education in Amherst College, and is now a member of the banking house of Ladd & Tilton, of Portland; Charles Elliott, who was born August 5, 1857, and is also connected with the bank founded by his father ; Helen Kendall, who was born on the 4th of July. 1859 ; Caroline Ames, bom September 3, 1861, now the wife of Frederic Bailey Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; and John Wesley, born January 3, 1870, now con- nected with Ladd & Tilton.

No step in the business experience of Mr. Ladd was more important than his identification with the founding of the banking business which is still conducted under the original title of Ladd & Tilton. Opened for business in April of 1859 with a very small capital, the institution enjoyed a steady growth from the first. Two years after its organization the capital was increased to $150,000, and not long afterward was further in- creased to $1,000,000. When the partnership was dissolved in 1880 the bills receivable amounted to almost $2,500,000, but so conserva- tive had been the management of the bank and so sagacious its officers that, in 1888, less than $1,300 of this large sum was outstanding. While the building up of this important banking busi- ness occupied much of Mr. Ladd's time and thought for years, his activity was by no means limited thereto. Instead, we find him partici- pating in many enterprises of public value or private utility. As a financier he stood foremost. Throughout the entire northwest his opinion was regarded as final in matters pertaining to local banking and financial interests. The utmost con- fidence was reposed in his judgment, not only by the great middle class, but also by those men who like himself were captains of industry and leaders in finance and commerce.

From an early period of his residence in Ore- gon he was interested in farm lands, a frequent purchaser of unimproved property and instru- mental in the development of the agricultural resources of the state. Besides owning three

farms of his own, he was, with S. G. Reed, the owner of five others. Among his possessions was an estate of four hundred acres near Portland, which was a model farm in every respect. The raising of thoroughbred stock also engaged his attention, and he devoted considerable attrition to Clydesdale and Cleveland bay horses. Short- horn cattle, Berkshire hogs and Cotswold and Leicester sheep. Another enterprise in which he Avas once interested and which has become an establishment of great magnitude was the Oregon Furniture Manufacturing Company, which he organized in April of 1874. During 1883 he be- came interested in milling, which was then a comparatively new industry in the northwest. Through his wise oversight the occupation was put on a firm basis. At the time of his death he owned three-fourths of the entire flouring-mill interests of this part of the country. In 1888 he organized the Portland Cordage Company, which is still one of the leading concerns of its kind in this city. In the organization of what is now the Oregon Iron & Steel Company at Oswego he was a prime mover and he also acted as a director of the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company. His interests in Portland realty were large and of a value constantly increasing. The first brick building in the city was erected by him, and in later years he was one of the principal factors in the improvement of vacant property. The movement which had its climax in the erec- tion of a magnificent hotel, one of the fine.st in the west, had in him a stanch supporter. He was also interested in the Portland Water Company and in numerous other concerns organized to aid in the development and progress of the city.

In early life Mr. Ladd supported Democratic principles and during 1861-65 allied himself with the "War" Democrats. Subsequently he refused to ally himself with any political organization, although during his last years he uniformly voted for the presidential candidates of the Re- publican party. At one time, through the soli- citation of friends, he consented to act as mayor of Portland, but other official honors he firmly- declined, preferring to concentrate his attention upon matters of finance and commerce rather than enter the arena of public life. In his various enterprises he gave employment to many men, and it was always noticeable that by all he was not only respected but deeply loved. In liim the workingman always had a stanch friend, and, while he was easily the master of his employes, yet his consideration for them was so great that they always regarded him as a personal friend.

.\s indicative of the religious spirit which im- pelled Mr. Ladd in all his actions, it may be stated that from early life it was his custom to set aside one-tenth of his income for charitable and philanthropic purposes, and no destitute fam-

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ily, if worthy, ever sought help from him in vain. Quick to detect and denounce deception and hypocrisy, he was equally alert in aiding the honest and unfortunate. It is probable that no movement for the city's benefit was ever inaug- urated where his name did not